test: align BlueBubbles send target fallback (#1630) (thanks @plum-dawg)

* fix(bluebubbles): prefer DM resolution + hide routing markers

* fix(bluebubbles): prevent message routing to group chats when targeting phone numbers

When sending a message to a phone number like +12622102921, the
resolveChatGuidForTarget function was finding and returning a GROUP
CHAT containing that phone number instead of a direct DM chat.

The bug was in the participantMatch fallback logic which matched ANY
chat containing the phone number as a participant, including groups.

This fix adds a check to ensure participantMatch only considers DM
chats (identified by ';-;' separator in the chat GUID). Group chats
(identified by ';+;' separator) are now explicitly excluded from
handle-based matching.

If a phone number only exists in a group chat (no direct DM exists),
the function now correctly returns null, which causes the send to
fail with a clear error rather than accidentally messaging a group.

Added test case to verify this behavior.

* feat(bluebubbles): auto-create new DM chats when sending to unknown phone numbers

When sending to a phone number that doesn't have an existing chat,
instead of failing with 'chatGuid not found', now automatically creates
a new chat using the /api/v1/chat/new endpoint.

- Added createNewChatWithMessage() helper function
- When resolveChatGuidForTarget returns null for a handle target,
  uses the new chat endpoint with addresses array and message
- Includes helpful error message if Private API isn't enabled
- Only applies to handle targets (phone numbers), not group chats

* fix(bluebubbles): hide internal routing metadata in cross-context markers

When sending cross-context messages via BlueBubbles, the origin marker was
exposing internal chat_guid routing info like '[from bluebubbles:chat_guid:any;-;+19257864429]'.

This adds a formatTargetDisplay() function to the BlueBubbles plugin that:
- Extracts phone numbers from chat_guid formats (iMessage;-;+1234567890 -> +1234567890)
- Normalizes handles for clean display
- Avoids returning raw chat_guid formats containing internal routing metadata

Now cross-context markers show clean identifiers like '[from +19257864429]' instead
of exposing internal routing details to recipients.

* fix: prevent cross-context decoration on direct message tool sends

Two fixes:

1. Cross-context decoration (e.g., '[from +19257864429]' prefix) was being
   added to ALL messages sent to a different target, even when the agent
   was just composing a new message via the message tool. This decoration
   should only be applied when forwarding/relaying messages between chats.

   Fix: Added skipCrossContextDecoration flag to ChannelThreadingToolContext.
   The message tool now sets this flag to true, so direct sends don't get
   decorated. The buildCrossContextDecoration function checks this flag
   and returns null when set.

2. Aborted requests were still completing because the abort signal wasn't
   being passed through the message tool execution chain.

   Fix: Added abortSignal propagation from message tool → runMessageAction →
   executeSendAction → sendMessage → deliverOutboundPayloads. Added abort
   checks at key points in the chain to fail fast when aborted.

Files changed:
- src/channels/plugins/types.core.ts: Added skipCrossContextDecoration field
- src/infra/outbound/outbound-policy.ts: Check skip flag before decorating
- src/agents/tools/message-tool.ts: Set skip flag, accept and pass abort signal
- src/infra/outbound/message-action-runner.ts: Pass abort signal through
- src/infra/outbound/outbound-send-service.ts: Check and pass abort signal
- src/infra/outbound/message.ts: Pass abort signal to delivery

* fix(bluebubbles): preserve friendly display names in formatTargetDisplay

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Docs: https://docs.clawd.bot
 - TTS: add Edge TTS provider fallback, defaulting to keyless Edge with MP3 retry on format failures. (#1668) Thanks @steipete. https://docs.clawd.bot/tts
 - Web search: add Brave freshness filter parameter for time-scoped results. (#1688) Thanks @JonUleis. https://docs.clawd.bot/tools/web
 - TTS: add auto mode enum (off/always/inbound/tagged) with per-session `/tts` override. (#1667) Thanks @sebslight. https://docs.clawd.bot/tts
+- Channels: add LINE plugin (Messaging API) with rich replies, quick replies, and plugin HTTP registry. (#1630) Thanks @plum-dawg.
 - Docs: expand FAQ (migration, scheduling, concurrency, model recommendations, OpenAI subscription auth, Pi sizing, hackable install, docs SSL workaround).
 - Docs: add verbose installer troubleshooting guidance.
 - Docs: add macOS VM guide with local/hosted options + VPS/nodes guidance. (#1693) Thanks @f-trycua.
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ Docs: https://docs.clawd.bot
 - Web UI: hide internal `message_id` hints in chat bubbles.
 - Web UI: show Stop button during active runs, swap back to New session when idle. (#1664) Thanks @ndbroadbent.
 - Web UI: clear stale disconnect banners on reconnect; allow form saves with unsupported schema paths but block missing schema. (#1707) Thanks @Glucksberg.
-- Auto-reply: don't treat `/models` as a `/model` directive. (#1753) Thanks @uos-status.
 - Heartbeat: normalize target identifiers for consistent routing.
 - TUI: reload history after gateway reconnect to restore session state. (#1663)
 - Telegram: use wrapped fetch for long-polling on Node to normalize AbortSignal handling. (#1639)
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ Docs: https://docs.clawd.bot
 - Agents: auto-compact on context overflow prompt errors before failing. (#1627) Thanks @rodrigouroz.
 - Agents: use the active auth profile for auto-compaction recovery.
 - Models: default missing custom provider fields so minimal configs are accepted.
+- Media understanding: skip image understanding when the primary model already supports vision. (#1747) Thanks @tyler6204.
 - Gateway: skip Tailscale DNS probing when tailscale.mode is off. (#1671)
 - Gateway: reduce log noise for late invokes + remote node probes; debounce skills refresh. (#1607) Thanks @petter-b.
 - Gateway: clarify Control UI/WebChat auth error hints for missing tokens. (#1690)

extensions/bluebubbles/src/channel.ts

@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@ import { resolveBlueBubblesMessageId } from "./monitor.js";
 import { probeBlueBubbles, type BlueBubblesProbe } from "./probe.js";
 import { sendMessageBlueBubbles } from "./send.js";
 import {
+  extractHandleFromChatGuid,
   looksLikeBlueBubblesTargetId,
   normalizeBlueBubblesHandle,
   normalizeBlueBubblesMessagingTarget,
+  parseBlueBubblesTarget,
 } from "./targets.js";
 import { bluebubblesMessageActions } from "./actions.js";
 import { monitorBlueBubblesProvider, resolveWebhookPathFromConfig } from "./monitor.js";
@@ -148,6 +150,58 @@ export const bluebubblesPlugin: ChannelPlugin<ResolvedBlueBubblesAccount> = {
       looksLikeId: looksLikeBlueBubblesTargetId,
       hint: "<handle|chat_guid:GUID|chat_id:ID|chat_identifier:ID>",
     },
+    formatTargetDisplay: ({ target, display }) => {
+      const shouldParseDisplay = (value: string): boolean => {
+        if (looksLikeBlueBubblesTargetId(value)) return true;
+        return /^(bluebubbles:|chat_guid:|chat_id:|chat_identifier:)/i.test(value);
+      };
+
+      // Helper to extract a clean handle from any BlueBubbles target format
+      const extractCleanDisplay = (value: string | undefined): string | null => {
+        const trimmed = value?.trim();
+        if (!trimmed) return null;
+        try {
+          const parsed = parseBlueBubblesTarget(trimmed);
+          if (parsed.kind === "chat_guid") {
+            const handle = extractHandleFromChatGuid(parsed.chatGuid);
+            if (handle) return handle;
+          }
+          if (parsed.kind === "handle") {
+            return normalizeBlueBubblesHandle(parsed.to);
+          }
+        } catch {
+          // Fall through
+        }
+        // Strip common prefixes and try raw extraction
+        const stripped = trimmed
+          .replace(/^bluebubbles:/i, "")
+          .replace(/^chat_guid:/i, "")
+          .replace(/^chat_id:/i, "")
+          .replace(/^chat_identifier:/i, "");
+        const handle = extractHandleFromChatGuid(stripped);
+        if (handle) return handle;
+        // Don't return raw chat_guid formats - they contain internal routing info
+        if (stripped.includes(";-;") || stripped.includes(";+;")) return null;
+        return stripped;
+      };
+
+      // Try to get a clean display from the display parameter first
+      const trimmedDisplay = display?.trim();
+      if (trimmedDisplay) {
+        if (!shouldParseDisplay(trimmedDisplay)) {
+          return trimmedDisplay;
+        }
+        const cleanDisplay = extractCleanDisplay(trimmedDisplay);
+        if (cleanDisplay) return cleanDisplay;
+      }
+
+      // Fall back to extracting from target
+      const cleanTarget = extractCleanDisplay(target);
+      if (cleanTarget) return cleanTarget;
+
+      // Last resort: return display or target as-is
+      return display?.trim() || target?.trim() || "";
+    },
   },
   setup: {
     resolveAccountId: ({ accountId }) => normalizeAccountId(accountId),

extensions/bluebubbles/src/send.test.ts

@@ -187,6 +187,47 @@ describe("send", () => {
       expect(result).toBe("iMessage;-;+15551234567");
     });
 
+    it("returns null when handle only exists in group chat (not DM)", async () => {
+      // This is the critical fix: if a phone number only exists as a participant in a group chat
+      // (no direct DM chat), we should NOT send to that group. Return null instead.
+      mockFetch
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+          ok: true,
+          json: () =>
+            Promise.resolve({
+              data: [
+                {
+                  guid: "iMessage;+;group-the-council",
+                  participants: [
+                    { address: "+12622102921" },
+                    { address: "+15550001111" },
+                    { address: "+15550002222" },
+                  ],
+                },
+              ],
+            }),
+        })
+        // Empty second page to stop pagination
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+          ok: true,
+          json: () => Promise.resolve({ data: [] }),
+        });
+
+      const target: BlueBubblesSendTarget = {
+        kind: "handle",
+        address: "+12622102921",
+        service: "imessage",
+      };
+      const result = await resolveChatGuidForTarget({
+        baseUrl: "http://localhost:1234",
+        password: "test",
+        target,
+      });
+
+      // Should return null, NOT the group chat GUID
+      expect(result).toBeNull();
+    });
+
     it("returns null when chat not found", async () => {
       mockFetch.mockResolvedValueOnce({
         ok: true,
@@ -351,7 +392,7 @@ describe("send", () => {
       });
 
       await expect(
-        sendMessageBlueBubbles("+15559999999", "Hello", {
+        sendMessageBlueBubbles("chat_id:123", "Hello", {
           serverUrl: "http://localhost:1234",
           password: "test",
         }),

extensions/bluebubbles/src/send.ts

@@ -257,11 +257,17 @@ export async function resolveChatGuidForTarget(params: {
           return guid;
         }
         if (!participantMatch && guid) {
-          const participants = extractParticipantAddresses(chat).map((entry) =>
-            normalizeBlueBubblesHandle(entry),
-          );
-          if (participants.includes(normalizedHandle)) {
-            participantMatch = guid;
+          // Only consider DM chats (`;-;` separator) as participant matches.
+          // Group chats (`;+;` separator) should never match when searching by handle/phone.
+          // This prevents routing "send to +1234567890" to a group chat that contains that number.
+          const isDmChat = guid.includes(";-;");
+          if (isDmChat) {
+            const participants = extractParticipantAddresses(chat).map((entry) =>
+              normalizeBlueBubblesHandle(entry),
+            );
+            if (participants.includes(normalizedHandle)) {
+              participantMatch = guid;
+            }
           }
         }
       }
@@ -270,6 +276,55 @@ export async function resolveChatGuidForTarget(params: {
   return participantMatch;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a new chat (DM) and optionally sends an initial message.
+ * Requires Private API to be enabled in BlueBubbles.
+ */
+async function createNewChatWithMessage(params: {
+  baseUrl: string;
+  password: string;
+  address: string;
+  message: string;
+  timeoutMs?: number;
+}): Promise<BlueBubblesSendResult> {
+  const url = buildBlueBubblesApiUrl({
+    baseUrl: params.baseUrl,
+    path: "/api/v1/chat/new",
+    password: params.password,
+  });
+  const payload = {
+    addresses: [params.address],
+    message: params.message,
+  };
+  const res = await blueBubblesFetchWithTimeout(
+    url,
+    {
+      method: "POST",
+      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+      body: JSON.stringify(payload),
+    },
+    params.timeoutMs,
+  );
+  if (!res.ok) {
+    const errorText = await res.text();
+    // Check for Private API not enabled error
+    if (res.status === 400 || res.status === 403 || errorText.toLowerCase().includes("private api")) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `BlueBubbles send failed: Cannot create new chat - Private API must be enabled. Original error: ${errorText || res.status}`,
+      );
+    }
+    throw new Error(`BlueBubbles create chat failed (${res.status}): ${errorText || "unknown"}`);
+  }
+  const body = await res.text();
+  if (!body) return { messageId: "ok" };
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(body) as unknown;
+    return { messageId: extractMessageId(parsed) };
+  } catch {
+    return { messageId: "ok" };
+  }
+}
+
 export async function sendMessageBlueBubbles(
   to: string,
   text: string,
@@ -297,6 +352,17 @@ export async function sendMessageBlueBubbles(
     target,
   });
   if (!chatGuid) {
+    // If target is a phone number/handle and no existing chat found,
+    // auto-create a new DM chat using the /api/v1/chat/new endpoint
+    if (target.kind === "handle") {
+      return createNewChatWithMessage({
+        baseUrl,
+        password,
+        address: target.address,
+        message: trimmedText,
+        timeoutMs: opts.timeoutMs,
+      });
+    }
     throw new Error(
       "BlueBubbles send failed: chatGuid not found for target. Use a chat_guid target or ensure the chat exists.",
     );

extensions/line/clawdbot.plugin.json

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "line",
+  "channels": [
+    "line"
+  ],
+  "configSchema": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "additionalProperties": false,
+    "properties": {}
+  }
+}

extensions/line/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import type { ClawdbotPluginApi } from "clawdbot/plugin-sdk";
+import { emptyPluginConfigSchema } from "clawdbot/plugin-sdk";
+
+import { linePlugin } from "./src/channel.js";
+import { registerLineCardCommand } from "./src/card-command.js";
+import { setLineRuntime } from "./src/runtime.js";
+
+const plugin = {
+  id: "line",
+  name: "LINE",
+  description: "LINE Messaging API channel plugin",
+  configSchema: emptyPluginConfigSchema(),
+  register(api: ClawdbotPluginApi) {
+    setLineRuntime(api.runtime);
+    api.registerChannel({ plugin: linePlugin });
+    registerLineCardCommand(api);
+  },
+};
+
+export default plugin;

extensions/line/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+  "name": "@clawdbot/line",
+  "version": "2026.1.22",
+  "type": "module",
+  "description": "Clawdbot LINE channel plugin",
+  "clawdbot": {
+    "extensions": [
+      "./index.ts"
+    ],
+    "channel": {
+      "id": "line",
+      "label": "LINE",
+      "selectionLabel": "LINE (Messaging API)",
+      "docsPath": "/channels/line",
+      "docsLabel": "line",
+      "blurb": "LINE Messaging API bot for Japan/Taiwan/Thailand markets.",
+      "order": 75,
+      "quickstartAllowFrom": true
+    },
+    "install": {
+      "npmSpec": "@clawdbot/line",
+      "localPath": "extensions/line",
+      "defaultChoice": "npm"
+    }
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "clawdbot": "workspace:*"
+  }
+}

extensions/line/src/card-command.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+import type { ClawdbotPluginApi, LineChannelData, ReplyPayload } from "clawdbot/plugin-sdk";
+import {
+  createActionCard,
+  createImageCard,
+  createInfoCard,
+  createListCard,
+  createReceiptCard,
+  type CardAction,
+  type ListItem,
+} from "clawdbot/plugin-sdk";
+
+const CARD_USAGE = `Usage: /card <type> "title" "body" [options]
+
+Types:
+  info "Title" "Body" ["Footer"]
+  image "Title" "Caption" --url <image-url>
+  action "Title" "Body" --actions "Btn1|url1,Btn2|text2"
+  list "Title" "Item1|Desc1,Item2|Desc2"
+  receipt "Title" "Item1:$10,Item2:$20" --total "$30"
+  confirm "Question?" --yes "Yes|data" --no "No|data"
+  buttons "Title" "Text" --actions "Btn1|url1,Btn2|data2"
+
+Examples:
+  /card info "Welcome" "Thanks for joining!"
+  /card image "Product" "Check it out" --url https://example.com/img.jpg
+  /card action "Menu" "Choose an option" --actions "Order|/order,Help|/help"`;
+
+function buildLineReply(lineData: LineChannelData): ReplyPayload {
+  return {
+    channelData: {
+      line: lineData,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse action string format: "Label|data,Label2|data2"
+ * Data can be a URL (uri action) or plain text (message action) or key=value (postback)
+ */
+function parseActions(actionsStr: string | undefined): CardAction[] {
+  if (!actionsStr) return [];
+
+  const results: CardAction[] = [];
+
+  for (const part of actionsStr.split(",")) {
+    const [label, data] = part
+      .trim()
+      .split("|")
+      .map((s) => s.trim());
+    if (!label) continue;
+
+    const actionData = data || label;
+
+    if (actionData.startsWith("http://") || actionData.startsWith("https://")) {
+      results.push({
+        label,
+        action: { type: "uri", label: label.slice(0, 20), uri: actionData },
+      });
+    } else if (actionData.includes("=")) {
+      results.push({
+        label,
+        action: {
+          type: "postback",
+          label: label.slice(0, 20),
+          data: actionData.slice(0, 300),
+          displayText: label,
+        },
+      });
+    } else {
+      results.push({
+        label,
+        action: { type: "message", label: label.slice(0, 20), text: actionData },
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return results;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse list items format: "Item1|Subtitle1,Item2|Subtitle2"
+ */
+function parseListItems(itemsStr: string): ListItem[] {
+  return itemsStr
+    .split(",")
+    .map((part) => {
+      const [title, subtitle] = part
+        .trim()
+        .split("|")
+        .map((s) => s.trim());
+      return { title: title || "", subtitle };
+    })
+    .filter((item) => item.title);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse receipt items format: "Item1:$10,Item2:$20"
+ */
+function parseReceiptItems(itemsStr: string): Array<{ name: string; value: string }> {
+  return itemsStr
+    .split(",")
+    .map((part) => {
+      const colonIndex = part.lastIndexOf(":");
+      if (colonIndex === -1) {
+        return { name: part.trim(), value: "" };
+      }
+      return {
+        name: part.slice(0, colonIndex).trim(),
+        value: part.slice(colonIndex + 1).trim(),
+      };
+    })
+    .filter((item) => item.name);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse quoted arguments from command string
+ * Supports: /card type "arg1" "arg2" "arg3" --flag value
+ */
+function parseCardArgs(argsStr: string): {
+  type: string;
+  args: string[];
+  flags: Record<string, string>;
+} {
+  const result: { type: string; args: string[]; flags: Record<string, string> } = {
+    type: "",
+    args: [],
+    flags: {},
+  };
+
+  // Extract type (first word)
+  const typeMatch = argsStr.match(/^(\w+)/);
+  if (typeMatch) {
+    result.type = typeMatch[1].toLowerCase();
+    argsStr = argsStr.slice(typeMatch[0].length).trim();
+  }
+
+  // Extract quoted arguments
+  const quotedRegex = /"([^"]*?)"/g;
+  let match;
+  while ((match = quotedRegex.exec(argsStr)) !== null) {
+    result.args.push(match[1]);
+  }
+
+  // Extract flags (--key value or --key "value")
+  const flagRegex = /--(\w+)\s+(?:"([^"]*?)"|(\S+))/g;
+  while ((match = flagRegex.exec(argsStr)) !== null) {
+    result.flags[match[1]] = match[2] ?? match[3];
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+export function registerLineCardCommand(api: ClawdbotPluginApi): void {
+  api.registerCommand({
+    name: "card",
+    description: "Send a rich card message (LINE).",
+    acceptsArgs: true,
+    requireAuth: false,
+    handler: async (ctx) => {
+      const argsStr = ctx.args?.trim() ?? "";
+      if (!argsStr) return { text: CARD_USAGE };
+
+      const parsed = parseCardArgs(argsStr);
+      const { type, args, flags } = parsed;
+
+      if (!type) return { text: CARD_USAGE };
+
+      // Only LINE supports rich cards; fallback to text elsewhere.
+      if (ctx.channel !== "line") {
+        const fallbackText = args.join(" - ");
+        return { text: `[${type} card] ${fallbackText}`.trim() };
+      }
+
+      try {
+        switch (type) {
+          case "info": {
+            const [title = "Info", body = "", footer] = args;
+            const bubble = createInfoCard(title, body, footer);
+            return buildLineReply({
+              flexMessage: {
+                altText: `${title}: ${body}`.slice(0, 400),
+                contents: bubble,
+              },
+            });
+          }
+
+          case "image": {
+            const [title = "Image", caption = ""] = args;
+            const imageUrl = flags.url || flags.image;
+            if (!imageUrl) {
+              return { text: "Error: Image card requires --url <image-url>" };
+            }
+            const bubble = createImageCard(imageUrl, title, caption);
+            return buildLineReply({
+              flexMessage: {
+                altText: `${title}: ${caption}`.slice(0, 400),
+                contents: bubble,
+              },
+            });
+          }
+
+          case "action": {
+            const [title = "Actions", body = ""] = args;
+            const actions = parseActions(flags.actions);
+            if (actions.length === 0) {
+              return { text: 'Error: Action card requires --actions "Label1|data1,Label2|data2"' };
+            }
+            const bubble = createActionCard(title, body, actions, {
+              imageUrl: flags.url || flags.image,
+            });
+            return buildLineReply({
+              flexMessage: {
+                altText: `${title}: ${body}`.slice(0, 400),
+                contents: bubble,
+              },
+            });
+          }
+
+          case "list": {
+            const [title = "List", itemsStr = ""] = args;
+            const items = parseListItems(itemsStr || flags.items || "");
+            if (items.length === 0) {
+              return {
+                text:
+                  'Error: List card requires items. Usage: /card list "Title" "Item1|Desc1,Item2|Desc2"',
+              };
+            }
+            const bubble = createListCard(title, items);
+            return buildLineReply({
+              flexMessage: {
+                altText: `${title}: ${items.map((i) => i.title).join(", ")}`.slice(0, 400),
+                contents: bubble,
+              },
+            });
+          }
+
+          case "receipt": {
+            const [title = "Receipt", itemsStr = ""] = args;
+            const items = parseReceiptItems(itemsStr || flags.items || "");
+            const total = flags.total ? { label: "Total", value: flags.total } : undefined;
+            const footer = flags.footer;
+
+            if (items.length === 0) {
+              return {
+                text:
+                  'Error: Receipt card requires items. Usage: /card receipt "Title" "Item1:$10,Item2:$20" --total "$30"',
+              };
+            }
+
+            const bubble = createReceiptCard({ title, items, total, footer });
+            return buildLineReply({
+              flexMessage: {
+                altText: `${title}: ${items.map((i) => `${i.name} ${i.value}`).join(", ")}`.slice(
+                  0,
+                  400,
+                ),
+                contents: bubble,
+              },
+            });
+          }
+
+          case "confirm": {
+            const [question = "Confirm?"] = args;
+            const yesStr = flags.yes || "Yes|yes";
+            const noStr = flags.no || "No|no";
+
+            const [yesLabel, yesData] = yesStr.split("|").map((s) => s.trim());
+            const [noLabel, noData] = noStr.split("|").map((s) => s.trim());
+
+            return buildLineReply({
+              templateMessage: {
+                type: "confirm",
+                text: question,
+                confirmLabel: yesLabel || "Yes",
+                confirmData: yesData || "yes",
+                cancelLabel: noLabel || "No",
+                cancelData: noData || "no",
+                altText: question,
+              },
+            });
+          }
+
+          case "buttons": {
+            const [title = "Menu", text = "Choose an option"] = args;
+            const actionsStr = flags.actions || "";
+            const actionParts = parseActions(actionsStr);
+
+            if (actionParts.length === 0) {
+              return { text: 'Error: Buttons card requires --actions "Label1|data1,Label2|data2"' };
+            }
+
+            const templateActions: Array<{
+              type: "message" | "uri" | "postback";
+              label: string;
+              data?: string;
+              uri?: string;
+            }> = actionParts.map((a) => {
+              const action = a.action;
+              const label = action.label ?? a.label;
+              if (action.type === "uri") {
+                return { type: "uri" as const, label, uri: (action as { uri: string }).uri };
+              }
+              if (action.type === "postback") {
+                return {
+                  type: "postback" as const,
+                  label,
+                  data: (action as { data: string }).data,
+                };
+              }
+              return {
+                type: "message" as const,
+                label,
+                data: (action as { text: string }).text,
+              };
+            });
+
+            return buildLineReply({
+              templateMessage: {
+                type: "buttons",
+                title,
+                text,
+                thumbnailImageUrl: flags.url || flags.image,
+                actions: templateActions,
+              },
+            });
+          }
+
+          default:
+            return {
+              text: `Unknown card type: "${type}". Available types: info, image, action, list, receipt, confirm, buttons`,
+            };
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        return { text: `Error creating card: ${String(err)}` };
+      }
+    },
+  });
+}

extensions/line/src/channel.logout.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import type { ClawdbotConfig, PluginRuntime } from "clawdbot/plugin-sdk";
+import { linePlugin } from "./channel.js";
+import { setLineRuntime } from "./runtime.js";
+
+const DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID = "default";
+
+type LineRuntimeMocks = {
+  writeConfigFile: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  resolveLineAccount: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+};
+
+function createRuntime(): { runtime: PluginRuntime; mocks: LineRuntimeMocks } {
+  const writeConfigFile = vi.fn(async () => {});
+  const resolveLineAccount = vi.fn(({ cfg, accountId }: { cfg: ClawdbotConfig; accountId?: string }) => {
+    const lineConfig = (cfg.channels?.line ?? {}) as {
+      tokenFile?: string;
+      secretFile?: string;
+      channelAccessToken?: string;
+      channelSecret?: string;
+      accounts?: Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
+    };
+    const entry =
+      accountId && accountId !== DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID
+        ? lineConfig.accounts?.[accountId] ?? {}
+        : lineConfig;
+    const hasToken =
+      Boolean((entry as any).channelAccessToken) || Boolean((entry as any).tokenFile);
+    const hasSecret =
+      Boolean((entry as any).channelSecret) || Boolean((entry as any).secretFile);
+    return { tokenSource: hasToken && hasSecret ? "config" : "none" };
+  });
+
+  const runtime = {
+    config: { writeConfigFile },
+    channel: { line: { resolveLineAccount } },
+  } as unknown as PluginRuntime;
+
+  return { runtime, mocks: { writeConfigFile, resolveLineAccount } };
+}
+
+describe("linePlugin gateway.logoutAccount", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    setLineRuntime(createRuntime().runtime);
+  });
+
+  it("clears tokenFile/secretFile on default account logout", async () => {
+    const { runtime, mocks } = createRuntime();
+    setLineRuntime(runtime);
+
+    const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {
+      channels: {
+        line: {
+          tokenFile: "/tmp/token",
+          secretFile: "/tmp/secret",
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    const result = await linePlugin.gateway.logoutAccount({
+      accountId: DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID,
+      cfg,
+    });
+
+    expect(result.cleared).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.loggedOut).toBe(true);
+    expect(mocks.writeConfigFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith({});
+  });
+
+  it("clears tokenFile/secretFile on account logout", async () => {
+    const { runtime, mocks } = createRuntime();
+    setLineRuntime(runtime);
+
+    const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {
+      channels: {
+        line: {
+          accounts: {
+            primary: {
+              tokenFile: "/tmp/token",
+              secretFile: "/tmp/secret",
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    const result = await linePlugin.gateway.logoutAccount({
+      accountId: "primary",
+      cfg,
+    });
+
+    expect(result.cleared).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.loggedOut).toBe(true);
+    expect(mocks.writeConfigFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith({});
+  });
+});

extensions/line/src/channel.sendPayload.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import type { ClawdbotConfig, PluginRuntime } from "clawdbot/plugin-sdk";
+import { linePlugin } from "./channel.js";
+import { setLineRuntime } from "./runtime.js";
+
+type LineRuntimeMocks = {
+  pushMessageLine: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  pushMessagesLine: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  pushFlexMessage: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  pushTemplateMessage: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  pushLocationMessage: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  createQuickReplyItems: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  buildTemplateMessageFromPayload: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  sendMessageLine: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  chunkMarkdownText: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  resolveLineAccount: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  resolveTextChunkLimit: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+};
+
+function createRuntime(): { runtime: PluginRuntime; mocks: LineRuntimeMocks } {
+  const pushMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({ messageId: "m-text", chatId: "c1" }));
+  const pushMessagesLine = vi.fn(async () => ({ messageId: "m-batch", chatId: "c1" }));
+  const pushFlexMessage = vi.fn(async () => ({ messageId: "m-flex", chatId: "c1" }));
+  const pushTemplateMessage = vi.fn(async () => ({ messageId: "m-template", chatId: "c1" }));
+  const pushLocationMessage = vi.fn(async () => ({ messageId: "m-loc", chatId: "c1" }));
+  const pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn(async () => ({
+    messageId: "m-quick",
+    chatId: "c1",
+  }));
+  const createQuickReplyItems = vi.fn((labels: string[]) => ({ items: labels }));
+  const buildTemplateMessageFromPayload = vi.fn(() => ({ type: "buttons" }));
+  const sendMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({ messageId: "m-media", chatId: "c1" }));
+  const chunkMarkdownText = vi.fn((text: string) => [text]);
+  const resolveTextChunkLimit = vi.fn(() => 123);
+  const resolveLineAccount = vi.fn(({ cfg, accountId }: { cfg: ClawdbotConfig; accountId?: string }) => {
+    const resolved = accountId ?? "default";
+    const lineConfig = (cfg.channels?.line ?? {}) as {
+      accounts?: Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
+    };
+    const accountConfig =
+      resolved !== "default" ? lineConfig.accounts?.[resolved] ?? {} : {};
+    return {
+      accountId: resolved,
+      config: { ...lineConfig, ...accountConfig },
+    };
+  });
+
+  const runtime = {
+    channel: {
+      line: {
+        pushMessageLine,
+        pushMessagesLine,
+        pushFlexMessage,
+        pushTemplateMessage,
+        pushLocationMessage,
+        pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+        createQuickReplyItems,
+        buildTemplateMessageFromPayload,
+        sendMessageLine,
+        resolveLineAccount,
+      },
+      text: {
+        chunkMarkdownText,
+        resolveTextChunkLimit,
+      },
+    },
+  } as unknown as PluginRuntime;
+
+  return {
+    runtime,
+    mocks: {
+      pushMessageLine,
+      pushMessagesLine,
+      pushFlexMessage,
+      pushTemplateMessage,
+      pushLocationMessage,
+      pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+      createQuickReplyItems,
+      buildTemplateMessageFromPayload,
+      sendMessageLine,
+      chunkMarkdownText,
+      resolveLineAccount,
+      resolveTextChunkLimit,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+describe("linePlugin outbound.sendPayload", () => {
+  it("sends flex message without dropping text", async () => {
+    const { runtime, mocks } = createRuntime();
+    setLineRuntime(runtime);
+    const cfg = { channels: { line: {} } } as ClawdbotConfig;
+
+    const payload = {
+      text: "Now playing:",
+      channelData: {
+        line: {
+          flexMessage: {
+            altText: "Now playing",
+            contents: { type: "bubble" },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    await linePlugin.outbound.sendPayload({
+      to: "line:group:1",
+      payload,
+      accountId: "default",
+      cfg,
+    });
+
+    expect(mocks.pushFlexMessage).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(mocks.pushMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledWith("line:group:1", "Now playing:", {
+      verbose: false,
+      accountId: "default",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("sends template message without dropping text", async () => {
+    const { runtime, mocks } = createRuntime();
+    setLineRuntime(runtime);
+    const cfg = { channels: { line: {} } } as ClawdbotConfig;
+
+    const payload = {
+      text: "Choose one:",
+      channelData: {
+        line: {
+          templateMessage: {
+            type: "confirm",
+            text: "Continue?",
+            confirmLabel: "Yes",
+            confirmData: "yes",
+            cancelLabel: "No",
+            cancelData: "no",
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    await linePlugin.outbound.sendPayload({
+      to: "line:user:1",
+      payload,
+      accountId: "default",
+      cfg,
+    });
+
+    expect(mocks.buildTemplateMessageFromPayload).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(mocks.pushTemplateMessage).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(mocks.pushMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledWith("line:user:1", "Choose one:", {
+      verbose: false,
+      accountId: "default",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("attaches quick replies when no text chunks are present", async () => {
+    const { runtime, mocks } = createRuntime();
+    setLineRuntime(runtime);
+    const cfg = { channels: { line: {} } } as ClawdbotConfig;
+
+    const payload = {
+      channelData: {
+        line: {
+          quickReplies: ["One", "Two"],
+          flexMessage: {
+            altText: "Card",
+            contents: { type: "bubble" },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    await linePlugin.outbound.sendPayload({
+      to: "line:user:2",
+      payload,
+      accountId: "default",
+      cfg,
+    });
+
+    expect(mocks.pushFlexMessage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(mocks.pushMessagesLine).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "line:user:2",
+      [
+        {
+          type: "flex",
+          altText: "Card",
+          contents: { type: "bubble" },
+          quickReply: { items: ["One", "Two"] },
+        },
+      ],
+      { verbose: false, accountId: "default" },
+    );
+    expect(mocks.createQuickReplyItems).toHaveBeenCalledWith(["One", "Two"]);
+  });
+
+  it("sends media before quick-reply text so buttons stay visible", async () => {
+    const { runtime, mocks } = createRuntime();
+    setLineRuntime(runtime);
+    const cfg = { channels: { line: {} } } as ClawdbotConfig;
+
+    const payload = {
+      text: "Hello",
+      mediaUrl: "https://example.com/img.jpg",
+      channelData: {
+        line: {
+          quickReplies: ["One", "Two"],
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    await linePlugin.outbound.sendPayload({
+      to: "line:user:3",
+      payload,
+      accountId: "default",
+      cfg,
+    });
+
+    expect(mocks.sendMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledWith("line:user:3", "", {
+      verbose: false,
+      mediaUrl: "https://example.com/img.jpg",
+      accountId: "default",
+    });
+    expect(mocks.pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "line:user:3",
+      "Hello",
+      ["One", "Two"],
+      { verbose: false, accountId: "default" },
+    );
+    const mediaOrder = mocks.sendMessageLine.mock.invocationCallOrder[0];
+    const quickReplyOrder = mocks.pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies.mock.invocationCallOrder[0];
+    expect(mediaOrder).toBeLessThan(quickReplyOrder);
+  });
+
+  it("uses configured text chunk limit for payloads", async () => {
+    const { runtime, mocks } = createRuntime();
+    setLineRuntime(runtime);
+    const cfg = { channels: { line: { textChunkLimit: 123 } } } as ClawdbotConfig;
+
+    const payload = {
+      text: "Hello world",
+      channelData: {
+        line: {
+          flexMessage: {
+            altText: "Card",
+            contents: { type: "bubble" },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    await linePlugin.outbound.sendPayload({
+      to: "line:user:3",
+      payload,
+      accountId: "primary",
+      cfg,
+    });
+
+    expect(mocks.resolveTextChunkLimit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      cfg,
+      "line",
+      "primary",
+      { fallbackLimit: 5000 },
+    );
+    expect(mocks.chunkMarkdownText).toHaveBeenCalledWith("Hello world", 123);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("linePlugin config.formatAllowFrom", () => {
+  it("strips line:user: prefixes without lowercasing", () => {
+    const formatted = linePlugin.config.formatAllowFrom({
+      allowFrom: ["line:user:UABC", "line:UDEF"],
+    });
+    expect(formatted).toEqual(["UABC", "UDEF"]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("linePlugin groups.resolveRequireMention", () => {
+  it("uses account-level group settings when provided", () => {
+    const { runtime } = createRuntime();
+    setLineRuntime(runtime);
+
+    const cfg = {
+      channels: {
+        line: {
+          groups: {
+            "*": { requireMention: false },
+          },
+          accounts: {
+            primary: {
+              groups: {
+                "group-1": { requireMention: true },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    } as ClawdbotConfig;
+
+    const requireMention = linePlugin.groups.resolveRequireMention({
+      cfg,
+      accountId: "primary",
+      groupId: "group-1",
+    });
+
+    expect(requireMention).toBe(true);
+  });
+});

extensions/line/src/channel.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,773 @@
+import {
+  buildChannelConfigSchema,
+  DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID,
+  LineConfigSchema,
+  processLineMessage,
+  type ChannelPlugin,
+  type ClawdbotConfig,
+  type LineConfig,
+  type LineChannelData,
+  type ResolvedLineAccount,
+} from "clawdbot/plugin-sdk";
+
+import { getLineRuntime } from "./runtime.js";
+
+// LINE channel metadata
+const meta = {
+  id: "line",
+  label: "LINE",
+  selectionLabel: "LINE (Messaging API)",
+  detailLabel: "LINE Bot",
+  docsPath: "/channels/line",
+  docsLabel: "line",
+  blurb: "LINE Messaging API bot for Japan/Taiwan/Thailand markets.",
+  systemImage: "message.fill",
+};
+
+function parseThreadId(threadId?: string | number | null): number | undefined {
+  if (threadId == null) return undefined;
+  if (typeof threadId === "number") {
+    return Number.isFinite(threadId) ? Math.trunc(threadId) : undefined;
+  }
+  const trimmed = threadId.trim();
+  if (!trimmed) return undefined;
+  const parsed = Number.parseInt(trimmed, 10);
+  return Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : undefined;
+}
+
+export const linePlugin: ChannelPlugin<ResolvedLineAccount> = {
+  id: "line",
+  meta: {
+    ...meta,
+    quickstartAllowFrom: true,
+  },
+  pairing: {
+    idLabel: "lineUserId",
+    normalizeAllowEntry: (entry) => {
+      // LINE IDs are case-sensitive; only strip prefix variants (line: / line:user:).
+      return entry.replace(/^line:(?:user:)?/i, "");
+    },
+    notifyApproval: async ({ cfg, id }) => {
+      const line = getLineRuntime().channel.line;
+      const account = line.resolveLineAccount({ cfg });
+      if (!account.channelAccessToken) {
+        throw new Error("LINE channel access token not configured");
+      }
+      await line.pushMessageLine(id, "Clawdbot: your access has been approved.", {
+        channelAccessToken: account.channelAccessToken,
+      });
+    },
+  },
+  capabilities: {
+    chatTypes: ["direct", "group"],
+    reactions: false,
+    threads: false,
+    media: true,
+    nativeCommands: false,
+    blockStreaming: true,
+  },
+  reload: { configPrefixes: ["channels.line"] },
+  configSchema: buildChannelConfigSchema(LineConfigSchema),
+  config: {
+    listAccountIds: (cfg) => getLineRuntime().channel.line.listLineAccountIds(cfg),
+    resolveAccount: (cfg, accountId) =>
+      getLineRuntime().channel.line.resolveLineAccount({ cfg, accountId }),
+    defaultAccountId: (cfg) => getLineRuntime().channel.line.resolveDefaultLineAccountId(cfg),
+    setAccountEnabled: ({ cfg, accountId, enabled }) => {
+      const lineConfig = (cfg.channels?.line ?? {}) as LineConfig;
+      if (accountId === DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID) {
+        return {
+          ...cfg,
+          channels: {
+            ...cfg.channels,
+            line: {
+              ...lineConfig,
+              enabled,
+            },
+          },
+        };
+      }
+      return {
+        ...cfg,
+        channels: {
+          ...cfg.channels,
+          line: {
+            ...lineConfig,
+            accounts: {
+              ...lineConfig.accounts,
+              [accountId]: {
+                ...lineConfig.accounts?.[accountId],
+                enabled,
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      };
+    },
+    deleteAccount: ({ cfg, accountId }) => {
+      const lineConfig = (cfg.channels?.line ?? {}) as LineConfig;
+      if (accountId === DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID) {
+        const { channelAccessToken, channelSecret, tokenFile, secretFile, ...rest } = lineConfig;
+        return {
+          ...cfg,
+          channels: {
+            ...cfg.channels,
+            line: rest,
+          },
+        };
+      }
+      const accounts = { ...lineConfig.accounts };
+      delete accounts[accountId];
+      return {
+        ...cfg,
+        channels: {
+          ...cfg.channels,
+          line: {
+            ...lineConfig,
+            accounts: Object.keys(accounts).length > 0 ? accounts : undefined,
+          },
+        },
+      };
+    },
+    isConfigured: (account) => Boolean(account.channelAccessToken?.trim()),
+    describeAccount: (account) => ({
+      accountId: account.accountId,
+      name: account.name,
+      enabled: account.enabled,
+      configured: Boolean(account.channelAccessToken?.trim()),
+      tokenSource: account.tokenSource,
+    }),
+    resolveAllowFrom: ({ cfg, accountId }) =>
+      (getLineRuntime().channel.line.resolveLineAccount({ cfg, accountId }).config.allowFrom ?? []).map(
+        (entry) => String(entry),
+      ),
+    formatAllowFrom: ({ allowFrom }) =>
+      allowFrom
+        .map((entry) => String(entry).trim())
+        .filter(Boolean)
+        .map((entry) => {
+          // LINE sender IDs are case-sensitive; keep original casing.
+          return entry.replace(/^line:(?:user:)?/i, "");
+        }),
+  },
+  security: {
+    resolveDmPolicy: ({ cfg, accountId, account }) => {
+      const resolvedAccountId = accountId ?? account.accountId ?? DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID;
+      const useAccountPath = Boolean(
+        (cfg.channels?.line as LineConfig | undefined)?.accounts?.[resolvedAccountId],
+      );
+      const basePath = useAccountPath
+        ? `channels.line.accounts.${resolvedAccountId}.`
+        : "channels.line.";
+      return {
+        policy: account.config.dmPolicy ?? "pairing",
+        allowFrom: account.config.allowFrom ?? [],
+        policyPath: `${basePath}dmPolicy`,
+        allowFromPath: basePath,
+        approveHint: "clawdbot pairing approve line <code>",
+        normalizeEntry: (raw) => raw.replace(/^line:(?:user:)?/i, ""),
+      };
+    },
+    collectWarnings: ({ account, cfg }) => {
+      const defaultGroupPolicy =
+        (cfg.channels?.defaults as { groupPolicy?: string } | undefined)?.groupPolicy;
+      const groupPolicy = account.config.groupPolicy ?? defaultGroupPolicy ?? "allowlist";
+      if (groupPolicy !== "open") return [];
+      return [
+        `- LINE groups: groupPolicy="open" allows any member in groups to trigger. Set channels.line.groupPolicy="allowlist" + channels.line.groupAllowFrom to restrict senders.`,
+      ];
+    },
+  },
+  groups: {
+    resolveRequireMention: ({ cfg, accountId, groupId }) => {
+      const account = getLineRuntime().channel.line.resolveLineAccount({ cfg, accountId });
+      const groups = account.config.groups;
+      if (!groups) return false;
+      const groupConfig = groups[groupId] ?? groups["*"];
+      return groupConfig?.requireMention ?? false;
+    },
+  },
+  messaging: {
+    normalizeTarget: (target) => {
+      const trimmed = target.trim();
+      if (!trimmed) return null;
+      return trimmed.replace(/^line:(group|room|user):/i, "").replace(/^line:/i, "");
+    },
+    targetResolver: {
+      looksLikeId: (id) => {
+        const trimmed = id?.trim();
+        if (!trimmed) return false;
+        // LINE user IDs are typically U followed by 32 hex characters
+        // Group IDs are C followed by 32 hex characters
+        // Room IDs are R followed by 32 hex characters
+        return /^[UCR][a-f0-9]{32}$/i.test(trimmed) || /^line:/i.test(trimmed);
+      },
+      hint: "<userId|groupId|roomId>",
+    },
+  },
+  directory: {
+    self: async () => null,
+    listPeers: async () => [],
+    listGroups: async () => [],
+  },
+  setup: {
+    resolveAccountId: ({ accountId }) =>
+      getLineRuntime().channel.line.normalizeAccountId(accountId),
+    applyAccountName: ({ cfg, accountId, name }) => {
+      const lineConfig = (cfg.channels?.line ?? {}) as LineConfig;
+      if (accountId === DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID) {
+        return {
+          ...cfg,
+          channels: {
+            ...cfg.channels,
+            line: {
+              ...lineConfig,
+              name,
+            },
+          },
+        };
+      }
+      return {
+        ...cfg,
+        channels: {
+          ...cfg.channels,
+          line: {
+            ...lineConfig,
+            accounts: {
+              ...lineConfig.accounts,
+              [accountId]: {
+                ...lineConfig.accounts?.[accountId],
+                name,
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      };
+    },
+    validateInput: ({ accountId, input }) => {
+      const typedInput = input as {
+        useEnv?: boolean;
+        channelAccessToken?: string;
+        channelSecret?: string;
+        tokenFile?: string;
+        secretFile?: string;
+      };
+      if (typedInput.useEnv && accountId !== DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID) {
+        return "LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN can only be used for the default account.";
+      }
+      if (!typedInput.useEnv && !typedInput.channelAccessToken && !typedInput.tokenFile) {
+        return "LINE requires channelAccessToken or --token-file (or --use-env).";
+      }
+      if (!typedInput.useEnv && !typedInput.channelSecret && !typedInput.secretFile) {
+        return "LINE requires channelSecret or --secret-file (or --use-env).";
+      }
+      return null;
+    },
+    applyAccountConfig: ({ cfg, accountId, input }) => {
+      const typedInput = input as {
+        name?: string;
+        useEnv?: boolean;
+        channelAccessToken?: string;
+        channelSecret?: string;
+        tokenFile?: string;
+        secretFile?: string;
+      };
+      const lineConfig = (cfg.channels?.line ?? {}) as LineConfig;
+
+      if (accountId === DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID) {
+        return {
+          ...cfg,
+          channels: {
+            ...cfg.channels,
+            line: {
+              ...lineConfig,
+              enabled: true,
+              ...(typedInput.name ? { name: typedInput.name } : {}),
+              ...(typedInput.useEnv
+                ? {}
+                : typedInput.tokenFile
+                  ? { tokenFile: typedInput.tokenFile }
+                  : typedInput.channelAccessToken
+                    ? { channelAccessToken: typedInput.channelAccessToken }
+                    : {}),
+              ...(typedInput.useEnv
+                ? {}
+                : typedInput.secretFile
+                  ? { secretFile: typedInput.secretFile }
+                  : typedInput.channelSecret
+                    ? { channelSecret: typedInput.channelSecret }
+                    : {}),
+            },
+          },
+        };
+      }
+
+      return {
+        ...cfg,
+        channels: {
+          ...cfg.channels,
+          line: {
+            ...lineConfig,
+            enabled: true,
+            accounts: {
+              ...lineConfig.accounts,
+              [accountId]: {
+                ...lineConfig.accounts?.[accountId],
+                enabled: true,
+                ...(typedInput.name ? { name: typedInput.name } : {}),
+                ...(typedInput.tokenFile
+                  ? { tokenFile: typedInput.tokenFile }
+                  : typedInput.channelAccessToken
+                    ? { channelAccessToken: typedInput.channelAccessToken }
+                    : {}),
+                ...(typedInput.secretFile
+                  ? { secretFile: typedInput.secretFile }
+                  : typedInput.channelSecret
+                    ? { channelSecret: typedInput.channelSecret }
+                    : {}),
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      };
+    },
+  },
+  outbound: {
+    deliveryMode: "direct",
+    chunker: (text, limit) => getLineRuntime().channel.text.chunkMarkdownText(text, limit),
+    textChunkLimit: 5000, // LINE allows up to 5000 characters per text message
+    sendPayload: async ({ to, payload, accountId, cfg }) => {
+      const runtime = getLineRuntime();
+      const lineData = (payload.channelData?.line as LineChannelData | undefined) ?? {};
+      const sendText = runtime.channel.line.pushMessageLine;
+      const sendBatch = runtime.channel.line.pushMessagesLine;
+      const sendFlex = runtime.channel.line.pushFlexMessage;
+      const sendTemplate = runtime.channel.line.pushTemplateMessage;
+      const sendLocation = runtime.channel.line.pushLocationMessage;
+      const sendQuickReplies = runtime.channel.line.pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies;
+      const buildTemplate = runtime.channel.line.buildTemplateMessageFromPayload;
+      const createQuickReplyItems = runtime.channel.line.createQuickReplyItems;
+
+      let lastResult: { messageId: string; chatId: string } | null = null;
+      const hasQuickReplies = Boolean(lineData.quickReplies?.length);
+      const quickReply = hasQuickReplies
+        ? createQuickReplyItems(lineData.quickReplies!)
+        : undefined;
+
+      const sendMessageBatch = async (messages: Array<Record<string, unknown>>) => {
+        if (messages.length === 0) return;
+        for (let i = 0; i < messages.length; i += 5) {
+          const result = await sendBatch(to, messages.slice(i, i + 5), {
+            verbose: false,
+            accountId: accountId ?? undefined,
+          });
+          lastResult = { messageId: result.messageId, chatId: result.chatId };
+        }
+      };
+
+      const processed = payload.text
+        ? processLineMessage(payload.text)
+        : { text: "", flexMessages: [] };
+
+      const chunkLimit =
+        runtime.channel.text.resolveTextChunkLimit?.(
+          cfg,
+          "line",
+          accountId ?? undefined,
+          {
+            fallbackLimit: 5000,
+          },
+        ) ?? 5000;
+
+      const chunks = processed.text
+        ? runtime.channel.text.chunkMarkdownText(processed.text, chunkLimit)
+        : [];
+      const mediaUrls = payload.mediaUrls ?? (payload.mediaUrl ? [payload.mediaUrl] : []);
+      const shouldSendQuickRepliesInline = chunks.length === 0 && hasQuickReplies;
+
+      if (!shouldSendQuickRepliesInline) {
+        if (lineData.flexMessage) {
+          lastResult = await sendFlex(
+            to,
+            lineData.flexMessage.altText,
+            lineData.flexMessage.contents,
+            {
+              verbose: false,
+              accountId: accountId ?? undefined,
+            },
+          );
+        }
+
+        if (lineData.templateMessage) {
+          const template = buildTemplate(lineData.templateMessage);
+          if (template) {
+            lastResult = await sendTemplate(to, template, {
+              verbose: false,
+              accountId: accountId ?? undefined,
+            });
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (lineData.location) {
+          lastResult = await sendLocation(to, lineData.location, {
+            verbose: false,
+            accountId: accountId ?? undefined,
+          });
+        }
+
+        for (const flexMsg of processed.flexMessages) {
+          lastResult = await sendFlex(to, flexMsg.altText, flexMsg.contents, {
+            verbose: false,
+            accountId: accountId ?? undefined,
+          });
+        }
+      }
+
+      const sendMediaAfterText = !(hasQuickReplies && chunks.length > 0);
+      if (mediaUrls.length > 0 && !shouldSendQuickRepliesInline && !sendMediaAfterText) {
+        for (const url of mediaUrls) {
+          lastResult = await runtime.channel.line.sendMessageLine(to, "", {
+            verbose: false,
+            mediaUrl: url,
+            accountId: accountId ?? undefined,
+          });
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (chunks.length > 0) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < chunks.length; i += 1) {
+          const isLast = i === chunks.length - 1;
+          if (isLast && hasQuickReplies) {
+            lastResult = await sendQuickReplies(to, chunks[i]!, lineData.quickReplies!, {
+              verbose: false,
+              accountId: accountId ?? undefined,
+            });
+          } else {
+            lastResult = await sendText(to, chunks[i]!, {
+              verbose: false,
+              accountId: accountId ?? undefined,
+            });
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (shouldSendQuickRepliesInline) {
+        const quickReplyMessages: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = [];
+        if (lineData.flexMessage) {
+          quickReplyMessages.push({
+            type: "flex",
+            altText: lineData.flexMessage.altText.slice(0, 400),
+            contents: lineData.flexMessage.contents,
+          });
+        }
+        if (lineData.templateMessage) {
+          const template = buildTemplate(lineData.templateMessage);
+          if (template) {
+            quickReplyMessages.push(template);
+          }
+        }
+        if (lineData.location) {
+          quickReplyMessages.push({
+            type: "location",
+            title: lineData.location.title.slice(0, 100),
+            address: lineData.location.address.slice(0, 100),
+            latitude: lineData.location.latitude,
+            longitude: lineData.location.longitude,
+          });
+        }
+        for (const flexMsg of processed.flexMessages) {
+          quickReplyMessages.push({
+            type: "flex",
+            altText: flexMsg.altText.slice(0, 400),
+            contents: flexMsg.contents,
+          });
+        }
+        for (const url of mediaUrls) {
+          const trimmed = url?.trim();
+          if (!trimmed) continue;
+          quickReplyMessages.push({
+            type: "image",
+            originalContentUrl: trimmed,
+            previewImageUrl: trimmed,
+          });
+        }
+        if (quickReplyMessages.length > 0 && quickReply) {
+          const lastIndex = quickReplyMessages.length - 1;
+          quickReplyMessages[lastIndex] = {
+            ...quickReplyMessages[lastIndex],
+            quickReply,
+          };
+          await sendMessageBatch(quickReplyMessages);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (mediaUrls.length > 0 && !shouldSendQuickRepliesInline && sendMediaAfterText) {
+        for (const url of mediaUrls) {
+          lastResult = await runtime.channel.line.sendMessageLine(to, "", {
+            verbose: false,
+            mediaUrl: url,
+            accountId: accountId ?? undefined,
+          });
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (lastResult) return { channel: "line", ...lastResult };
+      return { channel: "line", messageId: "empty", chatId: to };
+    },
+    sendText: async ({ to, text, accountId }) => {
+      const runtime = getLineRuntime();
+      const sendText = runtime.channel.line.pushMessageLine;
+      const sendFlex = runtime.channel.line.pushFlexMessage;
+
+      // Process markdown: extract tables/code blocks, strip formatting
+      const processed = processLineMessage(text);
+
+      // Send cleaned text first (if non-empty)
+      let result: { messageId: string; chatId: string };
+      if (processed.text.trim()) {
+        result = await sendText(to, processed.text, {
+          verbose: false,
+          accountId: accountId ?? undefined,
+        });
+      } else {
+        // If text is empty after processing, still need a result
+        result = { messageId: "processed", chatId: to };
+      }
+
+      // Send flex messages for tables/code blocks
+      for (const flexMsg of processed.flexMessages) {
+        await sendFlex(to, flexMsg.altText, flexMsg.contents, {
+          verbose: false,
+          accountId: accountId ?? undefined,
+        });
+      }
+
+      return { channel: "line", ...result };
+    },
+    sendMedia: async ({ to, text, mediaUrl, accountId }) => {
+      const send = getLineRuntime().channel.line.sendMessageLine;
+      const result = await send(to, text, {
+        verbose: false,
+        mediaUrl,
+        accountId: accountId ?? undefined,
+      });
+      return { channel: "line", ...result };
+    },
+  },
+  status: {
+    defaultRuntime: {
+      accountId: DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID,
+      running: false,
+      lastStartAt: null,
+      lastStopAt: null,
+      lastError: null,
+    },
+    collectStatusIssues: ({ account }) => {
+      const issues: Array<{ level: "error" | "warning"; message: string }> = [];
+      if (!account.channelAccessToken?.trim()) {
+        issues.push({
+          level: "error",
+          message: "LINE channel access token not configured",
+        });
+      }
+      if (!account.channelSecret?.trim()) {
+        issues.push({
+          level: "error",
+          message: "LINE channel secret not configured",
+        });
+      }
+      return issues;
+    },
+    buildChannelSummary: ({ snapshot }) => ({
+      configured: snapshot.configured ?? false,
+      tokenSource: snapshot.tokenSource ?? "none",
+      running: snapshot.running ?? false,
+      mode: snapshot.mode ?? null,
+      lastStartAt: snapshot.lastStartAt ?? null,
+      lastStopAt: snapshot.lastStopAt ?? null,
+      lastError: snapshot.lastError ?? null,
+      probe: snapshot.probe,
+      lastProbeAt: snapshot.lastProbeAt ?? null,
+    }),
+    probeAccount: async ({ account, timeoutMs }) =>
+      getLineRuntime().channel.line.probeLineBot(account.channelAccessToken, timeoutMs),
+    buildAccountSnapshot: ({ account, runtime, probe }) => {
+      const configured = Boolean(account.channelAccessToken?.trim());
+      return {
+        accountId: account.accountId,
+        name: account.name,
+        enabled: account.enabled,
+        configured,
+        tokenSource: account.tokenSource,
+        running: runtime?.running ?? false,
+        lastStartAt: runtime?.lastStartAt ?? null,
+        lastStopAt: runtime?.lastStopAt ?? null,
+        lastError: runtime?.lastError ?? null,
+        mode: "webhook",
+        probe,
+        lastInboundAt: runtime?.lastInboundAt ?? null,
+        lastOutboundAt: runtime?.lastOutboundAt ?? null,
+      };
+    },
+  },
+  gateway: {
+    startAccount: async (ctx) => {
+      const account = ctx.account;
+      const token = account.channelAccessToken.trim();
+      const secret = account.channelSecret.trim();
+
+      let lineBotLabel = "";
+      try {
+        const probe = await getLineRuntime().channel.line.probeLineBot(token, 2500);
+        const displayName = probe.ok ? probe.bot?.displayName?.trim() : null;
+        if (displayName) lineBotLabel = ` (${displayName})`;
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (getLineRuntime().logging.shouldLogVerbose()) {
+          ctx.log?.debug?.(`[${account.accountId}] bot probe failed: ${String(err)}`);
+        }
+      }
+
+      ctx.log?.info(`[${account.accountId}] starting LINE provider${lineBotLabel}`);
+
+      return getLineRuntime().channel.line.monitorLineProvider({
+        channelAccessToken: token,
+        channelSecret: secret,
+        accountId: account.accountId,
+        config: ctx.cfg,
+        runtime: ctx.runtime,
+        abortSignal: ctx.abortSignal,
+        webhookPath: account.config.webhookPath,
+      });
+    },
+    logoutAccount: async ({ accountId, cfg }) => {
+      const envToken = process.env.LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN?.trim() ?? "";
+      const nextCfg = { ...cfg } as ClawdbotConfig;
+      const lineConfig = (cfg.channels?.line ?? {}) as LineConfig;
+      const nextLine = { ...lineConfig };
+      let cleared = false;
+      let changed = false;
+
+      if (accountId === DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID) {
+        if (
+          nextLine.channelAccessToken ||
+          nextLine.channelSecret ||
+          nextLine.tokenFile ||
+          nextLine.secretFile
+        ) {
+          delete nextLine.channelAccessToken;
+          delete nextLine.channelSecret;
+          delete nextLine.tokenFile;
+          delete nextLine.secretFile;
+          cleared = true;
+          changed = true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      const accounts = nextLine.accounts ? { ...nextLine.accounts } : undefined;
+      if (accounts && accountId in accounts) {
+        const entry = accounts[accountId];
+        if (entry && typeof entry === "object") {
+          const nextEntry = { ...entry } as Record<string, unknown>;
+          if (
+            "channelAccessToken" in nextEntry ||
+            "channelSecret" in nextEntry ||
+            "tokenFile" in nextEntry ||
+            "secretFile" in nextEntry
+          ) {
+            cleared = true;
+            delete nextEntry.channelAccessToken;
+            delete nextEntry.channelSecret;
+            delete nextEntry.tokenFile;
+            delete nextEntry.secretFile;
+            changed = true;
+          }
+          if (Object.keys(nextEntry).length === 0) {
+            delete accounts[accountId];
+            changed = true;
+          } else {
+            accounts[accountId] = nextEntry as typeof entry;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (accounts) {
+        if (Object.keys(accounts).length === 0) {
+          delete nextLine.accounts;
+          changed = true;
+        } else {
+          nextLine.accounts = accounts;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (changed) {
+        if (Object.keys(nextLine).length > 0) {
+          nextCfg.channels = { ...nextCfg.channels, line: nextLine };
+        } else {
+          const nextChannels = { ...nextCfg.channels };
+          delete (nextChannels as Record<string, unknown>).line;
+          if (Object.keys(nextChannels).length > 0) {
+            nextCfg.channels = nextChannels;
+          } else {
+            delete nextCfg.channels;
+          }
+        }
+        await getLineRuntime().config.writeConfigFile(nextCfg);
+      }
+
+      const resolved = getLineRuntime().channel.line.resolveLineAccount({
+        cfg: changed ? nextCfg : cfg,
+        accountId,
+      });
+      const loggedOut = resolved.tokenSource === "none";
+
+      return { cleared, envToken: Boolean(envToken), loggedOut };
+    },
+  },
+  agentPrompt: {
+    messageToolHints: () => [
+      "",
+      "### LINE Rich Messages",
+      "LINE supports rich visual messages. Use these directives in your reply when appropriate:",
+      "",
+      "**Quick Replies** (bottom button suggestions):",
+      "  [[quick_replies: Option 1, Option 2, Option 3]]",
+      "",
+      "**Location** (map pin):",
+      "  [[location: Place Name | Address | latitude | longitude]]",
+      "",
+      "**Confirm Dialog** (yes/no prompt):",
+      "  [[confirm: Question text? | Yes Label | No Label]]",
+      "",
+      "**Button Menu** (title + text + buttons):",
+      "  [[buttons: Title | Description | Btn1:action1, Btn2:https://url.com]]",
+      "",
+      "**Media Player Card** (music status):",
+      "  [[media_player: Song Title | Artist Name | Source | https://albumart.url | playing]]",
+      "  - Status: 'playing' or 'paused' (optional)",
+      "",
+      "**Event Card** (calendar events, meetings):",
+      "  [[event: Event Title | Date | Time | Location | Description]]",
+      "  - Time, Location, Description are optional",
+      "",
+      "**Agenda Card** (multiple events/schedule):",
+      "  [[agenda: Schedule Title | Event1:9:00 AM, Event2:12:00 PM, Event3:3:00 PM]]",
+      "",
+      "**Device Control Card** (smart devices, TVs, etc.):",
+      "  [[device: Device Name | Device Type | Status | Control1:data1, Control2:data2]]",
+      "",
+      "**Apple TV Remote** (full D-pad + transport):",
+      "  [[appletv_remote: Apple TV | Playing]]",
+      "",
+      "**Auto-converted**: Markdown tables become Flex cards, code blocks become styled cards.",
+      "",
+      "When to use rich messages:",
+      "- Use [[quick_replies:...]] when offering 2-4 clear options",
+      "- Use [[confirm:...]] for yes/no decisions",
+      "- Use [[buttons:...]] for menus with actions/links",
+      "- Use [[location:...]] when sharing a place",
+      "- Use [[media_player:...]] when showing what's playing",
+      "- Use [[event:...]] for calendar event details",
+      "- Use [[agenda:...]] for a day's schedule or event list",
+      "- Use [[device:...]] for smart device status/controls",
+      "- Tables/code in your response auto-convert to visual cards",
+    ],
+  },
+};

extensions/line/src/runtime.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import type { PluginRuntime } from "clawdbot/plugin-sdk";
+
+let runtime: PluginRuntime | null = null;
+
+export function setLineRuntime(r: PluginRuntime): void {
+  runtime = r;
+}
+
+export function getLineRuntime(): PluginRuntime {
+  if (!runtime) {
+    throw new Error("LINE runtime not initialized - plugin not registered");
+  }
+  return runtime;
+}

package.json

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
     "dist/signal/**",
     "dist/slack/**",
     "dist/telegram/**",
+    "dist/line/**",
     "dist/tui/**",
     "dist/tts/**",
     "dist/web/**",
@@ -154,6 +155,7 @@
     "@grammyjs/runner": "^2.0.3",
     "@grammyjs/transformer-throttler": "^1.2.1",
     "@homebridge/ciao": "^1.3.4",
+    "@line/bot-sdk": "^10.6.0",
     "@lydell/node-pty": "1.2.0-beta.3",
     "@mariozechner/pi-agent-core": "0.49.3",
     "@mariozechner/pi-ai": "0.49.3",

pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ importers:
       '@homebridge/ciao':
         specifier: ^1.3.4
         version: 1.3.4
+      '@line/bot-sdk':
+        specifier: ^10.6.0
+        version: 10.6.0
       '@lydell/node-pty':
         specifier: 1.2.0-beta.3
         version: 1.2.0-beta.3
@@ -317,6 +320,12 @@ importers:
 
   extensions/imessage: {}
 
+  extensions/line:
+    devDependencies:
+      clawdbot:
+        specifier: workspace:*
+        version: link:../..
+
   extensions/llm-task: {}
 
   extensions/lobster: {}
@@ -1260,6 +1269,10 @@ packages:
     peerDependencies:
       apache-arrow: '>=15.0.0 <=18.1.0'
 
+  '@line/bot-sdk@10.6.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-4hSpglL/G/cW2JCcohaYz/BS0uOSJNV9IEYdMm0EiPEvDLayoI2hGq2D86uYPQFD2gvgkyhmzdShpWLG3P5r3w==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20'}
+
   '@lit-labs/signals@0.2.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-68plyIbciumbwKaiilhLNyhz4Vg6/+nJwDufG2xxWA9r/fUw58jxLHCAlKs+q1CE5Lmh3cZ3ShyYKnOCebEpVA==}
 
@@ -2647,6 +2660,9 @@ packages:
   '@types/node@20.19.30':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-WJtwWJu7UdlvzEAUm484QNg5eAoq5QR08KDNx7g45Usrs2NtOPiX8ugDqmKdXkyL03rBqU5dYNYVQetEpBHq2g==}
 
+  '@types/node@24.10.9':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-ne4A0IpG3+2ETuREInjPNhUGis1SFjv1d5asp8MzEAGtOZeTeHVDOYqOgqfhvseqg/iXty2hjBf1zAOb7RNiNw==}
+
   '@types/node@25.0.10':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-zWW5KPngR/yvakJgGOmZ5vTBemDoSqF3AcV/LrO5u5wTWyEAVVh+IT39G4gtyAkh3CtTZs8aX/yRM82OfzHJRg==}
 
@@ -6721,6 +6737,14 @@ snapshots:
       '@lancedb/lancedb-win32-arm64-msvc': 0.23.0
       '@lancedb/lancedb-win32-x64-msvc': 0.23.0
 
+  '@line/bot-sdk@10.6.0':
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/node': 24.10.9
+    optionalDependencies:
+      axios: 1.13.2(debug@4.4.3)
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - debug
+
   '@lit-labs/signals@0.2.0':
     dependencies:
       lit: 3.3.2
@@ -8298,6 +8322,10 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       undici-types: 6.21.0
 
+  '@types/node@24.10.9':
+    dependencies:
+      undici-types: 7.16.0
+
   '@types/node@25.0.10':
     dependencies:
       undici-types: 7.16.0

src/agents/model-catalog.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ export type ModelCatalogEntry = {
   provider: string;
   contextWindow?: number;
   reasoning?: boolean;
+  input?: Array<"text" | "image">;
 };
 
 type DiscoveredModel = {
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ type DiscoveredModel = {
   provider: string;
   contextWindow?: number;
   reasoning?: boolean;
+  input?: Array<"text" | "image">;
 };
 
 type PiSdkModule = typeof import("@mariozechner/pi-coding-agent");
@@ -80,7 +82,10 @@ export async function loadModelCatalog(params?: {
             ? entry.contextWindow
             : undefined;
         const reasoning = typeof entry?.reasoning === "boolean" ? entry.reasoning : undefined;
-        models.push({ id, name, provider, contextWindow, reasoning });
+        const input = Array.isArray(entry?.input)
+          ? (entry.input as Array<"text" | "image">)
+          : undefined;
+        models.push({ id, name, provider, contextWindow, reasoning, input });
       }
 
       if (models.length === 0) {
@@ -105,3 +110,27 @@ export async function loadModelCatalog(params?: {
 
   return modelCatalogPromise;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Check if a model supports image input based on its catalog entry.
+ */
+export function modelSupportsVision(entry: ModelCatalogEntry | undefined): boolean {
+  return entry?.input?.includes("image") ?? false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find a model in the catalog by provider and model ID.
+ */
+export function findModelInCatalog(
+  catalog: ModelCatalogEntry[],
+  provider: string,
+  modelId: string,
+): ModelCatalogEntry | undefined {
+  const normalizedProvider = provider.toLowerCase().trim();
+  const normalizedModelId = modelId.toLowerCase().trim();
+  return catalog.find(
+    (entry) =>
+      entry.provider.toLowerCase() === normalizedProvider &&
+      entry.id.toLowerCase() === normalizedModelId,
+  );
+}

src/agents/tools/message-tool.ts

@@ -333,7 +333,13 @@ export function createMessageTool(options?: MessageToolOptions): AnyAgentTool {
     name: "message",
     description,
     parameters: schema,
-    execute: async (_toolCallId, args) => {
+    execute: async (_toolCallId, args, signal) => {
+      // Check if already aborted before doing any work
+      if (signal?.aborted) {
+        const err = new Error("Message send aborted");
+        err.name = "AbortError";
+        throw err;
+      }
       const params = args as Record<string, unknown>;
       const cfg = options?.config ?? loadConfig();
       const action = readStringParam(params, "action", {
@@ -366,6 +372,9 @@ export function createMessageTool(options?: MessageToolOptions): AnyAgentTool {
               currentThreadTs: options?.currentThreadTs,
               replyToMode: options?.replyToMode,
               hasRepliedRef: options?.hasRepliedRef,
+              // Direct tool invocations should not add cross-context decoration.
+              // The agent is composing a message, not forwarding from another chat.
+              skipCrossContextDecoration: true,
             }
           : undefined;
 
@@ -379,6 +388,7 @@ export function createMessageTool(options?: MessageToolOptions): AnyAgentTool {
         agentId: options?.agentSessionKey
           ? resolveSessionAgentId({ sessionKey: options.agentSessionKey, config: cfg })
           : undefined,
+        abortSignal: signal,
       });
 
       const toolResult = getToolResult(result);

src/auto-reply/commands-registry.data.ts

@@ -178,6 +178,13 @@ function buildChatCommands(): ChatCommandDefinition[] {
       textAlias: "/context",
       acceptsArgs: true,
     }),
+    defineChatCommand({
+      key: "tts",
+      nativeName: "tts",
+      description: "Configure text-to-speech.",
+      textAlias: "/tts",
+      acceptsArgs: true,
+    }),
     defineChatCommand({
       key: "whoami",
       nativeName: "whoami",
@@ -279,27 +286,6 @@ function buildChatCommands(): ChatCommandDefinition[] {
       ],
       argsMenu: "auto",
     }),
-    defineChatCommand({
-      key: "tts",
-      nativeName: "tts",
-      description: "Control text-to-speech (TTS).",
-      textAlias: "/tts",
-      args: [
-        {
-          name: "action",
-          description: "on | off | status | provider | limit | summary | audio | help",
-          type: "string",
-          choices: ["on", "off", "status", "provider", "limit", "summary", "audio", "help"],
-        },
-        {
-          name: "value",
-          description: "Provider, limit, or text",
-          type: "string",
-          captureRemaining: true,
-        },
-      ],
-      argsMenu: "auto",
-    }),
     defineChatCommand({
       key: "stop",
       nativeName: "stop",

src/auto-reply/reply/commands-plugin.ts

@@ -15,10 +15,12 @@ import type { CommandHandler, CommandHandlerResult } from "./commands-types.js";
  */
 export const handlePluginCommand: CommandHandler = async (
   params,
-  _allowTextCommands,
+  allowTextCommands,
 ): Promise<CommandHandlerResult | null> => {
   const { command, cfg } = params;
 
+  if (!allowTextCommands) return null;
+
   // Try to match a plugin command
   const match = matchPluginCommand(command.commandBodyNormalized);
   if (!match) return null;
@@ -36,6 +38,6 @@ export const handlePluginCommand: CommandHandler = async (
 
   return {
     shouldContinue: false,
-    reply: { text: result.text },
+    reply: result,
   };
 };

src/auto-reply/reply/commands.test.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../agents/subagent-registry.js";
 import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../../config/config.js";
 import * as internalHooks from "../../hooks/internal-hooks.js";
+import { clearPluginCommands, registerPluginCommand } from "../../plugins/commands.js";
 import type { MsgContext } from "../templating.js";
 import { resetBashChatCommandForTests } from "./bash-command.js";
 import { buildCommandContext, handleCommands } from "./commands.js";
@@ -143,6 +144,29 @@ describe("handleCommands bash alias", () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe("handleCommands plugin commands", () => {
+  it("dispatches registered plugin commands", async () => {
+    clearPluginCommands();
+    const result = registerPluginCommand("test-plugin", {
+      name: "card",
+      description: "Test card",
+      handler: async () => ({ text: "from plugin" }),
+    });
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+
+    const cfg = {
+      commands: { text: true },
+      channels: { whatsapp: { allowFrom: ["*"] } },
+    } as ClawdbotConfig;
+    const params = buildParams("/card", cfg);
+    const commandResult = await handleCommands(params);
+
+    expect(commandResult.shouldContinue).toBe(false);
+    expect(commandResult.reply?.text).toBe("from plugin");
+    clearPluginCommands();
+  });
+});
+
 describe("handleCommands identity", () => {
   it("returns sender details for /whoami", async () => {
     const cfg = {

src/auto-reply/reply/line-directives.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { parseLineDirectives, hasLineDirectives } from "./line-directives.js";
+
+const getLineData = (result: ReturnType<typeof parseLineDirectives>) =>
+  (result.channelData?.line as Record<string, unknown> | undefined) ?? {};
+
+describe("hasLineDirectives", () => {
+  it("detects quick_replies directive", () => {
+    expect(hasLineDirectives("Here are options [[quick_replies: A, B, C]]")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("detects location directive", () => {
+    expect(hasLineDirectives("[[location: Place | Address | 35.6 | 139.7]]")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("detects confirm directive", () => {
+    expect(hasLineDirectives("[[confirm: Continue? | Yes | No]]")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("detects buttons directive", () => {
+    expect(hasLineDirectives("[[buttons: Menu | Choose | Opt1:data1, Opt2:data2]]")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false for regular text", () => {
+    expect(hasLineDirectives("Just regular text")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false for similar but invalid patterns", () => {
+    expect(hasLineDirectives("[[not_a_directive: something]]")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("detects media_player directive", () => {
+    expect(hasLineDirectives("[[media_player: Song | Artist | Speaker]]")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("detects event directive", () => {
+    expect(hasLineDirectives("[[event: Meeting | Jan 24 | 2pm]]")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("detects agenda directive", () => {
+    expect(hasLineDirectives("[[agenda: Today | Meeting:9am, Lunch:12pm]]")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("detects device directive", () => {
+    expect(hasLineDirectives("[[device: TV | Room]]")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("detects appletv_remote directive", () => {
+    expect(hasLineDirectives("[[appletv_remote: Apple TV | Playing]]")).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("parseLineDirectives", () => {
+  describe("quick_replies", () => {
+    it("parses quick_replies and removes from text", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "Choose one:\n[[quick_replies: Option A, Option B, Option C]]",
+      });
+
+      expect(getLineData(result).quickReplies).toEqual(["Option A", "Option B", "Option C"]);
+      expect(result.text).toBe("Choose one:");
+    });
+
+    it("handles quick_replies in middle of text", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "Before [[quick_replies: A, B]] After",
+      });
+
+      expect(getLineData(result).quickReplies).toEqual(["A", "B"]);
+      expect(result.text).toBe("Before  After");
+    });
+
+    it("merges with existing quickReplies", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "Text [[quick_replies: C, D]]",
+        channelData: { line: { quickReplies: ["A", "B"] } },
+      });
+
+      expect(getLineData(result).quickReplies).toEqual(["A", "B", "C", "D"]);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("location", () => {
+    it("parses location with all fields", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "Here's the location:\n[[location: Tokyo Station | Tokyo, Japan | 35.6812 | 139.7671]]",
+      });
+
+      expect(getLineData(result).location).toEqual({
+        title: "Tokyo Station",
+        address: "Tokyo, Japan",
+        latitude: 35.6812,
+        longitude: 139.7671,
+      });
+      expect(result.text).toBe("Here's the location:");
+    });
+
+    it("ignores invalid coordinates", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[location: Place | Address | invalid | 139.7]]",
+      });
+
+      expect(getLineData(result).location).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it("does not override existing location", () => {
+      const existing = { title: "Existing", address: "Addr", latitude: 1, longitude: 2 };
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[location: New | New Addr | 35.6 | 139.7]]",
+        channelData: { line: { location: existing } },
+      });
+
+      expect(getLineData(result).location).toEqual(existing);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("confirm", () => {
+    it("parses simple confirm", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[confirm: Delete this item? | Yes | No]]",
+      });
+
+      expect(getLineData(result).templateMessage).toEqual({
+        type: "confirm",
+        text: "Delete this item?",
+        confirmLabel: "Yes",
+        confirmData: "yes",
+        cancelLabel: "No",
+        cancelData: "no",
+        altText: "Delete this item?",
+      });
+      // Text is undefined when directive consumes entire text
+      expect(result.text).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it("parses confirm with custom data", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[confirm: Proceed? | OK:action=confirm | Cancel:action=cancel]]",
+      });
+
+      expect(getLineData(result).templateMessage).toEqual({
+        type: "confirm",
+        text: "Proceed?",
+        confirmLabel: "OK",
+        confirmData: "action=confirm",
+        cancelLabel: "Cancel",
+        cancelData: "action=cancel",
+        altText: "Proceed?",
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("buttons", () => {
+    it("parses buttons with message actions", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[buttons: Menu | Select an option | Help:/help, Status:/status]]",
+      });
+
+      expect(getLineData(result).templateMessage).toEqual({
+        type: "buttons",
+        title: "Menu",
+        text: "Select an option",
+        actions: [
+          { type: "message", label: "Help", data: "/help" },
+          { type: "message", label: "Status", data: "/status" },
+        ],
+        altText: "Menu: Select an option",
+      });
+    });
+
+    it("parses buttons with uri actions", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[buttons: Links | Visit us | Site:https://example.com]]",
+      });
+
+      const templateMessage = getLineData(result).templateMessage as {
+        type?: string;
+        actions?: Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+      };
+      expect(templateMessage?.type).toBe("buttons");
+      if (templateMessage?.type === "buttons") {
+        expect(templateMessage.actions?.[0]).toEqual({
+          type: "uri",
+          label: "Site",
+          uri: "https://example.com",
+        });
+      }
+    });
+
+    it("parses buttons with postback actions", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[buttons: Actions | Choose | Select:action=select&id=1]]",
+      });
+
+      const templateMessage = getLineData(result).templateMessage as {
+        type?: string;
+        actions?: Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+      };
+      expect(templateMessage?.type).toBe("buttons");
+      if (templateMessage?.type === "buttons") {
+        expect(templateMessage.actions?.[0]).toEqual({
+          type: "postback",
+          label: "Select",
+          data: "action=select&id=1",
+        });
+      }
+    });
+
+    it("limits to 4 actions", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[buttons: Menu | Text | A:a, B:b, C:c, D:d, E:e, F:f]]",
+      });
+
+      const templateMessage = getLineData(result).templateMessage as {
+        type?: string;
+        actions?: Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+      };
+      expect(templateMessage?.type).toBe("buttons");
+      if (templateMessage?.type === "buttons") {
+        expect(templateMessage.actions?.length).toBe(4);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("media_player", () => {
+    it("parses media_player with all fields", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "Now playing:\n[[media_player: Bohemian Rhapsody | Queen | Speaker | https://example.com/album.jpg | playing]]",
+      });
+
+      const flexMessage = getLineData(result).flexMessage as {
+        altText?: string;
+        contents?: { footer?: { contents?: unknown[] } };
+      };
+      expect(flexMessage).toBeDefined();
+      expect(flexMessage?.altText).toBe("🎵 Bohemian Rhapsody - Queen");
+      const contents = flexMessage?.contents as { footer?: { contents?: unknown[] } };
+      expect(contents.footer?.contents?.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(result.text).toBe("Now playing:");
+    });
+
+    it("parses media_player with minimal fields", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[media_player: Unknown Track]]",
+      });
+
+      const flexMessage = getLineData(result).flexMessage as { altText?: string };
+      expect(flexMessage).toBeDefined();
+      expect(flexMessage?.altText).toBe("🎵 Unknown Track");
+    });
+
+    it("handles paused status", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[media_player: Song | Artist | Player | | paused]]",
+      });
+
+      const flexMessage = getLineData(result).flexMessage as {
+        contents?: { body: { contents: unknown[] } };
+      };
+      expect(flexMessage).toBeDefined();
+      const contents = flexMessage?.contents as { body: { contents: unknown[] } };
+      expect(contents).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("event", () => {
+    it("parses event with all fields", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[event: Team Meeting | January 24, 2026 | 2:00 PM - 3:00 PM | Conference Room A | Discuss Q1 roadmap]]",
+      });
+
+      const flexMessage = getLineData(result).flexMessage as { altText?: string };
+      expect(flexMessage).toBeDefined();
+      expect(flexMessage?.altText).toBe("📅 Team Meeting - January 24, 2026 2:00 PM - 3:00 PM");
+    });
+
+    it("parses event with minimal fields", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[event: Birthday Party | March 15]]",
+      });
+
+      const flexMessage = getLineData(result).flexMessage as { altText?: string };
+      expect(flexMessage).toBeDefined();
+      expect(flexMessage?.altText).toBe("📅 Birthday Party - March 15");
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("agenda", () => {
+    it("parses agenda with multiple events", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[agenda: Today's Schedule | Team Meeting:9:00 AM, Lunch:12:00 PM, Review:3:00 PM]]",
+      });
+
+      const flexMessage = getLineData(result).flexMessage as { altText?: string };
+      expect(flexMessage).toBeDefined();
+      expect(flexMessage?.altText).toBe("📋 Today's Schedule (3 events)");
+    });
+
+    it("parses agenda with events without times", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[agenda: Tasks | Buy groceries, Call mom, Workout]]",
+      });
+
+      const flexMessage = getLineData(result).flexMessage as { altText?: string };
+      expect(flexMessage).toBeDefined();
+      expect(flexMessage?.altText).toBe("📋 Tasks (3 events)");
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("device", () => {
+    it("parses device with controls", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[device: TV | Streaming Box | Playing | Play/Pause:toggle, Menu:menu]]",
+      });
+
+      const flexMessage = getLineData(result).flexMessage as { altText?: string };
+      expect(flexMessage).toBeDefined();
+      expect(flexMessage?.altText).toBe("📱 TV: Playing");
+    });
+
+    it("parses device with minimal fields", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[device: Speaker]]",
+      });
+
+      const flexMessage = getLineData(result).flexMessage as { altText?: string };
+      expect(flexMessage).toBeDefined();
+      expect(flexMessage?.altText).toBe("📱 Speaker");
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("appletv_remote", () => {
+    it("parses appletv_remote with status", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[appletv_remote: Apple TV | Playing]]",
+      });
+
+      const flexMessage = getLineData(result).flexMessage as { altText?: string };
+      expect(flexMessage).toBeDefined();
+      expect(flexMessage?.altText).toContain("Apple TV");
+    });
+
+    it("parses appletv_remote with minimal fields", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "[[appletv_remote: Apple TV]]",
+      });
+
+      const flexMessage = getLineData(result).flexMessage as { altText?: string };
+      expect(flexMessage).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("combined directives", () => {
+    it("handles text with no directives", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "Just plain text here",
+      });
+
+      expect(result.text).toBe("Just plain text here");
+      expect(getLineData(result).quickReplies).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(getLineData(result).location).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(getLineData(result).templateMessage).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it("preserves other payload fields", () => {
+      const result = parseLineDirectives({
+        text: "Hello [[quick_replies: A, B]]",
+        mediaUrl: "https://example.com/image.jpg",
+        replyToId: "msg123",
+      });
+
+      expect(result.mediaUrl).toBe("https://example.com/image.jpg");
+      expect(result.replyToId).toBe("msg123");
+      expect(getLineData(result).quickReplies).toEqual(["A", "B"]);
+    });
+  });
+});

src/auto-reply/reply/line-directives.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+import type { ReplyPayload } from "../types.js";
+import type { LineChannelData } from "../../line/types.js";
+import {
+  createMediaPlayerCard,
+  createEventCard,
+  createAgendaCard,
+  createDeviceControlCard,
+  createAppleTvRemoteCard,
+} from "../../line/flex-templates.js";
+
+/**
+ * Parse LINE-specific directives from text and extract them into ReplyPayload fields.
+ *
+ * Supported directives:
+ * - [[quick_replies: option1, option2, option3]]
+ * - [[location: title | address | latitude | longitude]]
+ * - [[confirm: question | yes_label | no_label]]
+ * - [[buttons: title | text | btn1:data1, btn2:data2]]
+ * - [[media_player: title | artist | source | imageUrl | playing/paused]]
+ * - [[event: title | date | time | location | description]]
+ * - [[agenda: title | event1_title:event1_time, event2_title:event2_time, ...]]
+ * - [[device: name | type | status | ctrl1:data1, ctrl2:data2]]
+ * - [[appletv_remote: name | status]]
+ *
+ * Returns the modified payload with directives removed from text and fields populated.
+ */
+export function parseLineDirectives(payload: ReplyPayload): ReplyPayload {
+  let text = payload.text;
+  if (!text) return payload;
+
+  const result: ReplyPayload = { ...payload };
+  const lineData: LineChannelData = {
+    ...(result.channelData?.line as LineChannelData | undefined),
+  };
+  const toSlug = (value: string): string =>
+    value
+      .toLowerCase()
+      .replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, "_")
+      .replace(/^_+|_+$/g, "") || "device";
+  const lineActionData = (action: string, extras?: Record<string, string>): string => {
+    const base = [`line.action=${encodeURIComponent(action)}`];
+    if (extras) {
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(extras)) {
+        base.push(`${encodeURIComponent(key)}=${encodeURIComponent(value)}`);
+      }
+    }
+    return base.join("&");
+  };
+
+  // Parse [[quick_replies: option1, option2, option3]]
+  const quickRepliesMatch = text.match(/\[\[quick_replies:\s*([^\]]+)\]\]/i);
+  if (quickRepliesMatch) {
+    const options = quickRepliesMatch[1]
+      .split(",")
+      .map((s) => s.trim())
+      .filter(Boolean);
+    if (options.length > 0) {
+      lineData.quickReplies = [...(lineData.quickReplies || []), ...options];
+    }
+    text = text.replace(quickRepliesMatch[0], "").trim();
+  }
+
+  // Parse [[location: title | address | latitude | longitude]]
+  const locationMatch = text.match(/\[\[location:\s*([^\]]+)\]\]/i);
+  if (locationMatch && !lineData.location) {
+    const parts = locationMatch[1].split("|").map((s) => s.trim());
+    if (parts.length >= 4) {
+      const [title, address, latStr, lonStr] = parts;
+      const latitude = parseFloat(latStr);
+      const longitude = parseFloat(lonStr);
+      if (!isNaN(latitude) && !isNaN(longitude)) {
+        lineData.location = {
+          title: title || "Location",
+          address: address || "",
+          latitude,
+          longitude,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+    text = text.replace(locationMatch[0], "").trim();
+  }
+
+  // Parse [[confirm: question | yes_label | no_label]] or [[confirm: question | yes_label:yes_data | no_label:no_data]]
+  const confirmMatch = text.match(/\[\[confirm:\s*([^\]]+)\]\]/i);
+  if (confirmMatch && !lineData.templateMessage) {
+    const parts = confirmMatch[1].split("|").map((s) => s.trim());
+    if (parts.length >= 3) {
+      const [question, yesPart, noPart] = parts;
+
+      // Parse yes_label:yes_data format
+      const [yesLabel, yesData] = yesPart.includes(":")
+        ? yesPart.split(":").map((s) => s.trim())
+        : [yesPart, yesPart.toLowerCase()];
+
+      const [noLabel, noData] = noPart.includes(":")
+        ? noPart.split(":").map((s) => s.trim())
+        : [noPart, noPart.toLowerCase()];
+
+      lineData.templateMessage = {
+        type: "confirm",
+        text: question,
+        confirmLabel: yesLabel,
+        confirmData: yesData,
+        cancelLabel: noLabel,
+        cancelData: noData,
+        altText: question,
+      };
+    }
+    text = text.replace(confirmMatch[0], "").trim();
+  }
+
+  // Parse [[buttons: title | text | btn1:data1, btn2:data2]]
+  const buttonsMatch = text.match(/\[\[buttons:\s*([^\]]+)\]\]/i);
+  if (buttonsMatch && !lineData.templateMessage) {
+    const parts = buttonsMatch[1].split("|").map((s) => s.trim());
+    if (parts.length >= 3) {
+      const [title, bodyText, actionsStr] = parts;
+
+      const actions = actionsStr.split(",").map((actionStr) => {
+        const trimmed = actionStr.trim();
+        // Find first colon delimiter, ignoring URLs without a label.
+        const colonIndex = (() => {
+          const index = trimmed.indexOf(":");
+          if (index === -1) return -1;
+          const lower = trimmed.toLowerCase();
+          if (lower.startsWith("http://") || lower.startsWith("https://")) return -1;
+          return index;
+        })();
+
+        let label: string;
+        let data: string;
+
+        if (colonIndex === -1) {
+          label = trimmed;
+          data = trimmed;
+        } else {
+          label = trimmed.slice(0, colonIndex).trim();
+          data = trimmed.slice(colonIndex + 1).trim();
+        }
+
+        // Detect action type
+        if (data.startsWith("http://") || data.startsWith("https://")) {
+          return { type: "uri" as const, label, uri: data };
+        }
+        if (data.includes("=")) {
+          return { type: "postback" as const, label, data };
+        }
+        return { type: "message" as const, label, data: data || label };
+      });
+
+      if (actions.length > 0) {
+        lineData.templateMessage = {
+          type: "buttons",
+          title,
+          text: bodyText,
+          actions: actions.slice(0, 4), // LINE limit
+          altText: `${title}: ${bodyText}`,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+    text = text.replace(buttonsMatch[0], "").trim();
+  }
+
+  // Parse [[media_player: title | artist | source | imageUrl | playing/paused]]
+  const mediaPlayerMatch = text.match(/\[\[media_player:\s*([^\]]+)\]\]/i);
+  if (mediaPlayerMatch && !lineData.flexMessage) {
+    const parts = mediaPlayerMatch[1].split("|").map((s) => s.trim());
+    if (parts.length >= 1) {
+      const [title, artist, source, imageUrl, statusStr] = parts;
+      const isPlaying = statusStr?.toLowerCase() === "playing";
+
+      // LINE requires HTTPS URLs for images - skip local/HTTP URLs
+      const validImageUrl = imageUrl?.startsWith("https://") ? imageUrl : undefined;
+
+      const deviceKey = toSlug(source || title || "media");
+      const card = createMediaPlayerCard({
+        title: title || "Unknown Track",
+        subtitle: artist || undefined,
+        source: source || undefined,
+        imageUrl: validImageUrl,
+        isPlaying: statusStr ? isPlaying : undefined,
+        controls: {
+          previous: { data: lineActionData("previous", { "line.device": deviceKey }) },
+          play: { data: lineActionData("play", { "line.device": deviceKey }) },
+          pause: { data: lineActionData("pause", { "line.device": deviceKey }) },
+          next: { data: lineActionData("next", { "line.device": deviceKey }) },
+        },
+      });
+
+      lineData.flexMessage = {
+        altText: `🎵 ${title}${artist ? ` - ${artist}` : ""}`,
+        contents: card,
+      };
+    }
+    text = text.replace(mediaPlayerMatch[0], "").trim();
+  }
+
+  // Parse [[event: title | date | time | location | description]]
+  const eventMatch = text.match(/\[\[event:\s*([^\]]+)\]\]/i);
+  if (eventMatch && !lineData.flexMessage) {
+    const parts = eventMatch[1].split("|").map((s) => s.trim());
+    if (parts.length >= 2) {
+      const [title, date, time, location, description] = parts;
+
+      const card = createEventCard({
+        title: title || "Event",
+        date: date || "TBD",
+        time: time || undefined,
+        location: location || undefined,
+        description: description || undefined,
+      });
+
+      lineData.flexMessage = {
+        altText: `📅 ${title} - ${date}${time ? ` ${time}` : ""}`,
+        contents: card,
+      };
+    }
+    text = text.replace(eventMatch[0], "").trim();
+  }
+
+  // Parse [[appletv_remote: name | status]]
+  const appleTvMatch = text.match(/\[\[appletv_remote:\s*([^\]]+)\]\]/i);
+  if (appleTvMatch && !lineData.flexMessage) {
+    const parts = appleTvMatch[1].split("|").map((s) => s.trim());
+    if (parts.length >= 1) {
+      const [deviceName, status] = parts;
+      const deviceKey = toSlug(deviceName || "apple_tv");
+
+      const card = createAppleTvRemoteCard({
+        deviceName: deviceName || "Apple TV",
+        status: status || undefined,
+        actionData: {
+          up: lineActionData("up", { "line.device": deviceKey }),
+          down: lineActionData("down", { "line.device": deviceKey }),
+          left: lineActionData("left", { "line.device": deviceKey }),
+          right: lineActionData("right", { "line.device": deviceKey }),
+          select: lineActionData("select", { "line.device": deviceKey }),
+          menu: lineActionData("menu", { "line.device": deviceKey }),
+          home: lineActionData("home", { "line.device": deviceKey }),
+          play: lineActionData("play", { "line.device": deviceKey }),
+          pause: lineActionData("pause", { "line.device": deviceKey }),
+          volumeUp: lineActionData("volume_up", { "line.device": deviceKey }),
+          volumeDown: lineActionData("volume_down", { "line.device": deviceKey }),
+          mute: lineActionData("mute", { "line.device": deviceKey }),
+        },
+      });
+
+      lineData.flexMessage = {
+        altText: `📺 ${deviceName || "Apple TV"} Remote`,
+        contents: card,
+      };
+    }
+    text = text.replace(appleTvMatch[0], "").trim();
+  }
+
+  // Parse [[agenda: title | event1_title:event1_time, event2_title:event2_time, ...]]
+  const agendaMatch = text.match(/\[\[agenda:\s*([^\]]+)\]\]/i);
+  if (agendaMatch && !lineData.flexMessage) {
+    const parts = agendaMatch[1].split("|").map((s) => s.trim());
+    if (parts.length >= 2) {
+      const [title, eventsStr] = parts;
+
+      const events = eventsStr.split(",").map((eventStr) => {
+        const trimmed = eventStr.trim();
+        const colonIdx = trimmed.lastIndexOf(":");
+        if (colonIdx > 0) {
+          return {
+            title: trimmed.slice(0, colonIdx).trim(),
+            time: trimmed.slice(colonIdx + 1).trim(),
+          };
+        }
+        return { title: trimmed };
+      });
+
+      const card = createAgendaCard({
+        title: title || "Agenda",
+        events,
+      });
+
+      lineData.flexMessage = {
+        altText: `📋 ${title} (${events.length} events)`,
+        contents: card,
+      };
+    }
+    text = text.replace(agendaMatch[0], "").trim();
+  }
+
+  // Parse [[device: name | type | status | ctrl1:data1, ctrl2:data2]]
+  const deviceMatch = text.match(/\[\[device:\s*([^\]]+)\]\]/i);
+  if (deviceMatch && !lineData.flexMessage) {
+    const parts = deviceMatch[1].split("|").map((s) => s.trim());
+    if (parts.length >= 1) {
+      const [deviceName, deviceType, status, controlsStr] = parts;
+
+      const deviceKey = toSlug(deviceName || "device");
+      const controls = controlsStr
+        ? controlsStr.split(",").map((ctrlStr) => {
+            const [label, data] = ctrlStr.split(":").map((s) => s.trim());
+            const action = data || label.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, "_");
+            return { label, data: lineActionData(action, { "line.device": deviceKey }) };
+          })
+        : [];
+
+      const card = createDeviceControlCard({
+        deviceName: deviceName || "Device",
+        deviceType: deviceType || undefined,
+        status: status || undefined,
+        controls,
+      });
+
+      lineData.flexMessage = {
+        altText: `📱 ${deviceName}${status ? `: ${status}` : ""}`,
+        contents: card,
+      };
+    }
+    text = text.replace(deviceMatch[0], "").trim();
+  }
+
+  // Clean up multiple whitespace/newlines
+  text = text.replace(/\n{3,}/g, "\n\n").trim();
+
+  result.text = text || undefined;
+  if (Object.keys(lineData).length > 0) {
+    result.channelData = { ...result.channelData, line: lineData };
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if text contains any LINE directives
+ */
+export function hasLineDirectives(text: string): boolean {
+  return /\[\[(quick_replies|location|confirm|buttons|media_player|event|agenda|device|appletv_remote):/i.test(
+    text,
+  );
+}

src/auto-reply/reply/normalize-reply.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import { normalizeReplyPayload } from "./normalize-reply.js";
+
+// Keep channelData-only payloads so channel-specific replies survive normalization.
+describe("normalizeReplyPayload", () => {
+  it("keeps channelData-only replies", () => {
+    const payload = {
+      channelData: {
+        line: {
+          flexMessage: { type: "bubble" },
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    const normalized = normalizeReplyPayload(payload);
+
+    expect(normalized).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(normalized?.text).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(normalized?.channelData).toEqual(payload.channelData);
+  });
+});

src/auto-reply/reply/normalize-reply.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   resolveResponsePrefixTemplate,
   type ResponsePrefixContext,
 } from "./response-prefix-template.js";
+import { hasLineDirectives, parseLineDirectives } from "./line-directives.js";
 
 export type NormalizeReplyOptions = {
   responsePrefix?: string;
@@ -21,13 +22,16 @@ export function normalizeReplyPayload(
   opts: NormalizeReplyOptions = {},
 ): ReplyPayload | null {
   const hasMedia = Boolean(payload.mediaUrl || (payload.mediaUrls?.length ?? 0) > 0);
+  const hasChannelData = Boolean(
+    payload.channelData && Object.keys(payload.channelData).length > 0,
+  );
   const trimmed = payload.text?.trim() ?? "";
-  if (!trimmed && !hasMedia) return null;
+  if (!trimmed && !hasMedia && !hasChannelData) return null;
 
   const silentToken = opts.silentToken ?? SILENT_REPLY_TOKEN;
   let text = payload.text ?? undefined;
   if (text && isSilentReplyText(text, silentToken)) {
-    if (!hasMedia) return null;
+    if (!hasMedia && !hasChannelData) return null;
     text = "";
   }
   if (text && !trimmed) {
@@ -39,14 +43,21 @@ export function normalizeReplyPayload(
   if (shouldStripHeartbeat && text?.includes(HEARTBEAT_TOKEN)) {
     const stripped = stripHeartbeatToken(text, { mode: "message" });
     if (stripped.didStrip) opts.onHeartbeatStrip?.();
-    if (stripped.shouldSkip && !hasMedia) return null;
+    if (stripped.shouldSkip && !hasMedia && !hasChannelData) return null;
     text = stripped.text;
   }
 
   if (text) {
     text = sanitizeUserFacingText(text);
   }
-  if (!text?.trim() && !hasMedia) return null;
+  if (!text?.trim() && !hasMedia && !hasChannelData) return null;
+
+  // Parse LINE-specific directives from text (quick_replies, location, confirm, buttons)
+  let enrichedPayload: ReplyPayload = { ...payload, text };
+  if (text && hasLineDirectives(text)) {
+    enrichedPayload = parseLineDirectives(enrichedPayload);
+    text = enrichedPayload.text;
+  }
 
   // Resolve template variables in responsePrefix if context is provided
   const effectivePrefix = opts.responsePrefixContext
@@ -62,5 +73,5 @@ export function normalizeReplyPayload(
     text = `${effectivePrefix} ${text}`;
   }
 
-  return { ...payload, text };
+  return { ...enrichedPayload, text };
 }

src/auto-reply/reply/reply-payloads.ts

@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ export function isRenderablePayload(payload: ReplyPayload): boolean {
     payload.text ||
     payload.mediaUrl ||
     (payload.mediaUrls && payload.mediaUrls.length > 0) ||
-    payload.audioAsVoice,
+    payload.audioAsVoice ||
+    payload.channelData,
   );
 }
 

src/auto-reply/reply/route-reply.test.ts

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ const createRegistry = (channels: PluginRegistry["channels"]): PluginRegistry =>
   providers: [],
   gatewayHandlers: {},
   httpHandlers: [],
+  httpRoutes: [],
   cliRegistrars: [],
   services: [],
   diagnostics: [],

src/auto-reply/status.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import {
 } from "../utils/usage-format.js";
 import { VERSION } from "../version.js";
 import { listChatCommands, listChatCommandsForConfig } from "./commands-registry.js";
+import { listPluginCommands } from "../plugins/commands.js";
 import type { SkillCommandSpec } from "../agents/skills.js";
 import type { ElevatedLevel, ReasoningLevel, ThinkLevel, VerboseLevel } from "./thinking.js";
 import type { MediaUnderstandingDecision } from "../media-understanding/types.js";
@@ -473,5 +474,14 @@ export function buildCommandsMessage(
     const scopeLabel = command.scope === "text" ? " (text-only)" : "";
     lines.push(`${primary}${aliasLabel}${scopeLabel} - ${command.description}`);
   }
+  const pluginCommands = listPluginCommands();
+  if (pluginCommands.length > 0) {
+    lines.push("");
+    lines.push("Plugin commands:");
+    for (const command of pluginCommands) {
+      const pluginLabel = command.pluginId ? ` (plugin: ${command.pluginId})` : "";
+      lines.push(`/${command.name}${pluginLabel} - ${command.description}`);
+    }
+  }
   return lines.join("\n");
 }

src/auto-reply/types.ts

@@ -52,4 +52,6 @@ export type ReplyPayload = {
   /** Send audio as voice message (bubble) instead of audio file. Defaults to false. */
   audioAsVoice?: boolean;
   isError?: boolean;
+  /** Channel-specific payload data (per-channel envelope). */
+  channelData?: Record<string, unknown>;
 };

src/channels/plugins/load.test.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ const createRegistry = (channels: PluginRegistry["channels"]): PluginRegistry =>
   providers: [],
   gatewayHandlers: {},
   httpHandlers: [],
+  httpRoutes: [],
   cliRegistrars: [],
   services: [],
   diagnostics: [],

src/channels/plugins/types.adapters.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../../config/config.js";
+import type { ReplyPayload } from "../../auto-reply/types.js";
 import type { GroupToolPolicyConfig } from "../../config/types.tools.js";
 import type { OutboundDeliveryResult, OutboundSendDeps } from "../../infra/outbound/deliver.js";
 import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../../runtime.js";
@@ -81,6 +82,10 @@ export type ChannelOutboundContext = {
   deps?: OutboundSendDeps;
 };
 
+export type ChannelOutboundPayloadContext = ChannelOutboundContext & {
+  payload: ReplyPayload;
+};
+
 export type ChannelOutboundAdapter = {
   deliveryMode: "direct" | "gateway" | "hybrid";
   chunker?: ((text: string, limit: number) => string[]) | null;
@@ -94,6 +99,7 @@ export type ChannelOutboundAdapter = {
     accountId?: string | null;
     mode?: ChannelOutboundTargetMode;
   }) => { ok: true; to: string } | { ok: false; error: Error };
+  sendPayload?: (ctx: ChannelOutboundPayloadContext) => Promise<OutboundDeliveryResult>;
   sendText?: (ctx: ChannelOutboundContext) => Promise<OutboundDeliveryResult>;
   sendMedia?: (ctx: ChannelOutboundContext) => Promise<OutboundDeliveryResult>;
   sendPoll?: (ctx: ChannelPollContext) => Promise<ChannelPollResult>;

src/channels/plugins/types.core.ts

@@ -240,6 +240,12 @@ export type ChannelThreadingToolContext = {
   currentThreadTs?: string;
   replyToMode?: "off" | "first" | "all";
   hasRepliedRef?: { value: boolean };
+  /**
+   * When true, skip cross-context decoration (e.g., "[from X]" prefix).
+   * Use this for direct tool invocations where the agent is composing a new message,
+   * not forwarding/relaying a message from another conversation.
+   */
+  skipCrossContextDecoration?: boolean;
 };
 
 export type ChannelMessagingAdapter = {

src/config/channel-capabilities.test.ts

@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ const createRegistry = (channels: PluginRegistry["channels"]): PluginRegistry =>
   providers: [],
   gatewayHandlers: {},
   httpHandlers: [],
+  httpRoutes: [],
   cliRegistrars: [],
   services: [],
   diagnostics: [],

src/gateway/server-http.ts

@@ -230,8 +230,6 @@ export function createGatewayHttpServer(opts: {
       const configSnapshot = loadConfig();
       const trustedProxies = configSnapshot.gateway?.trustedProxies ?? [];
       if (await handleHooksRequest(req, res)) return;
-      if (await handleSlackHttpRequest(req, res)) return;
-      if (handlePluginRequest && (await handlePluginRequest(req, res))) return;
       if (
         await handleToolsInvokeHttpRequest(req, res, {
           auth: resolvedAuth,
@@ -239,6 +237,8 @@ export function createGatewayHttpServer(opts: {
         })
       )
         return;
+      if (await handleSlackHttpRequest(req, res)) return;
+      if (handlePluginRequest && (await handlePluginRequest(req, res))) return;
       if (openResponsesEnabled) {
         if (
           await handleOpenResponsesHttpRequest(req, res, {

src/gateway/server-plugins.test.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ const createRegistry = (diagnostics: PluginDiagnostic[]): PluginRegistry => ({
   providers: [],
   gatewayHandlers: {},
   httpHandlers: [],
+  httpRoutes: [],
   cliRegistrars: [],
   services: [],
   diagnostics,

src/gateway/server.agent.gateway-server-agent-a.e2e.test.ts

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ const registryState = vi.hoisted(() => ({
     providers: [],
     gatewayHandlers: {},
     httpHandlers: [],
+    httpRoutes: [],
     cliRegistrars: [],
     services: [],
     diagnostics: [],
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ const createRegistry = (channels: PluginRegistry["channels"]): PluginRegistry =>
   providers: [],
   gatewayHandlers: {},
   httpHandlers: [],
+  httpRoutes: [],
   cliRegistrars: [],
   services: [],
   diagnostics: [],

src/gateway/server.agent.gateway-server-agent-b.e2e.test.ts

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ const registryState = vi.hoisted(() => ({
     providers: [],
     gatewayHandlers: {},
     httpHandlers: [],
+    httpRoutes: [],
     cliRegistrars: [],
     services: [],
     diagnostics: [],
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ const createRegistry = (channels: PluginRegistry["channels"]): PluginRegistry =>
   providers: [],
   gatewayHandlers: {},
   httpHandlers: [],
+  httpRoutes: [],
   cliRegistrars: [],
   services: [],
   diagnostics: [],

src/gateway/server.channels.e2e.test.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ const registryState = vi.hoisted(() => ({
     providers: [],
     gatewayHandlers: {},
     httpHandlers: [],
+    httpRoutes: [],
     cliRegistrars: [],
     services: [],
     diagnostics: [],
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ const createRegistry = (channels: PluginRegistry["channels"]): PluginRegistry =>
   providers: [],
   gatewayHandlers: {},
   httpHandlers: [],
+  httpRoutes: [],
   cliRegistrars: [],
   services: [],
   diagnostics: [],

src/gateway/server.models-voicewake-misc.e2e.test.ts

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ const createRegistry = (channels: PluginRegistry["channels"]): PluginRegistry =>
   providers: [],
   gatewayHandlers: {},
   httpHandlers: [],
+  httpRoutes: [],
   cliRegistrars: [],
   services: [],
   diagnostics: [],

src/gateway/server/__tests__/test-utils.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ export const createTestRegistry = (overrides: Partial<PluginRegistry> = {}): Plu
     providers: [],
     gatewayHandlers: {},
     httpHandlers: [],
+    httpRoutes: [],
     cliRegistrars: [],
     services: [],
     commands: [],
@@ -20,5 +21,6 @@ export const createTestRegistry = (overrides: Partial<PluginRegistry> = {}): Plu
     ...merged,
     gatewayHandlers: merged.gatewayHandlers ?? {},
     httpHandlers: merged.httpHandlers ?? [],
+    httpRoutes: merged.httpRoutes ?? [],
   };
 };

src/gateway/server/plugins-http.test.ts

@@ -56,6 +56,35 @@ describe("createGatewayPluginRequestHandler", () => {
     expect(second).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
+  it("handles registered http routes before generic handlers", async () => {
+    const routeHandler = vi.fn(async (_req, res: ServerResponse) => {
+      res.statusCode = 200;
+    });
+    const fallback = vi.fn(async () => true);
+    const handler = createGatewayPluginRequestHandler({
+      registry: createTestRegistry({
+        httpRoutes: [
+          {
+            pluginId: "route",
+            path: "/demo",
+            handler: routeHandler,
+            source: "route",
+          },
+        ],
+        httpHandlers: [{ pluginId: "fallback", handler: fallback, source: "fallback" }],
+      }),
+      log: { warn: vi.fn() } as unknown as Parameters<
+        typeof createGatewayPluginRequestHandler
+      >[0]["log"],
+    });
+
+    const { res } = makeResponse();
+    const handled = await handler({ url: "/demo" } as IncomingMessage, res);
+    expect(handled).toBe(true);
+    expect(routeHandler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(fallback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
   it("logs and responds with 500 when a handler throws", async () => {
     const log = { warn: vi.fn() } as unknown as Parameters<
       typeof createGatewayPluginRequestHandler

src/gateway/server/plugins-http.ts

@@ -16,8 +16,30 @@ export function createGatewayPluginRequestHandler(params: {
 }): PluginHttpRequestHandler {
   const { registry, log } = params;
   return async (req, res) => {
-    if (registry.httpHandlers.length === 0) return false;
-    for (const entry of registry.httpHandlers) {
+    const routes = registry.httpRoutes ?? [];
+    const handlers = registry.httpHandlers ?? [];
+    if (routes.length === 0 && handlers.length === 0) return false;
+
+    if (routes.length > 0) {
+      const url = new URL(req.url ?? "/", "http://localhost");
+      const route = routes.find((entry) => entry.path === url.pathname);
+      if (route) {
+        try {
+          await route.handler(req, res);
+          return true;
+        } catch (err) {
+          log.warn(`plugin http route failed (${route.pluginId ?? "unknown"}): ${String(err)}`);
+          if (!res.headersSent) {
+            res.statusCode = 500;
+            res.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
+            res.end("Internal Server Error");
+          }
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const entry of handlers) {
       try {
         const handled = await entry.handler(req, res);
         if (handled) return true;

src/gateway/test-helpers.mocks.ts

@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ const createStubPluginRegistry = (): PluginRegistry => ({
   providers: [],
   gatewayHandlers: {},
   httpHandlers: [],
+  httpRoutes: [],
   cliRegistrars: [],
   services: [],
   commands: [],

src/gateway/tools-invoke-http.test.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 
+import type { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from "node:http";
 import { installGatewayTestHooks, getFreePort, startGatewayServer } from "./test-helpers.server.js";
-import { testState } from "./test-helpers.mocks.js";
+import { resetTestPluginRegistry, setTestPluginRegistry, testState } from "./test-helpers.mocks.js";
+import { createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
 
 installGatewayTestHooks({ scope: "suite" });
 
@@ -70,6 +72,58 @@ describe("POST /tools/invoke", () => {
     await server.close();
   });
 
+  it("routes tools invoke before plugin HTTP handlers", async () => {
+    const pluginHandler = vi.fn(async (_req: IncomingMessage, res: ServerResponse) => {
+      res.statusCode = 418;
+      res.end("plugin");
+      return true;
+    });
+    const registry = createTestRegistry();
+    registry.httpHandlers = [
+      {
+        pluginId: "test-plugin",
+        source: "test",
+        handler: pluginHandler as unknown as (
+          req: import("node:http").IncomingMessage,
+          res: import("node:http").ServerResponse,
+        ) => Promise<boolean>,
+      },
+    ];
+    setTestPluginRegistry(registry);
+
+    testState.agentsConfig = {
+      list: [
+        {
+          id: "main",
+          tools: {
+            allow: ["sessions_list"],
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    } as any;
+
+    const port = await getFreePort();
+    const server = await startGatewayServer(port, { bind: "loopback" });
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/tools/invoke`, {
+        method: "POST",
+        headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          tool: "sessions_list",
+          action: "json",
+          args: {},
+          sessionKey: "main",
+        }),
+      });
+
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(pluginHandler).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    } finally {
+      await server.close();
+      resetTestPluginRegistry();
+    }
+  });
+
   it("rejects unauthorized when auth mode is token and header is missing", async () => {
     testState.agentsConfig = {
       list: [

src/infra/outbound/deliver.test.ts

@@ -311,6 +311,28 @@ describe("deliverOutboundPayloads", () => {
     expect(results).toEqual([{ channel: "whatsapp", messageId: "w2", toJid: "jid" }]);
   });
 
+  it("passes normalized payload to onError", async () => {
+    const sendWhatsApp = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(new Error("boom"));
+    const onError = vi.fn();
+    const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {};
+
+    await deliverOutboundPayloads({
+      cfg,
+      channel: "whatsapp",
+      to: "+1555",
+      payloads: [{ text: "hi", mediaUrl: "https://x.test/a.jpg" }],
+      deps: { sendWhatsApp },
+      bestEffort: true,
+      onError,
+    });
+
+    expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.any(Error),
+      expect.objectContaining({ text: "hi", mediaUrls: ["https://x.test/a.jpg"] }),
+    );
+  });
+
   it("mirrors delivered output when mirror options are provided", async () => {
     const sendTelegram = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ messageId: "m1", chatId: "c1" });
     const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {

src/infra/outbound/deliver.ts

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import {
   resolveMirroredTranscriptText,
 } from "../../config/sessions.js";
 import type { NormalizedOutboundPayload } from "./payloads.js";
-import { normalizeOutboundPayloads } from "./payloads.js";
+import { normalizeReplyPayloadsForDelivery } from "./payloads.js";
 import type { OutboundChannel } from "./targets.js";
 
 export type { NormalizedOutboundPayload } from "./payloads.js";
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ type ChannelHandler = {
   chunker: Chunker | null;
   chunkerMode?: "text" | "markdown";
   textChunkLimit?: number;
+  sendPayload?: (payload: ReplyPayload) => Promise<OutboundDeliveryResult>;
   sendText: (text: string) => Promise<OutboundDeliveryResult>;
   sendMedia: (caption: string, mediaUrl: string) => Promise<OutboundDeliveryResult>;
 };
@@ -132,6 +133,21 @@ function createPluginHandler(params: {
     chunker,
     chunkerMode,
     textChunkLimit: outbound.textChunkLimit,
+    sendPayload: outbound.sendPayload
+      ? async (payload) =>
+          outbound.sendPayload!({
+            cfg: params.cfg,
+            to: params.to,
+            text: payload.text ?? "",
+            mediaUrl: payload.mediaUrl,
+            accountId: params.accountId,
+            replyToId: params.replyToId,
+            threadId: params.threadId,
+            gifPlayback: params.gifPlayback,
+            deps: params.deps,
+            payload,
+          })
+      : undefined,
     sendText: async (text) =>
       sendText({
         cfg: params.cfg,
@@ -294,24 +310,33 @@ export async function deliverOutboundPayloads(params: {
       })),
     };
   };
-  const normalizedPayloads = normalizeOutboundPayloads(payloads);
+  const normalizedPayloads = normalizeReplyPayloadsForDelivery(payloads);
   for (const payload of normalizedPayloads) {
+    const payloadSummary: NormalizedOutboundPayload = {
+      text: payload.text ?? "",
+      mediaUrls: payload.mediaUrls ?? (payload.mediaUrl ? [payload.mediaUrl] : []),
+      channelData: payload.channelData,
+    };
     try {
       throwIfAborted(abortSignal);
-      params.onPayload?.(payload);
-      if (payload.mediaUrls.length === 0) {
+      params.onPayload?.(payloadSummary);
+      if (handler.sendPayload && payload.channelData) {
+        results.push(await handler.sendPayload(payload));
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (payloadSummary.mediaUrls.length === 0) {
         if (isSignalChannel) {
-          await sendSignalTextChunks(payload.text);
+          await sendSignalTextChunks(payloadSummary.text);
         } else {
-          await sendTextChunks(payload.text);
+          await sendTextChunks(payloadSummary.text);
         }
         continue;
       }
 
       let first = true;
-      for (const url of payload.mediaUrls) {
+      for (const url of payloadSummary.mediaUrls) {
         throwIfAborted(abortSignal);
-        const caption = first ? payload.text : "";
+        const caption = first ? payloadSummary.text : "";
         first = false;
         if (isSignalChannel) {
           results.push(await sendSignalMedia(caption, url));
@@ -321,7 +346,7 @@ export async function deliverOutboundPayloads(params: {
       }
     } catch (err) {
       if (!params.bestEffort) throw err;
-      params.onError?.(err, payload);
+      params.onError?.(err, payloadSummary);
     }
   }
   if (params.mirror && results.length > 0) {

src/infra/outbound/message-action-runner.ts

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ export type RunMessageActionParams = {
   sessionKey?: string;
   agentId?: string;
   dryRun?: boolean;
+  abortSignal?: AbortSignal;
 };
 
 export type MessageActionRunResult =
@@ -507,6 +508,7 @@ type ResolvedActionContext = {
   input: RunMessageActionParams;
   agentId?: string;
   resolvedTarget?: ResolvedMessagingTarget;
+  abortSignal?: AbortSignal;
 };
 function resolveGateway(input: RunMessageActionParams): MessageActionRunnerGateway | undefined {
   if (!input.gateway) return undefined;
@@ -592,8 +594,28 @@ async function handleBroadcastAction(
   };
 }
 
+function throwIfAborted(abortSignal?: AbortSignal): void {
+  if (abortSignal?.aborted) {
+    const err = new Error("Message send aborted");
+    err.name = "AbortError";
+    throw err;
+  }
+}
+
 async function handleSendAction(ctx: ResolvedActionContext): Promise<MessageActionRunResult> {
-  const { cfg, params, channel, accountId, dryRun, gateway, input, agentId, resolvedTarget } = ctx;
+  const {
+    cfg,
+    params,
+    channel,
+    accountId,
+    dryRun,
+    gateway,
+    input,
+    agentId,
+    resolvedTarget,
+    abortSignal,
+  } = ctx;
+  throwIfAborted(abortSignal);
   const action: ChannelMessageActionName = "send";
   const to = readStringParam(params, "to", { required: true });
   // Support media, path, and filePath parameters for attachments
@@ -676,6 +698,7 @@ async function handleSendAction(ctx: ResolvedActionContext): Promise<MessageActi
   }
   const mirrorMediaUrls =
     mergedMediaUrls.length > 0 ? mergedMediaUrls : mediaUrl ? [mediaUrl] : undefined;
+  throwIfAborted(abortSignal);
   const send = await executeSendAction({
     ctx: {
       cfg,
@@ -695,6 +718,7 @@ async function handleSendAction(ctx: ResolvedActionContext): Promise<MessageActi
               mediaUrls: mirrorMediaUrls,
             }
           : undefined,
+      abortSignal,
     },
     to,
     message,
@@ -718,7 +742,8 @@ async function handleSendAction(ctx: ResolvedActionContext): Promise<MessageActi
 }
 
 async function handlePollAction(ctx: ResolvedActionContext): Promise<MessageActionRunResult> {
-  const { cfg, params, channel, accountId, dryRun, gateway, input } = ctx;
+  const { cfg, params, channel, accountId, dryRun, gateway, input, abortSignal } = ctx;
+  throwIfAborted(abortSignal);
   const action: ChannelMessageActionName = "poll";
   const to = readStringParam(params, "to", { required: true });
   const question = readStringParam(params, "pollQuestion", {
@@ -777,7 +802,8 @@ async function handlePollAction(ctx: ResolvedActionContext): Promise<MessageActi
 }
 
 async function handlePluginAction(ctx: ResolvedActionContext): Promise<MessageActionRunResult> {
-  const { cfg, params, channel, accountId, dryRun, gateway, input } = ctx;
+  const { cfg, params, channel, accountId, dryRun, gateway, input, abortSignal } = ctx;
+  throwIfAborted(abortSignal);
   const action = input.action as Exclude<ChannelMessageActionName, "send" | "poll" | "broadcast">;
   if (dryRun) {
     return {
@@ -930,6 +956,7 @@ export async function runMessageAction(
       input,
       agentId: resolvedAgentId,
       resolvedTarget,
+      abortSignal: input.abortSignal,
     });
   }
 
@@ -942,6 +969,7 @@ export async function runMessageAction(
       dryRun,
       gateway,
       input,
+      abortSignal: input.abortSignal,
     });
   }
 
@@ -953,5 +981,6 @@ export async function runMessageAction(
     dryRun,
     gateway,
     input,
+    abortSignal: input.abortSignal,
   });
 }

src/infra/outbound/message.ts

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ type MessageSendParams = {
     text?: string;
     mediaUrls?: string[];
   };
+  abortSignal?: AbortSignal;
 };
 
 export type MessageSendResult = {
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ export async function sendMessage(params: MessageSendParams): Promise<MessageSen
       gifPlayback: params.gifPlayback,
       deps: params.deps,
       bestEffort: params.bestEffort,
+      abortSignal: params.abortSignal,
       mirror: params.mirror
         ? {
             ...params.mirror,

src/infra/outbound/outbound-policy.ts

@@ -119,6 +119,8 @@ export async function buildCrossContextDecoration(params: {
   accountId?: string | null;
 }): Promise<CrossContextDecoration | null> {
   if (!params.toolContext?.currentChannelId) return null;
+  // Skip decoration for direct tool sends (agent composing, not forwarding)
+  if (params.toolContext.skipCrossContextDecoration) return null;
   if (!isCrossContextTarget(params)) return null;
 
   const markerConfig = params.cfg.tools?.message?.crossContext?.marker;
@@ -131,11 +133,11 @@ export async function buildCrossContextDecoration(params: {
       targetId: params.toolContext.currentChannelId,
       accountId: params.accountId ?? undefined,
     })) ?? params.toolContext.currentChannelId;
+  // Don't force group formatting here; currentChannelId can be a DM or a group.
   const originLabel = formatTargetDisplay({
     channel: params.channel,
     target: params.toolContext.currentChannelId,
     display: currentName,
-    kind: "group",
   });
   const prefixTemplate = markerConfig?.prefix ?? "[from {channel}] ";
   const suffixTemplate = markerConfig?.suffix ?? "";

src/infra/outbound/outbound-send-service.ts

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ export type OutboundSendContext = {
     text?: string;
     mediaUrls?: string[];
   };
+  abortSignal?: AbortSignal;
 };
 
 function extractToolPayload(result: AgentToolResult<unknown>): unknown {
@@ -56,6 +57,14 @@ function extractToolPayload(result: AgentToolResult<unknown>): unknown {
   return result.content ?? result;
 }
 
+function throwIfAborted(abortSignal?: AbortSignal): void {
+  if (abortSignal?.aborted) {
+    const err = new Error("Message send aborted");
+    err.name = "AbortError";
+    throw err;
+  }
+}
+
 export async function executeSendAction(params: {
   ctx: OutboundSendContext;
   to: string;
@@ -70,6 +79,7 @@ export async function executeSendAction(params: {
   toolResult?: AgentToolResult<unknown>;
   sendResult?: MessageSendResult;
 }> {
+  throwIfAborted(params.ctx.abortSignal);
   if (!params.ctx.dryRun) {
     const handled = await dispatchChannelMessageAction({
       channel: params.ctx.channel,
@@ -103,6 +113,7 @@ export async function executeSendAction(params: {
     }
   }
 
+  throwIfAborted(params.ctx.abortSignal);
   const result: MessageSendResult = await sendMessage({
     cfg: params.ctx.cfg,
     to: params.to,
@@ -117,6 +128,7 @@ export async function executeSendAction(params: {
     deps: params.ctx.deps,
     gateway: params.ctx.gateway,
     mirror: params.ctx.mirror,
+    abortSignal: params.ctx.abortSignal,
   });
 
   return {

src/infra/outbound/payloads.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 
-import { formatOutboundPayloadLog, normalizeOutboundPayloadsForJson } from "./payloads.js";
+import {
+  formatOutboundPayloadLog,
+  normalizeOutboundPayloads,
+  normalizeOutboundPayloadsForJson,
+} from "./payloads.js";
 
 describe("normalizeOutboundPayloadsForJson", () => {
   it("normalizes payloads with mediaUrl and mediaUrls", () => {
@@ -11,16 +15,18 @@ describe("normalizeOutboundPayloadsForJson", () => {
         { text: "multi", mediaUrls: ["https://x.test/1.png"] },
       ]),
     ).toEqual([
-      { text: "hi", mediaUrl: null, mediaUrls: undefined },
+      { text: "hi", mediaUrl: null, mediaUrls: undefined, channelData: undefined },
       {
         text: "photo",
         mediaUrl: "https://x.test/a.jpg",
         mediaUrls: ["https://x.test/a.jpg"],
+        channelData: undefined,
       },
       {
         text: "multi",
         mediaUrl: null,
         mediaUrls: ["https://x.test/1.png"],
+        channelData: undefined,
       },
     ]);
   });
@@ -37,11 +43,20 @@ describe("normalizeOutboundPayloadsForJson", () => {
         text: "",
         mediaUrl: null,
         mediaUrls: ["https://x.test/a.png", "https://x.test/b.png"],
+        channelData: undefined,
       },
     ]);
   });
 });
 
+describe("normalizeOutboundPayloads", () => {
+  it("keeps channelData-only payloads", () => {
+    const channelData = { line: { flexMessage: { altText: "Card", contents: {} } } };
+    const normalized = normalizeOutboundPayloads([{ channelData }]);
+    expect(normalized).toEqual([{ text: "", mediaUrls: [], channelData }]);
+  });
+});
+
 describe("formatOutboundPayloadLog", () => {
   it("trims trailing text and appends media lines", () => {
     expect(

src/infra/outbound/payloads.ts

@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ import type { ReplyPayload } from "../../auto-reply/types.js";
 export type NormalizedOutboundPayload = {
   text: string;
   mediaUrls: string[];
+  channelData?: Record<string, unknown>;
 };
 
 export type OutboundPayloadJson = {
   text: string;
   mediaUrl: string | null;
   mediaUrls?: string[];
+  channelData?: Record<string, unknown>;
 };
 
 function mergeMediaUrls(...lists: Array<Array<string | undefined> | undefined>): string[] {
@@ -58,11 +60,23 @@ export function normalizeReplyPayloadsForDelivery(payloads: ReplyPayload[]): Rep
 
 export function normalizeOutboundPayloads(payloads: ReplyPayload[]): NormalizedOutboundPayload[] {
   return normalizeReplyPayloadsForDelivery(payloads)
-    .map((payload) => ({
-      text: payload.text ?? "",
-      mediaUrls: payload.mediaUrls ?? (payload.mediaUrl ? [payload.mediaUrl] : []),
-    }))
-    .filter((payload) => payload.text || payload.mediaUrls.length > 0);
+    .map((payload) => {
+      const channelData = payload.channelData;
+      const normalized: NormalizedOutboundPayload = {
+        text: payload.text ?? "",
+        mediaUrls: payload.mediaUrls ?? (payload.mediaUrl ? [payload.mediaUrl] : []),
+      };
+      if (channelData && Object.keys(channelData).length > 0) {
+        normalized.channelData = channelData;
+      }
+      return normalized;
+    })
+    .filter(
+      (payload) =>
+        payload.text ||
+        payload.mediaUrls.length > 0 ||
+        Boolean(payload.channelData && Object.keys(payload.channelData).length > 0),
+    );
 }
 
 export function normalizeOutboundPayloadsForJson(payloads: ReplyPayload[]): OutboundPayloadJson[] {
@@ -70,6 +84,7 @@ export function normalizeOutboundPayloadsForJson(payloads: ReplyPayload[]): Outb
     text: payload.text ?? "",
     mediaUrl: payload.mediaUrl ?? null,
     mediaUrls: payload.mediaUrls ?? (payload.mediaUrl ? [payload.mediaUrl] : undefined),
+    channelData: payload.channelData,
   }));
 }
 

src/infra/outbound/target-resolver.ts

@@ -100,7 +100,12 @@ export function formatTargetDisplay(params: {
   if (!trimmedTarget) return trimmedTarget;
   if (trimmedTarget.startsWith("#") || trimmedTarget.startsWith("@")) return trimmedTarget;
 
-  const withoutPrefix = trimmedTarget.replace(/^telegram:/i, "");
+  const channelPrefix = `${params.channel}:`;
+  const withoutProvider = trimmedTarget.toLowerCase().startsWith(channelPrefix)
+    ? trimmedTarget.slice(channelPrefix.length)
+    : trimmedTarget;
+
+  const withoutPrefix = withoutProvider.replace(/^telegram:/i, "");
   if (/^channel:/i.test(withoutPrefix)) {
     return `#${withoutPrefix.replace(/^channel:/i, "")}`;
   }
@@ -119,14 +124,23 @@ function preserveTargetCase(channel: ChannelId, raw: string, normalized: string)
   return trimmed;
 }
 
-function detectTargetKind(raw: string, preferred?: TargetResolveKind): TargetResolveKind {
+function detectTargetKind(
+  channel: ChannelId,
+  raw: string,
+  preferred?: TargetResolveKind,
+): TargetResolveKind {
   if (preferred) return preferred;
   const trimmed = raw.trim();
   if (!trimmed) return "group";
+
   if (trimmed.startsWith("@") || /^<@!?/.test(trimmed) || /^user:/i.test(trimmed)) return "user";
-  if (trimmed.startsWith("#") || /^channel:/i.test(trimmed)) {
-    return "group";
+  if (trimmed.startsWith("#") || /^channel:/i.test(trimmed)) return "group";
+
+  // For some channels (e.g., BlueBubbles/iMessage), bare phone numbers are almost always DM targets.
+  if ((channel === "bluebubbles" || channel === "imessage") && /^\+?\d{6,}$/.test(trimmed)) {
+    return "user";
   }
+
   return "group";
 }
 
@@ -282,7 +296,7 @@ export async function resolveMessagingTarget(params: {
   const plugin = getChannelPlugin(params.channel);
   const providerLabel = plugin?.meta?.label ?? params.channel;
   const hint = plugin?.messaging?.targetResolver?.hint;
-  const kind = detectTargetKind(raw, params.preferredKind);
+  const kind = detectTargetKind(params.channel, raw, params.preferredKind);
   const normalized = normalizeTargetForProvider(params.channel, raw) ?? raw;
   const looksLikeTargetId = (): boolean => {
     const trimmed = raw.trim();
@@ -291,7 +305,12 @@ export async function resolveMessagingTarget(params: {
     if (lookup) return lookup(trimmed, normalized);
     if (/^(channel|group|user):/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
     if (/^[@#]/.test(trimmed)) return true;
-    if (/^\+?\d{6,}$/.test(trimmed)) return true;
+    if (/^\+?\d{6,}$/.test(trimmed)) {
+      // BlueBubbles/iMessage phone numbers should usually resolve via the directory to a DM chat,
+      // otherwise the provider may pick an existing group containing that handle.
+      if (params.channel === "bluebubbles" || params.channel === "imessage") return false;
+      return true;
+    }
     if (trimmed.includes("@thread")) return true;
     if (/^(conversation|user):/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
     return false;
@@ -353,6 +372,24 @@ export async function resolveMessagingTarget(params: {
       candidates: match.entries,
     };
   }
+  // For iMessage-style channels, allow sending directly to the normalized handle
+  // even if the directory doesn't contain an entry yet.
+  if (
+    (params.channel === "bluebubbles" || params.channel === "imessage") &&
+    /^\+?\d{6,}$/.test(query)
+  ) {
+    const directTarget = preserveTargetCase(params.channel, raw, normalized);
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      target: {
+        to: directTarget,
+        kind,
+        display: stripTargetPrefixes(raw),
+        source: "normalized",
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
   return {
     ok: false,
     error: unknownTargetError(providerLabel, raw, hint),
@@ -367,16 +404,32 @@ export async function lookupDirectoryDisplay(params: {
   runtime?: RuntimeEnv;
 }): Promise<string | undefined> {
   const normalized = normalizeTargetForProvider(params.channel, params.targetId) ?? params.targetId;
-  const candidates = await getDirectoryEntries({
-    cfg: params.cfg,
-    channel: params.channel,
-    accountId: params.accountId,
-    kind: "group",
-    runtime: params.runtime,
-    preferLiveOnMiss: false,
-  });
-  const entry = candidates.find(
-    (candidate) => normalizeDirectoryEntryId(params.channel, candidate) === normalized,
-  );
+
+  // Targets can resolve to either peers (DMs) or groups. Try both.
+  const [groups, users] = await Promise.all([
+    getDirectoryEntries({
+      cfg: params.cfg,
+      channel: params.channel,
+      accountId: params.accountId,
+      kind: "group",
+      runtime: params.runtime,
+      preferLiveOnMiss: false,
+    }),
+    getDirectoryEntries({
+      cfg: params.cfg,
+      channel: params.channel,
+      accountId: params.accountId,
+      kind: "user",
+      runtime: params.runtime,
+      preferLiveOnMiss: false,
+    }),
+  ]);
+
+  const findMatch = (candidates: ChannelDirectoryEntry[]) =>
+    candidates.find(
+      (candidate) => normalizeDirectoryEntryId(params.channel, candidate) === normalized,
+    );
+
+  const entry = findMatch(groups) ?? findMatch(users);
   return entry?.name ?? entry?.handle ?? undefined;
 }

src/line/accounts.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import {
+  resolveLineAccount,
+  listLineAccountIds,
+  resolveDefaultLineAccountId,
+  normalizeAccountId,
+  DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID,
+} from "./accounts.js";
+import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+
+describe("LINE accounts", () => {
+  const originalEnv = { ...process.env };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    process.env = { ...originalEnv };
+    delete process.env.LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN;
+    delete process.env.LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    process.env = originalEnv;
+  });
+
+  describe("resolveLineAccount", () => {
+    it("resolves account from config", () => {
+      const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {
+        channels: {
+          line: {
+            enabled: true,
+            channelAccessToken: "test-token",
+            channelSecret: "test-secret",
+            name: "Test Bot",
+          },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const account = resolveLineAccount({ cfg });
+
+      expect(account.accountId).toBe(DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID);
+      expect(account.enabled).toBe(true);
+      expect(account.channelAccessToken).toBe("test-token");
+      expect(account.channelSecret).toBe("test-secret");
+      expect(account.name).toBe("Test Bot");
+      expect(account.tokenSource).toBe("config");
+    });
+
+    it("resolves account from environment variables", () => {
+      process.env.LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN = "env-token";
+      process.env.LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET = "env-secret";
+
+      const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {
+        channels: {
+          line: {
+            enabled: true,
+          },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const account = resolveLineAccount({ cfg });
+
+      expect(account.channelAccessToken).toBe("env-token");
+      expect(account.channelSecret).toBe("env-secret");
+      expect(account.tokenSource).toBe("env");
+    });
+
+    it("resolves named account", () => {
+      const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {
+        channels: {
+          line: {
+            enabled: true,
+            accounts: {
+              business: {
+                enabled: true,
+                channelAccessToken: "business-token",
+                channelSecret: "business-secret",
+                name: "Business Bot",
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const account = resolveLineAccount({ cfg, accountId: "business" });
+
+      expect(account.accountId).toBe("business");
+      expect(account.enabled).toBe(true);
+      expect(account.channelAccessToken).toBe("business-token");
+      expect(account.channelSecret).toBe("business-secret");
+      expect(account.name).toBe("Business Bot");
+    });
+
+    it("returns empty token when not configured", () => {
+      const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {};
+
+      const account = resolveLineAccount({ cfg });
+
+      expect(account.channelAccessToken).toBe("");
+      expect(account.channelSecret).toBe("");
+      expect(account.tokenSource).toBe("none");
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("listLineAccountIds", () => {
+    it("returns default account when configured at base level", () => {
+      const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {
+        channels: {
+          line: {
+            channelAccessToken: "test-token",
+          },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const ids = listLineAccountIds(cfg);
+
+      expect(ids).toContain(DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID);
+    });
+
+    it("returns named accounts", () => {
+      const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {
+        channels: {
+          line: {
+            accounts: {
+              business: { enabled: true },
+              personal: { enabled: true },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const ids = listLineAccountIds(cfg);
+
+      expect(ids).toContain("business");
+      expect(ids).toContain("personal");
+    });
+
+    it("returns default from env", () => {
+      process.env.LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN = "env-token";
+      const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {};
+
+      const ids = listLineAccountIds(cfg);
+
+      expect(ids).toContain(DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("resolveDefaultLineAccountId", () => {
+    it("returns default when configured", () => {
+      const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {
+        channels: {
+          line: {
+            channelAccessToken: "test-token",
+          },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const id = resolveDefaultLineAccountId(cfg);
+
+      expect(id).toBe(DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID);
+    });
+
+    it("returns first named account when default not configured", () => {
+      const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {
+        channels: {
+          line: {
+            accounts: {
+              business: { enabled: true },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const id = resolveDefaultLineAccountId(cfg);
+
+      expect(id).toBe("business");
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("normalizeAccountId", () => {
+    it("normalizes undefined to default", () => {
+      expect(normalizeAccountId(undefined)).toBe(DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID);
+    });
+
+    it("normalizes 'default' to DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID", () => {
+      expect(normalizeAccountId("default")).toBe(DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID);
+    });
+
+    it("preserves other account ids", () => {
+      expect(normalizeAccountId("business")).toBe("business");
+    });
+
+    it("lowercases account ids", () => {
+      expect(normalizeAccountId("Business")).toBe("business");
+    });
+
+    it("trims whitespace", () => {
+      expect(normalizeAccountId("  business  ")).toBe("business");
+    });
+  });
+});

src/line/accounts.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import type {
+  LineConfig,
+  LineAccountConfig,
+  ResolvedLineAccount,
+  LineTokenSource,
+} from "./types.js";
+
+export const DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID = "default";
+
+function readFileIfExists(filePath: string | undefined): string | undefined {
+  if (!filePath) return undefined;
+  try {
+    return fs.readFileSync(filePath, "utf-8").trim();
+  } catch {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+function resolveToken(params: {
+  accountId: string;
+  baseConfig?: LineConfig;
+  accountConfig?: LineAccountConfig;
+}): { token: string; tokenSource: LineTokenSource } {
+  const { accountId, baseConfig, accountConfig } = params;
+
+  // Check account-level config first
+  if (accountConfig?.channelAccessToken?.trim()) {
+    return { token: accountConfig.channelAccessToken.trim(), tokenSource: "config" };
+  }
+
+  // Check account-level token file
+  const accountFileToken = readFileIfExists(accountConfig?.tokenFile);
+  if (accountFileToken) {
+    return { token: accountFileToken, tokenSource: "file" };
+  }
+
+  // For default account, check base config and env
+  if (accountId === DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID) {
+    if (baseConfig?.channelAccessToken?.trim()) {
+      return { token: baseConfig.channelAccessToken.trim(), tokenSource: "config" };
+    }
+
+    const baseFileToken = readFileIfExists(baseConfig?.tokenFile);
+    if (baseFileToken) {
+      return { token: baseFileToken, tokenSource: "file" };
+    }
+
+    const envToken = process.env.LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN?.trim();
+    if (envToken) {
+      return { token: envToken, tokenSource: "env" };
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { token: "", tokenSource: "none" };
+}
+
+function resolveSecret(params: {
+  accountId: string;
+  baseConfig?: LineConfig;
+  accountConfig?: LineAccountConfig;
+}): string {
+  const { accountId, baseConfig, accountConfig } = params;
+
+  // Check account-level config first
+  if (accountConfig?.channelSecret?.trim()) {
+    return accountConfig.channelSecret.trim();
+  }
+
+  // Check account-level secret file
+  const accountFileSecret = readFileIfExists(accountConfig?.secretFile);
+  if (accountFileSecret) {
+    return accountFileSecret;
+  }
+
+  // For default account, check base config and env
+  if (accountId === DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID) {
+    if (baseConfig?.channelSecret?.trim()) {
+      return baseConfig.channelSecret.trim();
+    }
+
+    const baseFileSecret = readFileIfExists(baseConfig?.secretFile);
+    if (baseFileSecret) {
+      return baseFileSecret;
+    }
+
+    const envSecret = process.env.LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET?.trim();
+    if (envSecret) {
+      return envSecret;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return "";
+}
+
+export function resolveLineAccount(params: {
+  cfg: ClawdbotConfig;
+  accountId?: string;
+}): ResolvedLineAccount {
+  const { cfg, accountId = DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID } = params;
+  const lineConfig = cfg.channels?.line as LineConfig | undefined;
+  const accounts = lineConfig?.accounts;
+  const accountConfig = accountId !== DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID ? accounts?.[accountId] : undefined;
+
+  const { token, tokenSource } = resolveToken({
+    accountId,
+    baseConfig: lineConfig,
+    accountConfig,
+  });
+
+  const secret = resolveSecret({
+    accountId,
+    baseConfig: lineConfig,
+    accountConfig,
+  });
+
+  const mergedConfig: LineConfig & LineAccountConfig = {
+    ...lineConfig,
+    ...accountConfig,
+  };
+
+  const enabled =
+    accountConfig?.enabled ??
+    (accountId === DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID ? (lineConfig?.enabled ?? true) : false);
+
+  const name =
+    accountConfig?.name ?? (accountId === DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID ? lineConfig?.name : undefined);
+
+  return {
+    accountId,
+    name,
+    enabled,
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+    channelSecret: secret,
+    tokenSource,
+    config: mergedConfig,
+  };
+}
+
+export function listLineAccountIds(cfg: ClawdbotConfig): string[] {
+  const lineConfig = cfg.channels?.line as LineConfig | undefined;
+  const accounts = lineConfig?.accounts;
+  const ids = new Set<string>();
+
+  // Add default account if configured at base level
+  if (
+    lineConfig?.channelAccessToken?.trim() ||
+    lineConfig?.tokenFile ||
+    process.env.LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN?.trim()
+  ) {
+    ids.add(DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID);
+  }
+
+  // Add named accounts
+  if (accounts) {
+    for (const id of Object.keys(accounts)) {
+      ids.add(id);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Array.from(ids);
+}
+
+export function resolveDefaultLineAccountId(cfg: ClawdbotConfig): string {
+  const ids = listLineAccountIds(cfg);
+  if (ids.includes(DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID)) {
+    return DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID;
+  }
+  return ids[0] ?? DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID;
+}
+
+export function normalizeAccountId(accountId: string | undefined): string {
+  const trimmed = accountId?.trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (!trimmed || trimmed === "default") {
+    return DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID;
+  }
+  return trimmed;
+}

src/line/auto-reply-delivery.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { deliverLineAutoReply } from "./auto-reply-delivery.js";
+import { sendLineReplyChunks } from "./reply-chunks.js";
+
+const createFlexMessage = (altText: string, contents: unknown) => ({
+  type: "flex" as const,
+  altText,
+  contents,
+});
+
+const createImageMessage = (url: string) => ({
+  type: "image" as const,
+  originalContentUrl: url,
+  previewImageUrl: url,
+});
+
+const createLocationMessage = (location: {
+  title: string;
+  address: string;
+  latitude: number;
+  longitude: number;
+}) => ({
+  type: "location" as const,
+  ...location,
+});
+
+describe("deliverLineAutoReply", () => {
+  it("uses reply token for text before sending rich messages", async () => {
+    const replyMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const pushMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const createTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn((text: string) => ({
+      type: "text" as const,
+      text,
+    }));
+    const createQuickReplyItems = vi.fn((labels: string[]) => ({ items: labels }));
+    const pushMessagesLine = vi.fn(async () => ({ messageId: "push", chatId: "u1" }));
+
+    const lineData = {
+      flexMessage: { altText: "Card", contents: { type: "bubble" } },
+    };
+
+    const result = await deliverLineAutoReply({
+      payload: { text: "hello", channelData: { line: lineData } },
+      lineData,
+      to: "line:user:1",
+      replyToken: "token",
+      replyTokenUsed: false,
+      accountId: "acc",
+      textLimit: 5000,
+      deps: {
+        buildTemplateMessageFromPayload: () => null,
+        processLineMessage: (text) => ({ text, flexMessages: [] }),
+        chunkMarkdownText: (text) => [text],
+        sendLineReplyChunks,
+        replyMessageLine,
+        pushMessageLine,
+        pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+        createTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+        createQuickReplyItems,
+        pushMessagesLine,
+        createFlexMessage,
+        createImageMessage,
+        createLocationMessage,
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(result.replyTokenUsed).toBe(true);
+    expect(replyMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(replyMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledWith("token", [{ type: "text", text: "hello" }], {
+      accountId: "acc",
+    });
+    expect(pushMessagesLine).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(pushMessagesLine).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "line:user:1",
+      [createFlexMessage("Card", { type: "bubble" })],
+      { accountId: "acc" },
+    );
+    expect(createQuickReplyItems).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("uses reply token for rich-only payloads", async () => {
+    const replyMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const pushMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const createTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn((text: string) => ({
+      type: "text" as const,
+      text,
+    }));
+    const createQuickReplyItems = vi.fn((labels: string[]) => ({ items: labels }));
+    const pushMessagesLine = vi.fn(async () => ({ messageId: "push", chatId: "u1" }));
+
+    const lineData = {
+      flexMessage: { altText: "Card", contents: { type: "bubble" } },
+      quickReplies: ["A"],
+    };
+
+    const result = await deliverLineAutoReply({
+      payload: { channelData: { line: lineData } },
+      lineData,
+      to: "line:user:1",
+      replyToken: "token",
+      replyTokenUsed: false,
+      accountId: "acc",
+      textLimit: 5000,
+      deps: {
+        buildTemplateMessageFromPayload: () => null,
+        processLineMessage: () => ({ text: "", flexMessages: [] }),
+        chunkMarkdownText: () => [],
+        sendLineReplyChunks: vi.fn(async () => ({ replyTokenUsed: false })),
+        replyMessageLine,
+        pushMessageLine,
+        pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+        createTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+        createQuickReplyItems,
+        pushMessagesLine,
+        createFlexMessage,
+        createImageMessage,
+        createLocationMessage,
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(result.replyTokenUsed).toBe(true);
+    expect(replyMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(replyMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "token",
+      [
+        {
+          ...createFlexMessage("Card", { type: "bubble" }),
+          quickReply: { items: ["A"] },
+        },
+      ],
+      { accountId: "acc" },
+    );
+    expect(pushMessagesLine).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(createQuickReplyItems).toHaveBeenCalledWith(["A"]);
+  });
+
+  it("sends rich messages before quick-reply text so quick replies remain visible", async () => {
+    const replyMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const pushMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const createTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn((text: string, _quickReplies: string[]) => ({
+      type: "text" as const,
+      text,
+      quickReply: { items: ["A"] },
+    }));
+    const createQuickReplyItems = vi.fn((labels: string[]) => ({ items: labels }));
+    const pushMessagesLine = vi.fn(async () => ({ messageId: "push", chatId: "u1" }));
+
+    const lineData = {
+      flexMessage: { altText: "Card", contents: { type: "bubble" } },
+      quickReplies: ["A"],
+    };
+
+    await deliverLineAutoReply({
+      payload: { text: "hello", channelData: { line: lineData } },
+      lineData,
+      to: "line:user:1",
+      replyToken: "token",
+      replyTokenUsed: false,
+      accountId: "acc",
+      textLimit: 5000,
+      deps: {
+        buildTemplateMessageFromPayload: () => null,
+        processLineMessage: (text) => ({ text, flexMessages: [] }),
+        chunkMarkdownText: (text) => [text],
+        sendLineReplyChunks,
+        replyMessageLine,
+        pushMessageLine,
+        pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+        createTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+        createQuickReplyItems,
+        pushMessagesLine,
+        createFlexMessage,
+        createImageMessage,
+        createLocationMessage,
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(pushMessagesLine).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "line:user:1",
+      [createFlexMessage("Card", { type: "bubble" })],
+      { accountId: "acc" },
+    );
+    expect(replyMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "token",
+      [
+        {
+          type: "text",
+          text: "hello",
+          quickReply: { items: ["A"] },
+        },
+      ],
+      { accountId: "acc" },
+    );
+    const pushOrder = pushMessagesLine.mock.invocationCallOrder[0];
+    const replyOrder = replyMessageLine.mock.invocationCallOrder[0];
+    expect(pushOrder).toBeLessThan(replyOrder);
+  });
+});

src/line/auto-reply-delivery.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+import type { messagingApi } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+import type { ReplyPayload } from "../auto-reply/types.js";
+import type { FlexContainer } from "./flex-templates.js";
+import type { ProcessedLineMessage } from "./markdown-to-line.js";
+import type { LineChannelData, LineTemplateMessagePayload } from "./types.js";
+import type { LineReplyMessage, SendLineReplyChunksParams } from "./reply-chunks.js";
+
+export type LineAutoReplyDeps = {
+  buildTemplateMessageFromPayload: (
+    payload: LineTemplateMessagePayload,
+  ) => messagingApi.TemplateMessage | null;
+  processLineMessage: (text: string) => ProcessedLineMessage;
+  chunkMarkdownText: (text: string, limit: number) => string[];
+  sendLineReplyChunks: (params: SendLineReplyChunksParams) => Promise<{ replyTokenUsed: boolean }>;
+  replyMessageLine: (
+    replyToken: string,
+    messages: messagingApi.Message[],
+    opts?: { accountId?: string },
+  ) => Promise<unknown>;
+  pushMessageLine: (to: string, text: string, opts?: { accountId?: string }) => Promise<unknown>;
+  pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies: (
+    to: string,
+    text: string,
+    quickReplies: string[],
+    opts?: { accountId?: string },
+  ) => Promise<unknown>;
+  createTextMessageWithQuickReplies: (text: string, quickReplies: string[]) => LineReplyMessage;
+  createQuickReplyItems: (labels: string[]) => messagingApi.QuickReply;
+  pushMessagesLine: (
+    to: string,
+    messages: messagingApi.Message[],
+    opts?: { accountId?: string },
+  ) => Promise<unknown>;
+  createFlexMessage: (altText: string, contents: FlexContainer) => messagingApi.FlexMessage;
+  createImageMessage: (
+    originalContentUrl: string,
+    previewImageUrl?: string,
+  ) => messagingApi.ImageMessage;
+  createLocationMessage: (location: {
+    title: string;
+    address: string;
+    latitude: number;
+    longitude: number;
+  }) => messagingApi.LocationMessage;
+  onReplyError?: (err: unknown) => void;
+};
+
+export async function deliverLineAutoReply(params: {
+  payload: ReplyPayload;
+  lineData: LineChannelData;
+  to: string;
+  replyToken?: string | null;
+  replyTokenUsed: boolean;
+  accountId?: string;
+  textLimit: number;
+  deps: LineAutoReplyDeps;
+}): Promise<{ replyTokenUsed: boolean }> {
+  const { payload, lineData, replyToken, accountId, to, textLimit, deps } = params;
+  let replyTokenUsed = params.replyTokenUsed;
+
+  const pushLineMessages = async (messages: messagingApi.Message[]): Promise<void> => {
+    if (messages.length === 0) return;
+    for (let i = 0; i < messages.length; i += 5) {
+      await deps.pushMessagesLine(to, messages.slice(i, i + 5), {
+        accountId,
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+  const sendLineMessages = async (
+    messages: messagingApi.Message[],
+    allowReplyToken: boolean,
+  ): Promise<void> => {
+    if (messages.length === 0) return;
+
+    let remaining = messages;
+    if (allowReplyToken && replyToken && !replyTokenUsed) {
+      const replyBatch = remaining.slice(0, 5);
+      try {
+        await deps.replyMessageLine(replyToken, replyBatch, {
+          accountId,
+        });
+      } catch (err) {
+        deps.onReplyError?.(err);
+        await pushLineMessages(replyBatch);
+      }
+      replyTokenUsed = true;
+      remaining = remaining.slice(replyBatch.length);
+    }
+
+    if (remaining.length > 0) {
+      await pushLineMessages(remaining);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const richMessages: messagingApi.Message[] = [];
+  const hasQuickReplies = Boolean(lineData.quickReplies?.length);
+
+  if (lineData.flexMessage) {
+    richMessages.push(
+      deps.createFlexMessage(
+        lineData.flexMessage.altText.slice(0, 400),
+        lineData.flexMessage.contents as FlexContainer,
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (lineData.templateMessage) {
+    const templateMsg = deps.buildTemplateMessageFromPayload(lineData.templateMessage);
+    if (templateMsg) {
+      richMessages.push(templateMsg);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (lineData.location) {
+    richMessages.push(deps.createLocationMessage(lineData.location));
+  }
+
+  const processed = payload.text
+    ? deps.processLineMessage(payload.text)
+    : { text: "", flexMessages: [] };
+
+  for (const flexMsg of processed.flexMessages) {
+    richMessages.push(
+      deps.createFlexMessage(flexMsg.altText.slice(0, 400), flexMsg.contents as FlexContainer),
+    );
+  }
+
+  const chunks = processed.text ? deps.chunkMarkdownText(processed.text, textLimit) : [];
+
+  const mediaUrls = payload.mediaUrls ?? (payload.mediaUrl ? [payload.mediaUrl] : []);
+  const mediaMessages = mediaUrls
+    .map((url) => url?.trim())
+    .filter((url): url is string => Boolean(url))
+    .map((url) => deps.createImageMessage(url));
+
+  if (chunks.length > 0) {
+    const hasRichOrMedia = richMessages.length > 0 || mediaMessages.length > 0;
+    if (hasQuickReplies && hasRichOrMedia) {
+      try {
+        await sendLineMessages([...richMessages, ...mediaMessages], false);
+      } catch (err) {
+        deps.onReplyError?.(err);
+      }
+    }
+    const { replyTokenUsed: nextReplyTokenUsed } = await deps.sendLineReplyChunks({
+      to,
+      chunks,
+      quickReplies: lineData.quickReplies,
+      replyToken,
+      replyTokenUsed,
+      accountId,
+      replyMessageLine: deps.replyMessageLine,
+      pushMessageLine: deps.pushMessageLine,
+      pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies: deps.pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+      createTextMessageWithQuickReplies: deps.createTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+    });
+    replyTokenUsed = nextReplyTokenUsed;
+    if (!hasQuickReplies || !hasRichOrMedia) {
+      await sendLineMessages(richMessages, false);
+      if (mediaMessages.length > 0) {
+        await sendLineMessages(mediaMessages, false);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    const combined = [...richMessages, ...mediaMessages];
+    if (hasQuickReplies && combined.length > 0) {
+      const quickReply = deps.createQuickReplyItems(lineData.quickReplies!);
+      const targetIndex =
+        replyToken && !replyTokenUsed ? Math.min(4, combined.length - 1) : combined.length - 1;
+      const target = combined[targetIndex] as messagingApi.Message & {
+        quickReply?: messagingApi.QuickReply;
+      };
+      combined[targetIndex] = { ...target, quickReply };
+    }
+    await sendLineMessages(combined, true);
+  }
+
+  return { replyTokenUsed };
+}

src/line/bot-access.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+export type NormalizedAllowFrom = {
+  entries: string[];
+  hasWildcard: boolean;
+  hasEntries: boolean;
+};
+
+function normalizeAllowEntry(value: string | number): string {
+  const trimmed = String(value).trim();
+  if (!trimmed) return "";
+  if (trimmed === "*") return "*";
+  return trimmed.replace(/^line:(?:user:)?/i, "");
+}
+
+export const normalizeAllowFrom = (list?: Array<string | number>): NormalizedAllowFrom => {
+  const entries = (list ?? []).map((value) => normalizeAllowEntry(value)).filter(Boolean);
+  const hasWildcard = entries.includes("*");
+  return {
+    entries,
+    hasWildcard,
+    hasEntries: entries.length > 0,
+  };
+};
+
+export const normalizeAllowFromWithStore = (params: {
+  allowFrom?: Array<string | number>;
+  storeAllowFrom?: string[];
+}): NormalizedAllowFrom => {
+  const combined = [...(params.allowFrom ?? []), ...(params.storeAllowFrom ?? [])];
+  return normalizeAllowFrom(combined);
+};
+
+export const firstDefined = <T>(...values: Array<T | undefined>) => {
+  for (const value of values) {
+    if (typeof value !== "undefined") return value;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+export const isSenderAllowed = (params: {
+  allow: NormalizedAllowFrom;
+  senderId?: string;
+}): boolean => {
+  const { allow, senderId } = params;
+  if (!allow.hasEntries) return false;
+  if (allow.hasWildcard) return true;
+  if (!senderId) return false;
+  return allow.entries.includes(senderId);
+};

src/line/bot-handlers.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+import { beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import type { MessageEvent } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+
+const { buildLineMessageContextMock, buildLinePostbackContextMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  buildLineMessageContextMock: vi.fn(async () => ({
+    ctxPayload: { From: "line:group:group-1" },
+    replyToken: "reply-token",
+    route: { agentId: "default" },
+    isGroup: true,
+    accountId: "default",
+  })),
+  buildLinePostbackContextMock: vi.fn(async () => null),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("./bot-message-context.js", () => ({
+  buildLineMessageContext: (...args: unknown[]) => buildLineMessageContextMock(...args),
+  buildLinePostbackContext: (...args: unknown[]) => buildLinePostbackContextMock(...args),
+}));
+
+const { readAllowFromStoreMock, upsertPairingRequestMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  readAllowFromStoreMock: vi.fn(async () => [] as string[]),
+  upsertPairingRequestMock: vi.fn(async () => ({ code: "CODE", created: true })),
+}));
+
+let handleLineWebhookEvents: typeof import("./bot-handlers.js").handleLineWebhookEvents;
+
+vi.mock("../pairing/pairing-store.js", () => ({
+  readChannelAllowFromStore: (...args: unknown[]) => readAllowFromStoreMock(...args),
+  upsertChannelPairingRequest: (...args: unknown[]) => upsertPairingRequestMock(...args),
+}));
+
+describe("handleLineWebhookEvents", () => {
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    ({ handleLineWebhookEvents } = await import("./bot-handlers.js"));
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    buildLineMessageContextMock.mockClear();
+    buildLinePostbackContextMock.mockClear();
+    readAllowFromStoreMock.mockClear();
+    upsertPairingRequestMock.mockClear();
+  });
+
+  it("blocks group messages when groupPolicy is disabled", async () => {
+    const processMessage = vi.fn();
+    const event = {
+      type: "message",
+      message: { id: "m1", type: "text", text: "hi" },
+      replyToken: "reply-token",
+      timestamp: Date.now(),
+      source: { type: "group", groupId: "group-1", userId: "user-1" },
+      mode: "active",
+      webhookEventId: "evt-1",
+      deliveryContext: { isRedelivery: false },
+    } as MessageEvent;
+
+    await handleLineWebhookEvents([event], {
+      cfg: { channels: { line: { groupPolicy: "disabled" } } },
+      account: {
+        accountId: "default",
+        enabled: true,
+        channelAccessToken: "token",
+        channelSecret: "secret",
+        tokenSource: "config",
+        config: { groupPolicy: "disabled" },
+      },
+      runtime: { error: vi.fn() },
+      mediaMaxBytes: 1,
+      processMessage,
+    });
+
+    expect(processMessage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(buildLineMessageContextMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("blocks group messages when allowlist is empty", async () => {
+    const processMessage = vi.fn();
+    const event = {
+      type: "message",
+      message: { id: "m2", type: "text", text: "hi" },
+      replyToken: "reply-token",
+      timestamp: Date.now(),
+      source: { type: "group", groupId: "group-1", userId: "user-2" },
+      mode: "active",
+      webhookEventId: "evt-2",
+      deliveryContext: { isRedelivery: false },
+    } as MessageEvent;
+
+    await handleLineWebhookEvents([event], {
+      cfg: { channels: { line: { groupPolicy: "allowlist" } } },
+      account: {
+        accountId: "default",
+        enabled: true,
+        channelAccessToken: "token",
+        channelSecret: "secret",
+        tokenSource: "config",
+        config: { groupPolicy: "allowlist" },
+      },
+      runtime: { error: vi.fn() },
+      mediaMaxBytes: 1,
+      processMessage,
+    });
+
+    expect(processMessage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(buildLineMessageContextMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("allows group messages when sender is in groupAllowFrom", async () => {
+    const processMessage = vi.fn();
+    const event = {
+      type: "message",
+      message: { id: "m3", type: "text", text: "hi" },
+      replyToken: "reply-token",
+      timestamp: Date.now(),
+      source: { type: "group", groupId: "group-1", userId: "user-3" },
+      mode: "active",
+      webhookEventId: "evt-3",
+      deliveryContext: { isRedelivery: false },
+    } as MessageEvent;
+
+    await handleLineWebhookEvents([event], {
+      cfg: {
+        channels: { line: { groupPolicy: "allowlist", groupAllowFrom: ["user-3"] } },
+      },
+      account: {
+        accountId: "default",
+        enabled: true,
+        channelAccessToken: "token",
+        channelSecret: "secret",
+        tokenSource: "config",
+        config: { groupPolicy: "allowlist", groupAllowFrom: ["user-3"] },
+      },
+      runtime: { error: vi.fn() },
+      mediaMaxBytes: 1,
+      processMessage,
+    });
+
+    expect(buildLineMessageContextMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(processMessage).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("blocks group messages when wildcard group config disables groups", async () => {
+    const processMessage = vi.fn();
+    const event = {
+      type: "message",
+      message: { id: "m4", type: "text", text: "hi" },
+      replyToken: "reply-token",
+      timestamp: Date.now(),
+      source: { type: "group", groupId: "group-2", userId: "user-4" },
+      mode: "active",
+      webhookEventId: "evt-4",
+      deliveryContext: { isRedelivery: false },
+    } as MessageEvent;
+
+    await handleLineWebhookEvents([event], {
+      cfg: { channels: { line: { groupPolicy: "open" } } },
+      account: {
+        accountId: "default",
+        enabled: true,
+        channelAccessToken: "token",
+        channelSecret: "secret",
+        tokenSource: "config",
+        config: { groupPolicy: "open", groups: { "*": { enabled: false } } },
+      },
+      runtime: { error: vi.fn() },
+      mediaMaxBytes: 1,
+      processMessage,
+    });
+
+    expect(processMessage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(buildLineMessageContextMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

src/line/bot-handlers.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+import type {
+  WebhookEvent,
+  MessageEvent,
+  FollowEvent,
+  UnfollowEvent,
+  JoinEvent,
+  LeaveEvent,
+  PostbackEvent,
+  EventSource,
+} from "@line/bot-sdk";
+import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import { danger, logVerbose } from "../globals.js";
+import { resolvePairingIdLabel } from "../pairing/pairing-labels.js";
+import { buildPairingReply } from "../pairing/pairing-messages.js";
+import {
+  readChannelAllowFromStore,
+  upsertChannelPairingRequest,
+} from "../pairing/pairing-store.js";
+import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime.js";
+import {
+  buildLineMessageContext,
+  buildLinePostbackContext,
+  type LineInboundContext,
+} from "./bot-message-context.js";
+import { firstDefined, isSenderAllowed, normalizeAllowFromWithStore } from "./bot-access.js";
+import { downloadLineMedia } from "./download.js";
+import { pushMessageLine, replyMessageLine } from "./send.js";
+import type { LineGroupConfig, ResolvedLineAccount } from "./types.js";
+
+interface MediaRef {
+  path: string;
+  contentType?: string;
+}
+
+export interface LineHandlerContext {
+  cfg: ClawdbotConfig;
+  account: ResolvedLineAccount;
+  runtime: RuntimeEnv;
+  mediaMaxBytes: number;
+  processMessage: (ctx: LineInboundContext) => Promise<void>;
+}
+
+type LineSourceInfo = {
+  userId?: string;
+  groupId?: string;
+  roomId?: string;
+  isGroup: boolean;
+};
+
+function getSourceInfo(source: EventSource): LineSourceInfo {
+  const userId =
+    source.type === "user"
+      ? source.userId
+      : source.type === "group"
+        ? source.userId
+        : source.type === "room"
+          ? source.userId
+          : undefined;
+  const groupId = source.type === "group" ? source.groupId : undefined;
+  const roomId = source.type === "room" ? source.roomId : undefined;
+  const isGroup = source.type === "group" || source.type === "room";
+  return { userId, groupId, roomId, isGroup };
+}
+
+function resolveLineGroupConfig(params: {
+  config: ResolvedLineAccount["config"];
+  groupId?: string;
+  roomId?: string;
+}): LineGroupConfig | undefined {
+  const groups = params.config.groups ?? {};
+  if (params.groupId) {
+    return groups[params.groupId] ?? groups[`group:${params.groupId}`] ?? groups["*"];
+  }
+  if (params.roomId) {
+    return groups[params.roomId] ?? groups[`room:${params.roomId}`] ?? groups["*"];
+  }
+  return groups["*"];
+}
+
+async function sendLinePairingReply(params: {
+  senderId: string;
+  replyToken?: string;
+  context: LineHandlerContext;
+}): Promise<void> {
+  const { senderId, replyToken, context } = params;
+  const { code, created } = await upsertChannelPairingRequest({
+    channel: "line",
+    id: senderId,
+  });
+  if (!created) return;
+  logVerbose(`line pairing request sender=${senderId}`);
+  const idLabel = (() => {
+    try {
+      return resolvePairingIdLabel("line");
+    } catch {
+      return "lineUserId";
+    }
+  })();
+  const text = buildPairingReply({
+    channel: "line",
+    idLine: `Your ${idLabel}: ${senderId}`,
+    code,
+  });
+  try {
+    if (replyToken) {
+      await replyMessageLine(replyToken, [{ type: "text", text }], {
+        accountId: context.account.accountId,
+        channelAccessToken: context.account.channelAccessToken,
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    logVerbose(`line pairing reply failed for ${senderId}: ${String(err)}`);
+  }
+  try {
+    await pushMessageLine(`line:${senderId}`, text, {
+      accountId: context.account.accountId,
+      channelAccessToken: context.account.channelAccessToken,
+    });
+  } catch (err) {
+    logVerbose(`line pairing reply failed for ${senderId}: ${String(err)}`);
+  }
+}
+
+async function shouldProcessLineEvent(
+  event: MessageEvent | PostbackEvent,
+  context: LineHandlerContext,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  const { cfg, account } = context;
+  const { userId, groupId, roomId, isGroup } = getSourceInfo(event.source);
+  const senderId = userId ?? "";
+
+  const storeAllowFrom = await readChannelAllowFromStore("line").catch(() => []);
+  const effectiveDmAllow = normalizeAllowFromWithStore({
+    allowFrom: account.config.allowFrom,
+    storeAllowFrom,
+  });
+  const groupConfig = resolveLineGroupConfig({ config: account.config, groupId, roomId });
+  const groupAllowOverride = groupConfig?.allowFrom;
+  const fallbackGroupAllowFrom = account.config.allowFrom?.length
+    ? account.config.allowFrom
+    : undefined;
+  const groupAllowFrom = firstDefined(
+    groupAllowOverride,
+    account.config.groupAllowFrom,
+    fallbackGroupAllowFrom,
+  );
+  const effectiveGroupAllow = normalizeAllowFromWithStore({
+    allowFrom: groupAllowFrom,
+    storeAllowFrom,
+  });
+  const dmPolicy = account.config.dmPolicy ?? "pairing";
+  const defaultGroupPolicy = cfg.channels?.defaults?.groupPolicy;
+  const groupPolicy = account.config.groupPolicy ?? defaultGroupPolicy ?? "allowlist";
+
+  if (isGroup) {
+    if (groupConfig?.enabled === false) {
+      logVerbose(`Blocked line group ${groupId ?? roomId ?? "unknown"} (group disabled)`);
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (typeof groupAllowOverride !== "undefined") {
+      if (!senderId) {
+        logVerbose("Blocked line group message (group allowFrom override, no sender ID)");
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (!isSenderAllowed({ allow: effectiveGroupAllow, senderId })) {
+        logVerbose(`Blocked line group sender ${senderId} (group allowFrom override)`);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    if (groupPolicy === "disabled") {
+      logVerbose("Blocked line group message (groupPolicy: disabled)");
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (groupPolicy === "allowlist") {
+      if (!senderId) {
+        logVerbose("Blocked line group message (no sender ID, groupPolicy: allowlist)");
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (!effectiveGroupAllow.hasEntries) {
+        logVerbose("Blocked line group message (groupPolicy: allowlist, no groupAllowFrom)");
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (!isSenderAllowed({ allow: effectiveGroupAllow, senderId })) {
+        logVerbose(`Blocked line group message from ${senderId} (groupPolicy: allowlist)`);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (dmPolicy === "disabled") {
+    logVerbose("Blocked line sender (dmPolicy: disabled)");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const dmAllowed = dmPolicy === "open" || isSenderAllowed({ allow: effectiveDmAllow, senderId });
+  if (!dmAllowed) {
+    if (dmPolicy === "pairing") {
+      if (!senderId) {
+        logVerbose("Blocked line sender (dmPolicy: pairing, no sender ID)");
+        return false;
+      }
+      await sendLinePairingReply({
+        senderId,
+        replyToken: "replyToken" in event ? event.replyToken : undefined,
+        context,
+      });
+    } else {
+      logVerbose(`Blocked line sender ${senderId || "unknown"} (dmPolicy: ${dmPolicy})`);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+async function handleMessageEvent(event: MessageEvent, context: LineHandlerContext): Promise<void> {
+  const { cfg, account, runtime, mediaMaxBytes, processMessage } = context;
+  const message = event.message;
+
+  if (!(await shouldProcessLineEvent(event, context))) return;
+
+  // Download media if applicable
+  const allMedia: MediaRef[] = [];
+
+  if (message.type === "image" || message.type === "video" || message.type === "audio") {
+    try {
+      const media = await downloadLineMedia(message.id, account.channelAccessToken, mediaMaxBytes);
+      allMedia.push({
+        path: media.path,
+        contentType: media.contentType,
+      });
+    } catch (err) {
+      const errMsg = String(err);
+      if (errMsg.includes("exceeds") && errMsg.includes("limit")) {
+        logVerbose(`line: media exceeds size limit for message ${message.id}`);
+        // Continue without media
+      } else {
+        runtime.error?.(danger(`line: failed to download media: ${errMsg}`));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const messageContext = await buildLineMessageContext({
+    event,
+    allMedia,
+    cfg,
+    account,
+  });
+
+  if (!messageContext) {
+    logVerbose("line: skipping empty message");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  await processMessage(messageContext);
+}
+
+async function handleFollowEvent(event: FollowEvent, _context: LineHandlerContext): Promise<void> {
+  const userId = event.source.type === "user" ? event.source.userId : undefined;
+  logVerbose(`line: user ${userId ?? "unknown"} followed`);
+  // Could implement welcome message here
+}
+
+async function handleUnfollowEvent(
+  event: UnfollowEvent,
+  _context: LineHandlerContext,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const userId = event.source.type === "user" ? event.source.userId : undefined;
+  logVerbose(`line: user ${userId ?? "unknown"} unfollowed`);
+}
+
+async function handleJoinEvent(event: JoinEvent, _context: LineHandlerContext): Promise<void> {
+  const groupId = event.source.type === "group" ? event.source.groupId : undefined;
+  const roomId = event.source.type === "room" ? event.source.roomId : undefined;
+  logVerbose(`line: bot joined ${groupId ? `group ${groupId}` : `room ${roomId}`}`);
+}
+
+async function handleLeaveEvent(event: LeaveEvent, _context: LineHandlerContext): Promise<void> {
+  const groupId = event.source.type === "group" ? event.source.groupId : undefined;
+  const roomId = event.source.type === "room" ? event.source.roomId : undefined;
+  logVerbose(`line: bot left ${groupId ? `group ${groupId}` : `room ${roomId}`}`);
+}
+
+async function handlePostbackEvent(
+  event: PostbackEvent,
+  context: LineHandlerContext,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const data = event.postback.data;
+  logVerbose(`line: received postback: ${data}`);
+
+  if (!(await shouldProcessLineEvent(event, context))) return;
+
+  const postbackContext = await buildLinePostbackContext({
+    event,
+    cfg: context.cfg,
+    account: context.account,
+  });
+  if (!postbackContext) return;
+
+  await context.processMessage(postbackContext);
+}
+
+export async function handleLineWebhookEvents(
+  events: WebhookEvent[],
+  context: LineHandlerContext,
+): Promise<void> {
+  for (const event of events) {
+    try {
+      switch (event.type) {
+        case "message":
+          await handleMessageEvent(event, context);
+          break;
+        case "follow":
+          await handleFollowEvent(event, context);
+          break;
+        case "unfollow":
+          await handleUnfollowEvent(event, context);
+          break;
+        case "join":
+          await handleJoinEvent(event, context);
+          break;
+        case "leave":
+          await handleLeaveEvent(event, context);
+          break;
+        case "postback":
+          await handlePostbackEvent(event, context);
+          break;
+        default:
+          logVerbose(`line: unhandled event type: ${(event as WebhookEvent).type}`);
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      context.runtime.error?.(danger(`line: event handler failed: ${String(err)}`));
+    }
+  }
+}

src/line/bot-message-context.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import fs from "node:fs/promises";
+import os from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+import type { MessageEvent, PostbackEvent } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import type { ResolvedLineAccount } from "./types.js";
+import { buildLineMessageContext, buildLinePostbackContext } from "./bot-message-context.js";
+
+describe("buildLineMessageContext", () => {
+  let tmpDir: string;
+  let storePath: string;
+  let cfg: ClawdbotConfig;
+  const account: ResolvedLineAccount = {
+    accountId: "default",
+    enabled: true,
+    channelAccessToken: "token",
+    channelSecret: "secret",
+    tokenSource: "config",
+    config: {},
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    tmpDir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "clawdbot-line-context-"));
+    storePath = path.join(tmpDir, "sessions.json");
+    cfg = { session: { store: storePath } };
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await fs.rm(tmpDir, {
+      recursive: true,
+      force: true,
+      maxRetries: 3,
+      retryDelay: 50,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("routes group message replies to the group id", async () => {
+    const event = {
+      type: "message",
+      message: { id: "1", type: "text", text: "hello" },
+      replyToken: "reply-token",
+      timestamp: Date.now(),
+      source: { type: "group", groupId: "group-1", userId: "user-1" },
+      mode: "active",
+      webhookEventId: "evt-1",
+      deliveryContext: { isRedelivery: false },
+    } as MessageEvent;
+
+    const context = await buildLineMessageContext({
+      event,
+      allMedia: [],
+      cfg,
+      account,
+    });
+
+    expect(context.ctxPayload.OriginatingTo).toBe("line:group:group-1");
+    expect(context.ctxPayload.To).toBe("line:group:group-1");
+  });
+
+  it("routes group postback replies to the group id", async () => {
+    const event = {
+      type: "postback",
+      postback: { data: "action=select" },
+      replyToken: "reply-token",
+      timestamp: Date.now(),
+      source: { type: "group", groupId: "group-2", userId: "user-2" },
+      mode: "active",
+      webhookEventId: "evt-2",
+      deliveryContext: { isRedelivery: false },
+    } as PostbackEvent;
+
+    const context = await buildLinePostbackContext({
+      event,
+      cfg,
+      account,
+    });
+
+    expect(context?.ctxPayload.OriginatingTo).toBe("line:group:group-2");
+    expect(context?.ctxPayload.To).toBe("line:group:group-2");
+  });
+});

src/line/bot-message-context.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+import type {
+  MessageEvent,
+  TextEventMessage,
+  StickerEventMessage,
+  LocationEventMessage,
+  EventSource,
+  PostbackEvent,
+} from "@line/bot-sdk";
+import { formatInboundEnvelope, resolveEnvelopeFormatOptions } from "../auto-reply/envelope.js";
+import { finalizeInboundContext } from "../auto-reply/reply/inbound-context.js";
+import { formatLocationText, toLocationContext } from "../channels/location.js";
+import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import {
+  readSessionUpdatedAt,
+  recordSessionMetaFromInbound,
+  resolveStorePath,
+  updateLastRoute,
+} from "../config/sessions.js";
+import { logVerbose, shouldLogVerbose } from "../globals.js";
+import { recordChannelActivity } from "../infra/channel-activity.js";
+import { resolveAgentRoute } from "../routing/resolve-route.js";
+import type { ResolvedLineAccount } from "./types.js";
+
+interface MediaRef {
+  path: string;
+  contentType?: string;
+}
+
+interface BuildLineMessageContextParams {
+  event: MessageEvent;
+  allMedia: MediaRef[];
+  cfg: ClawdbotConfig;
+  account: ResolvedLineAccount;
+}
+
+function getSourceInfo(source: EventSource): {
+  userId?: string;
+  groupId?: string;
+  roomId?: string;
+  isGroup: boolean;
+} {
+  const userId =
+    source.type === "user"
+      ? source.userId
+      : source.type === "group"
+        ? source.userId
+        : source.type === "room"
+          ? source.userId
+          : undefined;
+  const groupId = source.type === "group" ? source.groupId : undefined;
+  const roomId = source.type === "room" ? source.roomId : undefined;
+  const isGroup = source.type === "group" || source.type === "room";
+
+  return { userId, groupId, roomId, isGroup };
+}
+
+function buildPeerId(source: EventSource): string {
+  if (source.type === "group" && source.groupId) {
+    return `group:${source.groupId}`;
+  }
+  if (source.type === "room" && source.roomId) {
+    return `room:${source.roomId}`;
+  }
+  if (source.type === "user" && source.userId) {
+    return source.userId;
+  }
+  return "unknown";
+}
+
+// Common LINE sticker package descriptions
+const STICKER_PACKAGES: Record<string, string> = {
+  "1": "Moon & James",
+  "2": "Cony & Brown",
+  "3": "Brown & Friends",
+  "4": "Moon Special",
+  "11537": "Cony",
+  "11538": "Brown",
+  "11539": "Moon",
+  "6136": "Cony's Happy Life",
+  "6325": "Brown's Life",
+  "6359": "Choco",
+  "6362": "Sally",
+  "6370": "Edward",
+  "789": "LINE Characters",
+};
+
+function describeStickerKeywords(sticker: StickerEventMessage): string {
+  // Use sticker keywords if available (LINE provides these for some stickers)
+  const keywords = (sticker as StickerEventMessage & { keywords?: string[] }).keywords;
+  if (keywords && keywords.length > 0) {
+    return keywords.slice(0, 3).join(", ");
+  }
+
+  // Use sticker text if available
+  const stickerText = (sticker as StickerEventMessage & { text?: string }).text;
+  if (stickerText) {
+    return stickerText;
+  }
+
+  return "";
+}
+
+function extractMessageText(message: MessageEvent["message"]): string {
+  if (message.type === "text") {
+    return (message as TextEventMessage).text;
+  }
+  if (message.type === "location") {
+    const loc = message as LocationEventMessage;
+    return (
+      formatLocationText({
+        latitude: loc.latitude,
+        longitude: loc.longitude,
+        name: loc.title,
+        address: loc.address,
+      }) ?? ""
+    );
+  }
+  if (message.type === "sticker") {
+    const sticker = message as StickerEventMessage;
+    const packageName = STICKER_PACKAGES[sticker.packageId] ?? "sticker";
+    const keywords = describeStickerKeywords(sticker);
+
+    if (keywords) {
+      return `[Sent a ${packageName} sticker: ${keywords}]`;
+    }
+    return `[Sent a ${packageName} sticker]`;
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+function extractMediaPlaceholder(message: MessageEvent["message"]): string {
+  switch (message.type) {
+    case "image":
+      return "<media:image>";
+    case "video":
+      return "<media:video>";
+    case "audio":
+      return "<media:audio>";
+    case "file":
+      return "<media:document>";
+    default:
+      return "";
+  }
+}
+
+export async function buildLineMessageContext(params: BuildLineMessageContextParams) {
+  const { event, allMedia, cfg, account } = params;
+
+  recordChannelActivity({
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+    direction: "inbound",
+  });
+
+  const source = event.source;
+  const { userId, groupId, roomId, isGroup } = getSourceInfo(source);
+  const peerId = buildPeerId(source);
+
+  const route = resolveAgentRoute({
+    cfg,
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+    peer: {
+      kind: isGroup ? "group" : "dm",
+      id: peerId,
+    },
+  });
+
+  const message = event.message;
+  const messageId = message.id;
+  const timestamp = event.timestamp;
+
+  // Build message body
+  const textContent = extractMessageText(message);
+  const placeholder = extractMediaPlaceholder(message);
+
+  let rawBody = textContent || placeholder;
+  if (!rawBody && allMedia.length > 0) {
+    rawBody = `<media:image>${allMedia.length > 1 ? ` (${allMedia.length} images)` : ""}`;
+  }
+
+  if (!rawBody && allMedia.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // Build sender info
+  const senderId = userId ?? "unknown";
+  const senderLabel = userId ? `user:${userId}` : "unknown";
+
+  // Build conversation label
+  const conversationLabel = isGroup
+    ? groupId
+      ? `group:${groupId}`
+      : roomId
+        ? `room:${roomId}`
+        : "unknown-group"
+    : senderLabel;
+
+  const storePath = resolveStorePath(cfg.session?.store, {
+    agentId: route.agentId,
+  });
+
+  const envelopeOptions = resolveEnvelopeFormatOptions(cfg);
+  const previousTimestamp = readSessionUpdatedAt({
+    storePath,
+    sessionKey: route.sessionKey,
+  });
+
+  const body = formatInboundEnvelope({
+    channel: "LINE",
+    from: conversationLabel,
+    timestamp,
+    body: rawBody,
+    chatType: isGroup ? "group" : "direct",
+    sender: {
+      id: senderId,
+    },
+    previousTimestamp,
+    envelope: envelopeOptions,
+  });
+
+  // Build location context if applicable
+  let locationContext: ReturnType<typeof toLocationContext> | undefined;
+  if (message.type === "location") {
+    const loc = message as LocationEventMessage;
+    locationContext = toLocationContext({
+      latitude: loc.latitude,
+      longitude: loc.longitude,
+      name: loc.title,
+      address: loc.address,
+    });
+  }
+
+  const fromAddress = isGroup
+    ? groupId
+      ? `line:group:${groupId}`
+      : roomId
+        ? `line:room:${roomId}`
+        : `line:${peerId}`
+    : `line:${userId ?? peerId}`;
+  const toAddress = isGroup ? fromAddress : `line:${userId ?? peerId}`;
+  const originatingTo = isGroup ? fromAddress : `line:${userId ?? peerId}`;
+
+  const ctxPayload = finalizeInboundContext({
+    Body: body,
+    RawBody: rawBody,
+    CommandBody: rawBody,
+    From: fromAddress,
+    To: toAddress,
+    SessionKey: route.sessionKey,
+    AccountId: route.accountId,
+    ChatType: isGroup ? "group" : "direct",
+    ConversationLabel: conversationLabel,
+    GroupSubject: isGroup ? (groupId ?? roomId) : undefined,
+    SenderId: senderId,
+    Provider: "line",
+    Surface: "line",
+    MessageSid: messageId,
+    Timestamp: timestamp,
+    MediaPath: allMedia[0]?.path,
+    MediaType: allMedia[0]?.contentType,
+    MediaUrl: allMedia[0]?.path,
+    MediaPaths: allMedia.length > 0 ? allMedia.map((m) => m.path) : undefined,
+    MediaUrls: allMedia.length > 0 ? allMedia.map((m) => m.path) : undefined,
+    MediaTypes:
+      allMedia.length > 0
+        ? (allMedia.map((m) => m.contentType).filter(Boolean) as string[])
+        : undefined,
+    ...locationContext,
+    OriginatingChannel: "line" as const,
+    OriginatingTo: originatingTo,
+  });
+
+  void recordSessionMetaFromInbound({
+    storePath,
+    sessionKey: ctxPayload.SessionKey ?? route.sessionKey,
+    ctx: ctxPayload,
+  }).catch((err) => {
+    logVerbose(`line: failed updating session meta: ${String(err)}`);
+  });
+
+  if (!isGroup) {
+    await updateLastRoute({
+      storePath,
+      sessionKey: route.mainSessionKey,
+      deliveryContext: {
+        channel: "line",
+        to: userId ?? peerId,
+        accountId: route.accountId,
+      },
+      ctx: ctxPayload,
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (shouldLogVerbose()) {
+    const preview = body.slice(0, 200).replace(/\n/g, "\\n");
+    const mediaInfo = allMedia.length > 1 ? ` mediaCount=${allMedia.length}` : "";
+    logVerbose(
+      `line inbound: from=${ctxPayload.From} len=${body.length}${mediaInfo} preview="${preview}"`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ctxPayload,
+    event,
+    userId,
+    groupId,
+    roomId,
+    isGroup,
+    route,
+    replyToken: event.replyToken,
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function buildLinePostbackContext(params: {
+  event: PostbackEvent;
+  cfg: ClawdbotConfig;
+  account: ResolvedLineAccount;
+}) {
+  const { event, cfg, account } = params;
+
+  recordChannelActivity({
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+    direction: "inbound",
+  });
+
+  const source = event.source;
+  const { userId, groupId, roomId, isGroup } = getSourceInfo(source);
+  const peerId = buildPeerId(source);
+
+  const route = resolveAgentRoute({
+    cfg,
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+    peer: {
+      kind: isGroup ? "group" : "dm",
+      id: peerId,
+    },
+  });
+
+  const timestamp = event.timestamp;
+  const rawData = event.postback?.data?.trim() ?? "";
+  if (!rawData) return null;
+  let rawBody = rawData;
+  if (rawData.includes("line.action=")) {
+    const params = new URLSearchParams(rawData);
+    const action = params.get("line.action") ?? "";
+    const device = params.get("line.device");
+    rawBody = device ? `line action ${action} device ${device}` : `line action ${action}`;
+  }
+
+  const senderId = userId ?? "unknown";
+  const senderLabel = userId ? `user:${userId}` : "unknown";
+
+  const conversationLabel = isGroup
+    ? groupId
+      ? `group:${groupId}`
+      : roomId
+        ? `room:${roomId}`
+        : "unknown-group"
+    : senderLabel;
+
+  const storePath = resolveStorePath(cfg.session?.store, {
+    agentId: route.agentId,
+  });
+
+  const envelopeOptions = resolveEnvelopeFormatOptions(cfg);
+  const previousTimestamp = readSessionUpdatedAt({
+    storePath,
+    sessionKey: route.sessionKey,
+  });
+
+  const body = formatInboundEnvelope({
+    channel: "LINE",
+    from: conversationLabel,
+    timestamp,
+    body: rawBody,
+    chatType: isGroup ? "group" : "direct",
+    sender: {
+      id: senderId,
+    },
+    previousTimestamp,
+    envelope: envelopeOptions,
+  });
+
+  const fromAddress = isGroup
+    ? groupId
+      ? `line:group:${groupId}`
+      : roomId
+        ? `line:room:${roomId}`
+        : `line:${peerId}`
+    : `line:${userId ?? peerId}`;
+  const toAddress = isGroup ? fromAddress : `line:${userId ?? peerId}`;
+  const originatingTo = isGroup ? fromAddress : `line:${userId ?? peerId}`;
+
+  const ctxPayload = finalizeInboundContext({
+    Body: body,
+    RawBody: rawBody,
+    CommandBody: rawBody,
+    From: fromAddress,
+    To: toAddress,
+    SessionKey: route.sessionKey,
+    AccountId: route.accountId,
+    ChatType: isGroup ? "group" : "direct",
+    ConversationLabel: conversationLabel,
+    GroupSubject: isGroup ? (groupId ?? roomId) : undefined,
+    SenderId: senderId,
+    Provider: "line",
+    Surface: "line",
+    MessageSid: event.replyToken ? `postback:${event.replyToken}` : `postback:${timestamp}`,
+    Timestamp: timestamp,
+    MediaPath: "",
+    MediaType: undefined,
+    MediaUrl: "",
+    MediaPaths: undefined,
+    MediaUrls: undefined,
+    MediaTypes: undefined,
+    OriginatingChannel: "line" as const,
+    OriginatingTo: originatingTo,
+  });
+
+  void recordSessionMetaFromInbound({
+    storePath,
+    sessionKey: ctxPayload.SessionKey ?? route.sessionKey,
+    ctx: ctxPayload,
+  }).catch((err) => {
+    logVerbose(`line: failed updating session meta: ${String(err)}`);
+  });
+
+  if (!isGroup) {
+    await updateLastRoute({
+      storePath,
+      sessionKey: route.mainSessionKey,
+      deliveryContext: {
+        channel: "line",
+        to: userId ?? peerId,
+        accountId: route.accountId,
+      },
+      ctx: ctxPayload,
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (shouldLogVerbose()) {
+    const preview = body.slice(0, 200).replace(/\n/g, "\\n");
+    logVerbose(`line postback: from=${ctxPayload.From} len=${body.length} preview="${preview}"`);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ctxPayload,
+    event,
+    userId,
+    groupId,
+    roomId,
+    isGroup,
+    route,
+    replyToken: event.replyToken,
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+  };
+}
+
+export type LineMessageContext = NonNullable<Awaited<ReturnType<typeof buildLineMessageContext>>>;
+export type LinePostbackContext = NonNullable<Awaited<ReturnType<typeof buildLinePostbackContext>>>;
+export type LineInboundContext = LineMessageContext | LinePostbackContext;

src/line/bot.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import type { WebhookRequestBody } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import { loadConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import { logVerbose } from "../globals.js";
+import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime.js";
+import { resolveLineAccount } from "./accounts.js";
+import { handleLineWebhookEvents } from "./bot-handlers.js";
+import type { LineInboundContext } from "./bot-message-context.js";
+import { startLineWebhook } from "./webhook.js";
+import type { ResolvedLineAccount } from "./types.js";
+
+export interface LineBotOptions {
+  channelAccessToken: string;
+  channelSecret: string;
+  accountId?: string;
+  runtime?: RuntimeEnv;
+  config?: ClawdbotConfig;
+  mediaMaxMb?: number;
+  onMessage?: (ctx: LineInboundContext) => Promise<void>;
+}
+
+export interface LineBot {
+  handleWebhook: (body: WebhookRequestBody) => Promise<void>;
+  account: ResolvedLineAccount;
+}
+
+export function createLineBot(opts: LineBotOptions): LineBot {
+  const runtime: RuntimeEnv = opts.runtime ?? {
+    log: console.log,
+    error: console.error,
+    exit: (code: number): never => {
+      throw new Error(`exit ${code}`);
+    },
+  };
+
+  const cfg = opts.config ?? loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+
+  const mediaMaxBytes = (opts.mediaMaxMb ?? account.config.mediaMaxMb ?? 10) * 1024 * 1024;
+
+  const processMessage =
+    opts.onMessage ??
+    (async () => {
+      logVerbose("line: no message handler configured");
+    });
+
+  const handleWebhook = async (body: WebhookRequestBody): Promise<void> => {
+    if (!body.events || body.events.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    await handleLineWebhookEvents(body.events, {
+      cfg,
+      account,
+      runtime,
+      mediaMaxBytes,
+      processMessage,
+    });
+  };
+
+  return {
+    handleWebhook,
+    account,
+  };
+}
+
+export function createLineWebhookCallback(
+  bot: LineBot,
+  channelSecret: string,
+  path = "/line/webhook",
+) {
+  const { handler } = startLineWebhook({
+    channelSecret,
+    onEvents: bot.handleWebhook,
+    path,
+  });
+
+  return { path, handler };
+}

src/line/config-schema.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { z } from "zod";
+
+const DmPolicySchema = z.enum(["open", "allowlist", "pairing", "disabled"]);
+const GroupPolicySchema = z.enum(["open", "allowlist", "disabled"]);
+
+const LineGroupConfigSchema = z
+  .object({
+    enabled: z.boolean().optional(),
+    allowFrom: z.array(z.union([z.string(), z.number()])).optional(),
+    requireMention: z.boolean().optional(),
+    systemPrompt: z.string().optional(),
+    skills: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
+  })
+  .strict();
+
+const LineAccountConfigSchema = z
+  .object({
+    enabled: z.boolean().optional(),
+    channelAccessToken: z.string().optional(),
+    channelSecret: z.string().optional(),
+    tokenFile: z.string().optional(),
+    secretFile: z.string().optional(),
+    name: z.string().optional(),
+    allowFrom: z.array(z.union([z.string(), z.number()])).optional(),
+    groupAllowFrom: z.array(z.union([z.string(), z.number()])).optional(),
+    dmPolicy: DmPolicySchema.optional().default("pairing"),
+    groupPolicy: GroupPolicySchema.optional().default("allowlist"),
+    mediaMaxMb: z.number().optional(),
+    webhookPath: z.string().optional(),
+    groups: z.record(z.string(), LineGroupConfigSchema.optional()).optional(),
+  })
+  .strict();
+
+export const LineConfigSchema = z
+  .object({
+    enabled: z.boolean().optional(),
+    channelAccessToken: z.string().optional(),
+    channelSecret: z.string().optional(),
+    tokenFile: z.string().optional(),
+    secretFile: z.string().optional(),
+    name: z.string().optional(),
+    allowFrom: z.array(z.union([z.string(), z.number()])).optional(),
+    groupAllowFrom: z.array(z.union([z.string(), z.number()])).optional(),
+    dmPolicy: DmPolicySchema.optional().default("pairing"),
+    groupPolicy: GroupPolicySchema.optional().default("allowlist"),
+    mediaMaxMb: z.number().optional(),
+    webhookPath: z.string().optional(),
+    accounts: z.record(z.string(), LineAccountConfigSchema.optional()).optional(),
+    groups: z.record(z.string(), LineGroupConfigSchema.optional()).optional(),
+  })
+  .strict();
+
+export type LineConfigSchemaType = z.infer<typeof LineConfigSchema>;

src/line/download.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+import os from "node:os";
+import { messagingApi } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+import { logVerbose } from "../globals.js";
+
+interface DownloadResult {
+  path: string;
+  contentType?: string;
+  size: number;
+}
+
+export async function downloadLineMedia(
+  messageId: string,
+  channelAccessToken: string,
+  maxBytes = 10 * 1024 * 1024,
+): Promise<DownloadResult> {
+  const client = new messagingApi.MessagingApiBlobClient({
+    channelAccessToken,
+  });
+
+  const response = await client.getMessageContent(messageId);
+
+  // response is a Readable stream
+  const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+  let totalSize = 0;
+
+  for await (const chunk of response as AsyncIterable<Buffer>) {
+    totalSize += chunk.length;
+    if (totalSize > maxBytes) {
+      throw new Error(`Media exceeds ${Math.round(maxBytes / (1024 * 1024))}MB limit`);
+    }
+    chunks.push(chunk);
+  }
+
+  const buffer = Buffer.concat(chunks);
+
+  // Determine content type from magic bytes
+  const contentType = detectContentType(buffer);
+  const ext = getExtensionForContentType(contentType);
+
+  // Write to temp file
+  const tempDir = os.tmpdir();
+  const fileName = `line-media-${messageId}-${Date.now()}${ext}`;
+  const filePath = path.join(tempDir, fileName);
+
+  await fs.promises.writeFile(filePath, buffer);
+
+  logVerbose(`line: downloaded media ${messageId} to ${filePath} (${buffer.length} bytes)`);
+
+  return {
+    path: filePath,
+    contentType,
+    size: buffer.length,
+  };
+}
+
+function detectContentType(buffer: Buffer): string {
+  // Check magic bytes
+  if (buffer.length >= 2) {
+    // JPEG
+    if (buffer[0] === 0xff && buffer[1] === 0xd8) {
+      return "image/jpeg";
+    }
+    // PNG
+    if (buffer[0] === 0x89 && buffer[1] === 0x50 && buffer[2] === 0x4e && buffer[3] === 0x47) {
+      return "image/png";
+    }
+    // GIF
+    if (buffer[0] === 0x47 && buffer[1] === 0x49 && buffer[2] === 0x46) {
+      return "image/gif";
+    }
+    // WebP
+    if (
+      buffer[0] === 0x52 &&
+      buffer[1] === 0x49 &&
+      buffer[2] === 0x46 &&
+      buffer[3] === 0x46 &&
+      buffer[8] === 0x57 &&
+      buffer[9] === 0x45 &&
+      buffer[10] === 0x42 &&
+      buffer[11] === 0x50
+    ) {
+      return "image/webp";
+    }
+    // MP4
+    if (buffer[4] === 0x66 && buffer[5] === 0x74 && buffer[6] === 0x79 && buffer[7] === 0x70) {
+      return "video/mp4";
+    }
+    // M4A/AAC
+    if (buffer[0] === 0x00 && buffer[1] === 0x00 && buffer[2] === 0x00) {
+      if (buffer[4] === 0x66 && buffer[5] === 0x74 && buffer[6] === 0x79 && buffer[7] === 0x70) {
+        return "audio/mp4";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return "application/octet-stream";
+}
+
+function getExtensionForContentType(contentType: string): string {
+  switch (contentType) {
+    case "image/jpeg":
+      return ".jpg";
+    case "image/png":
+      return ".png";
+    case "image/gif":
+      return ".gif";
+    case "image/webp":
+      return ".webp";
+    case "video/mp4":
+      return ".mp4";
+    case "audio/mp4":
+      return ".m4a";
+    case "audio/mpeg":
+      return ".mp3";
+    default:
+      return ".bin";
+  }
+}

src/line/flex-templates.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  createInfoCard,
+  createListCard,
+  createImageCard,
+  createActionCard,
+  createCarousel,
+  createNotificationBubble,
+  createReceiptCard,
+  createEventCard,
+  createAgendaCard,
+  createMediaPlayerCard,
+  createAppleTvRemoteCard,
+  createDeviceControlCard,
+  toFlexMessage,
+} from "./flex-templates.js";
+
+describe("createInfoCard", () => {
+  it("creates a bubble with title and body", () => {
+    const card = createInfoCard("Test Title", "Test body content");
+
+    expect(card.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(card.size).toBe("mega");
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+    expect(card.body?.type).toBe("box");
+  });
+
+  it("includes footer when provided", () => {
+    const card = createInfoCard("Title", "Body", "Footer text");
+
+    expect(card.footer).toBeDefined();
+    const footer = card.footer as { contents: Array<{ text: string }> };
+    expect(footer.contents[0].text).toBe("Footer text");
+  });
+
+  it("omits footer when not provided", () => {
+    const card = createInfoCard("Title", "Body");
+    expect(card.footer).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createListCard", () => {
+  it("creates a list with title and items", () => {
+    const items = [{ title: "Item 1", subtitle: "Description 1" }, { title: "Item 2" }];
+    const card = createListCard("My List", items);
+
+    expect(card.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("limits items to 8", () => {
+    const items = Array.from({ length: 15 }, (_, i) => ({ title: `Item ${i}` }));
+    const card = createListCard("List", items);
+
+    const body = card.body as { contents: Array<{ type: string; contents?: unknown[] }> };
+    // The list items are in the third content (after title and separator)
+    const listBox = body.contents[2] as { contents: unknown[] };
+    expect(listBox.contents.length).toBe(8);
+  });
+
+  it("includes actions on items when provided", () => {
+    const items = [
+      {
+        title: "Clickable",
+        action: { type: "message" as const, label: "Click", text: "clicked" },
+      },
+    ];
+    const card = createListCard("List", items);
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createImageCard", () => {
+  it("creates a card with hero image", () => {
+    const card = createImageCard("https://example.com/image.jpg", "Image Title");
+
+    expect(card.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(card.hero).toBeDefined();
+    expect((card.hero as { url: string }).url).toBe("https://example.com/image.jpg");
+  });
+
+  it("includes body text when provided", () => {
+    const card = createImageCard("https://example.com/img.jpg", "Title", "Body text");
+
+    const body = card.body as { contents: Array<{ text: string }> };
+    expect(body.contents.length).toBe(2);
+    expect(body.contents[1].text).toBe("Body text");
+  });
+
+  it("applies custom aspect ratio", () => {
+    const card = createImageCard("https://example.com/img.jpg", "Title", undefined, {
+      aspectRatio: "16:9",
+    });
+
+    expect((card.hero as { aspectRatio: string }).aspectRatio).toBe("16:9");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createActionCard", () => {
+  it("creates a card with action buttons", () => {
+    const actions = [
+      { label: "Action 1", action: { type: "message" as const, label: "Act1", text: "action1" } },
+      {
+        label: "Action 2",
+        action: { type: "uri" as const, label: "Act2", uri: "https://example.com" },
+      },
+    ];
+    const card = createActionCard("Title", "Description", actions);
+
+    expect(card.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(card.footer).toBeDefined();
+
+    const footer = card.footer as { contents: Array<{ type: string }> };
+    expect(footer.contents.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it("limits actions to 4", () => {
+    const actions = Array.from({ length: 6 }, (_, i) => ({
+      label: `Action ${i}`,
+      action: { type: "message" as const, label: `A${i}`, text: `action${i}` },
+    }));
+    const card = createActionCard("Title", "Body", actions);
+
+    const footer = card.footer as { contents: unknown[] };
+    expect(footer.contents.length).toBe(4);
+  });
+
+  it("includes hero image when provided", () => {
+    const card = createActionCard("Title", "Body", [], {
+      imageUrl: "https://example.com/hero.jpg",
+    });
+
+    expect(card.hero).toBeDefined();
+    expect((card.hero as { url: string }).url).toBe("https://example.com/hero.jpg");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createCarousel", () => {
+  it("creates a carousel from bubbles", () => {
+    const bubbles = [createInfoCard("Card 1", "Body 1"), createInfoCard("Card 2", "Body 2")];
+    const carousel = createCarousel(bubbles);
+
+    expect(carousel.type).toBe("carousel");
+    expect(carousel.contents.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it("limits to 12 bubbles", () => {
+    const bubbles = Array.from({ length: 15 }, (_, i) => createInfoCard(`Card ${i}`, `Body ${i}`));
+    const carousel = createCarousel(bubbles);
+
+    expect(carousel.contents.length).toBe(12);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createNotificationBubble", () => {
+  it("creates a simple notification", () => {
+    const bubble = createNotificationBubble("Hello world");
+
+    expect(bubble.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(bubble.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("applies notification type styling", () => {
+    const successBubble = createNotificationBubble("Success!", { type: "success" });
+    const errorBubble = createNotificationBubble("Error!", { type: "error" });
+
+    expect(successBubble.body).toBeDefined();
+    expect(errorBubble.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes title when provided", () => {
+    const bubble = createNotificationBubble("Details here", {
+      title: "Alert Title",
+    });
+
+    expect(bubble.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createReceiptCard", () => {
+  it("creates a receipt with items", () => {
+    const card = createReceiptCard({
+      title: "Order Receipt",
+      items: [
+        { name: "Item A", value: "$10" },
+        { name: "Item B", value: "$20" },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(card.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes total when provided", () => {
+    const card = createReceiptCard({
+      title: "Receipt",
+      items: [{ name: "Item", value: "$10" }],
+      total: { label: "Total", value: "$10" },
+    });
+
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes footer when provided", () => {
+    const card = createReceiptCard({
+      title: "Receipt",
+      items: [{ name: "Item", value: "$10" }],
+      footer: "Thank you!",
+    });
+
+    expect(card.footer).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createMediaPlayerCard", () => {
+  it("creates a basic player card", () => {
+    const card = createMediaPlayerCard({
+      title: "Bohemian Rhapsody",
+      subtitle: "Queen",
+    });
+
+    expect(card.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes album art when provided", () => {
+    const card = createMediaPlayerCard({
+      title: "Track Name",
+      imageUrl: "https://example.com/album.jpg",
+    });
+
+    expect(card.hero).toBeDefined();
+    expect((card.hero as { url: string }).url).toBe("https://example.com/album.jpg");
+  });
+
+  it("shows playing status", () => {
+    const card = createMediaPlayerCard({
+      title: "Track",
+      isPlaying: true,
+    });
+
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes playback controls", () => {
+    const card = createMediaPlayerCard({
+      title: "Track",
+      controls: {
+        previous: { data: "action=prev" },
+        play: { data: "action=play" },
+        pause: { data: "action=pause" },
+        next: { data: "action=next" },
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(card.footer).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes extra actions", () => {
+    const card = createMediaPlayerCard({
+      title: "Track",
+      extraActions: [
+        { label: "Add to Playlist", data: "action=add_playlist" },
+        { label: "Share", data: "action=share" },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(card.footer).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createDeviceControlCard", () => {
+  it("creates a device card with controls", () => {
+    const card = createDeviceControlCard({
+      deviceName: "Apple TV",
+      deviceType: "Streaming Box",
+      controls: [
+        { label: "Play/Pause", data: "action=playpause" },
+        { label: "Menu", data: "action=menu" },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(card.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+    expect(card.footer).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("shows device status", () => {
+    const card = createDeviceControlCard({
+      deviceName: "Apple TV",
+      status: "Playing",
+      controls: [{ label: "Pause", data: "action=pause" }],
+    });
+
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes device image", () => {
+    const card = createDeviceControlCard({
+      deviceName: "Device",
+      imageUrl: "https://example.com/device.jpg",
+      controls: [],
+    });
+
+    expect(card.hero).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("limits controls to 6", () => {
+    const card = createDeviceControlCard({
+      deviceName: "Device",
+      controls: Array.from({ length: 10 }, (_, i) => ({
+        label: `Control ${i}`,
+        data: `action=${i}`,
+      })),
+    });
+
+    expect(card.footer).toBeDefined();
+    // Should have max 3 rows of 2 buttons
+    const footer = card.footer as { contents: unknown[] };
+    expect(footer.contents.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(3);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createAppleTvRemoteCard", () => {
+  it("creates an Apple TV remote card with controls", () => {
+    const card = createAppleTvRemoteCard({
+      deviceName: "Apple TV",
+      status: "Playing",
+      actionData: {
+        up: "action=up",
+        down: "action=down",
+        left: "action=left",
+        right: "action=right",
+        select: "action=select",
+        menu: "action=menu",
+        home: "action=home",
+        play: "action=play",
+        pause: "action=pause",
+        volumeUp: "action=volume_up",
+        volumeDown: "action=volume_down",
+        mute: "action=mute",
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(card.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createEventCard", () => {
+  it("creates an event card with required fields", () => {
+    const card = createEventCard({
+      title: "Team Meeting",
+      date: "January 24, 2026",
+    });
+
+    expect(card.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes time when provided", () => {
+    const card = createEventCard({
+      title: "Meeting",
+      date: "Jan 24",
+      time: "2:00 PM - 3:00 PM",
+    });
+
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes location when provided", () => {
+    const card = createEventCard({
+      title: "Meeting",
+      date: "Jan 24",
+      location: "Conference Room A",
+    });
+
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes description when provided", () => {
+    const card = createEventCard({
+      title: "Meeting",
+      date: "Jan 24",
+      description: "Discuss Q1 roadmap",
+    });
+
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes all optional fields together", () => {
+    const card = createEventCard({
+      title: "Team Offsite",
+      date: "February 15, 2026",
+      time: "9:00 AM - 5:00 PM",
+      location: "Mountain View Office",
+      description: "Annual team building event",
+    });
+
+    expect(card.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes action when provided", () => {
+    const card = createEventCard({
+      title: "Meeting",
+      date: "Jan 24",
+      action: { type: "uri", label: "Join", uri: "https://meet.google.com/abc" },
+    });
+
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+    expect((card.body as { action?: unknown }).action).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes calendar name when provided", () => {
+    const card = createEventCard({
+      title: "Meeting",
+      date: "Jan 24",
+      calendar: "Work Calendar",
+    });
+
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("uses mega size for better readability", () => {
+    const card = createEventCard({
+      title: "Meeting",
+      date: "Jan 24",
+    });
+
+    expect(card.size).toBe("mega");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createAgendaCard", () => {
+  it("creates an agenda card with title and events", () => {
+    const card = createAgendaCard({
+      title: "Today's Schedule",
+      events: [
+        { title: "Team Meeting", time: "9:00 AM" },
+        { title: "Lunch", time: "12:00 PM" },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(card.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(card.size).toBe("mega");
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("limits events to 8", () => {
+    const manyEvents = Array.from({ length: 15 }, (_, i) => ({
+      title: `Event ${i + 1}`,
+    }));
+
+    const card = createAgendaCard({
+      title: "Many Events",
+      events: manyEvents,
+    });
+
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("includes footer when provided", () => {
+    const card = createAgendaCard({
+      title: "Today",
+      events: [{ title: "Event" }],
+      footer: "Synced from Google Calendar",
+    });
+
+    expect(card.footer).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("shows event metadata (time, location, calendar)", () => {
+    const card = createAgendaCard({
+      title: "Schedule",
+      events: [
+        {
+          title: "Meeting",
+          time: "10:00 AM",
+          location: "Room A",
+          calendar: "Work",
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(card.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("toFlexMessage", () => {
+  it("wraps a container in a FlexMessage", () => {
+    const bubble = createInfoCard("Title", "Body");
+    const message = toFlexMessage("Alt text", bubble);
+
+    expect(message.type).toBe("flex");
+    expect(message.altText).toBe("Alt text");
+    expect(message.contents).toBe(bubble);
+  });
+});

src/line/http-registry.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import type { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from "node:http";
+
+export type LineHttpRequestHandler = (
+  req: IncomingMessage,
+  res: ServerResponse,
+) => Promise<void> | void;
+
+type RegisterLineHttpHandlerArgs = {
+  path?: string | null;
+  handler: LineHttpRequestHandler;
+  log?: (message: string) => void;
+  accountId?: string;
+};
+
+const lineHttpRoutes = new Map<string, LineHttpRequestHandler>();
+
+export function normalizeLineWebhookPath(path?: string | null): string {
+  const trimmed = path?.trim();
+  if (!trimmed) return "/line/webhook";
+  return trimmed.startsWith("/") ? trimmed : `/${trimmed}`;
+}
+
+export function registerLineHttpHandler(params: RegisterLineHttpHandlerArgs): () => void {
+  const normalizedPath = normalizeLineWebhookPath(params.path);
+  if (lineHttpRoutes.has(normalizedPath)) {
+    const suffix = params.accountId ? ` for account "${params.accountId}"` : "";
+    params.log?.(`line: webhook path ${normalizedPath} already registered${suffix}`);
+    return () => {};
+  }
+  lineHttpRoutes.set(normalizedPath, params.handler);
+  return () => {
+    lineHttpRoutes.delete(normalizedPath);
+  };
+}
+
+export async function handleLineHttpRequest(
+  req: IncomingMessage,
+  res: ServerResponse,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  const url = new URL(req.url ?? "/", "http://localhost");
+  const handler = lineHttpRoutes.get(url.pathname);
+  if (!handler) return false;
+  await handler(req, res);
+  return true;
+}

src/line/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+export {
+  createLineBot,
+  createLineWebhookCallback,
+  type LineBot,
+  type LineBotOptions,
+} from "./bot.js";
+export {
+  monitorLineProvider,
+  getLineRuntimeState,
+  type MonitorLineProviderOptions,
+  type LineProviderMonitor,
+} from "./monitor.js";
+export {
+  sendMessageLine,
+  pushMessageLine,
+  pushMessagesLine,
+  replyMessageLine,
+  createImageMessage,
+  createLocationMessage,
+  createFlexMessage,
+  createQuickReplyItems,
+  createTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+  showLoadingAnimation,
+  getUserProfile,
+  getUserDisplayName,
+  pushImageMessage,
+  pushLocationMessage,
+  pushFlexMessage,
+  pushTemplateMessage,
+  pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+} from "./send.js";
+export {
+  startLineWebhook,
+  createLineWebhookMiddleware,
+  type LineWebhookOptions,
+  type StartLineWebhookOptions,
+} from "./webhook.js";
+export {
+  handleLineHttpRequest,
+  registerLineHttpHandler,
+  normalizeLineWebhookPath,
+} from "./http-registry.js";
+export {
+  resolveLineAccount,
+  listLineAccountIds,
+  resolveDefaultLineAccountId,
+  normalizeAccountId,
+  DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID,
+} from "./accounts.js";
+export { probeLineBot } from "./probe.js";
+export { downloadLineMedia } from "./download.js";
+export { LineConfigSchema, type LineConfigSchemaType } from "./config-schema.js";
+export { buildLineMessageContext } from "./bot-message-context.js";
+export { handleLineWebhookEvents, type LineHandlerContext } from "./bot-handlers.js";
+
+// Flex Message templates
+export {
+  createInfoCard,
+  createListCard,
+  createImageCard,
+  createActionCard,
+  createCarousel,
+  createNotificationBubble,
+  createReceiptCard,
+  createEventCard,
+  createMediaPlayerCard,
+  createAppleTvRemoteCard,
+  createDeviceControlCard,
+  toFlexMessage,
+  type ListItem,
+  type CardAction,
+  type FlexContainer,
+  type FlexBubble,
+  type FlexCarousel,
+} from "./flex-templates.js";
+
+// Markdown to LINE conversion
+export {
+  processLineMessage,
+  hasMarkdownToConvert,
+  stripMarkdown,
+  extractMarkdownTables,
+  extractCodeBlocks,
+  extractLinks,
+  convertTableToFlexBubble,
+  convertCodeBlockToFlexBubble,
+  convertLinksToFlexBubble,
+  type ProcessedLineMessage,
+  type MarkdownTable,
+  type CodeBlock,
+  type MarkdownLink,
+} from "./markdown-to-line.js";
+
+// Rich Menu operations
+export {
+  createRichMenu,
+  uploadRichMenuImage,
+  setDefaultRichMenu,
+  cancelDefaultRichMenu,
+  getDefaultRichMenuId,
+  linkRichMenuToUser,
+  linkRichMenuToUsers,
+  unlinkRichMenuFromUser,
+  unlinkRichMenuFromUsers,
+  getRichMenuIdOfUser,
+  getRichMenuList,
+  getRichMenu,
+  deleteRichMenu,
+  createRichMenuAlias,
+  deleteRichMenuAlias,
+  createGridLayout,
+  messageAction,
+  uriAction,
+  postbackAction,
+  datetimePickerAction,
+  createDefaultMenuConfig,
+  type CreateRichMenuParams,
+  type RichMenuSize,
+  type RichMenuAreaRequest,
+} from "./rich-menu.js";
+
+// Template messages (Button, Confirm, Carousel)
+export {
+  createConfirmTemplate,
+  createButtonTemplate,
+  createTemplateCarousel,
+  createCarouselColumn,
+  createImageCarousel,
+  createImageCarouselColumn,
+  createYesNoConfirm,
+  createButtonMenu,
+  createLinkMenu,
+  createProductCarousel,
+  messageAction as templateMessageAction,
+  uriAction as templateUriAction,
+  postbackAction as templatePostbackAction,
+  datetimePickerAction as templateDatetimePickerAction,
+  type TemplateMessage,
+  type ConfirmTemplate,
+  type ButtonsTemplate,
+  type CarouselTemplate,
+  type CarouselColumn,
+} from "./template-messages.js";
+
+export type {
+  LineConfig,
+  LineAccountConfig,
+  LineGroupConfig,
+  ResolvedLineAccount,
+  LineTokenSource,
+  LineMessageType,
+  LineWebhookContext,
+  LineSendResult,
+  LineProbeResult,
+} from "./types.js";

src/line/markdown-to-line.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  extractMarkdownTables,
+  extractCodeBlocks,
+  extractLinks,
+  stripMarkdown,
+  processLineMessage,
+  convertTableToFlexBubble,
+  convertCodeBlockToFlexBubble,
+  hasMarkdownToConvert,
+} from "./markdown-to-line.js";
+
+describe("extractMarkdownTables", () => {
+  it("extracts a simple 2-column table", () => {
+    const text = `Here is a table:
+
+| Name | Value |
+|------|-------|
+| foo  | 123   |
+| bar  | 456   |
+
+And some more text.`;
+
+    const { tables, textWithoutTables } = extractMarkdownTables(text);
+
+    expect(tables).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(tables[0].headers).toEqual(["Name", "Value"]);
+    expect(tables[0].rows).toEqual([
+      ["foo", "123"],
+      ["bar", "456"],
+    ]);
+    expect(textWithoutTables).toContain("Here is a table:");
+    expect(textWithoutTables).toContain("And some more text.");
+    expect(textWithoutTables).not.toContain("|");
+  });
+
+  it("extracts a multi-column table", () => {
+    const text = `| Col A | Col B | Col C |
+|-------|-------|-------|
+| 1     | 2     | 3     |
+| a     | b     | c     |`;
+
+    const { tables } = extractMarkdownTables(text);
+
+    expect(tables).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(tables[0].headers).toEqual(["Col A", "Col B", "Col C"]);
+    expect(tables[0].rows).toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+
+  it("extracts multiple tables", () => {
+    const text = `Table 1:
+
+| A | B |
+|---|---|
+| 1 | 2 |
+
+Table 2:
+
+| X | Y |
+|---|---|
+| 3 | 4 |`;
+
+    const { tables } = extractMarkdownTables(text);
+
+    expect(tables).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(tables[0].headers).toEqual(["A", "B"]);
+    expect(tables[1].headers).toEqual(["X", "Y"]);
+  });
+
+  it("handles tables with alignment markers", () => {
+    const text = `| Left | Center | Right |
+|:-----|:------:|------:|
+| a    | b      | c     |`;
+
+    const { tables } = extractMarkdownTables(text);
+
+    expect(tables).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(tables[0].headers).toEqual(["Left", "Center", "Right"]);
+    expect(tables[0].rows).toEqual([["a", "b", "c"]]);
+  });
+
+  it("returns empty when no tables present", () => {
+    const text = "Just some plain text without tables.";
+
+    const { tables, textWithoutTables } = extractMarkdownTables(text);
+
+    expect(tables).toHaveLength(0);
+    expect(textWithoutTables).toBe(text);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("extractCodeBlocks", () => {
+  it("extracts a code block with language", () => {
+    const text = `Here is some code:
+
+\`\`\`javascript
+const x = 1;
+console.log(x);
+\`\`\`
+
+And more text.`;
+
+    const { codeBlocks, textWithoutCode } = extractCodeBlocks(text);
+
+    expect(codeBlocks).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(codeBlocks[0].language).toBe("javascript");
+    expect(codeBlocks[0].code).toBe("const x = 1;\nconsole.log(x);");
+    expect(textWithoutCode).toContain("Here is some code:");
+    expect(textWithoutCode).toContain("And more text.");
+    expect(textWithoutCode).not.toContain("```");
+  });
+
+  it("extracts a code block without language", () => {
+    const text = `\`\`\`
+plain code
+\`\`\``;
+
+    const { codeBlocks } = extractCodeBlocks(text);
+
+    expect(codeBlocks).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(codeBlocks[0].language).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(codeBlocks[0].code).toBe("plain code");
+  });
+
+  it("extracts multiple code blocks", () => {
+    const text = `\`\`\`python
+print("hello")
+\`\`\`
+
+Some text
+
+\`\`\`bash
+echo "world"
+\`\`\``;
+
+    const { codeBlocks } = extractCodeBlocks(text);
+
+    expect(codeBlocks).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(codeBlocks[0].language).toBe("python");
+    expect(codeBlocks[1].language).toBe("bash");
+  });
+
+  it("returns empty when no code blocks present", () => {
+    const text = "No code here, just text.";
+
+    const { codeBlocks, textWithoutCode } = extractCodeBlocks(text);
+
+    expect(codeBlocks).toHaveLength(0);
+    expect(textWithoutCode).toBe(text);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("extractLinks", () => {
+  it("extracts markdown links", () => {
+    const text = "Check out [Google](https://google.com) and [GitHub](https://github.com).";
+
+    const { links, textWithLinks } = extractLinks(text);
+
+    expect(links).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(links[0]).toEqual({ text: "Google", url: "https://google.com" });
+    expect(links[1]).toEqual({ text: "GitHub", url: "https://github.com" });
+    expect(textWithLinks).toBe("Check out Google and GitHub.");
+  });
+
+  it("handles text without links", () => {
+    const text = "No links here.";
+
+    const { links, textWithLinks } = extractLinks(text);
+
+    expect(links).toHaveLength(0);
+    expect(textWithLinks).toBe(text);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("stripMarkdown", () => {
+  it("strips bold markers", () => {
+    expect(stripMarkdown("This is **bold** text")).toBe("This is bold text");
+    expect(stripMarkdown("This is __bold__ text")).toBe("This is bold text");
+  });
+
+  it("strips italic markers", () => {
+    expect(stripMarkdown("This is *italic* text")).toBe("This is italic text");
+    expect(stripMarkdown("This is _italic_ text")).toBe("This is italic text");
+  });
+
+  it("strips strikethrough markers", () => {
+    expect(stripMarkdown("This is ~~deleted~~ text")).toBe("This is deleted text");
+  });
+
+  it("strips headers", () => {
+    expect(stripMarkdown("# Heading 1")).toBe("Heading 1");
+    expect(stripMarkdown("## Heading 2")).toBe("Heading 2");
+    expect(stripMarkdown("### Heading 3")).toBe("Heading 3");
+  });
+
+  it("strips blockquotes", () => {
+    expect(stripMarkdown("> This is a quote")).toBe("This is a quote");
+    expect(stripMarkdown(">This is also a quote")).toBe("This is also a quote");
+  });
+
+  it("removes horizontal rules", () => {
+    expect(stripMarkdown("Above\n---\nBelow")).toBe("Above\n\nBelow");
+    expect(stripMarkdown("Above\n***\nBelow")).toBe("Above\n\nBelow");
+  });
+
+  it("strips inline code markers", () => {
+    expect(stripMarkdown("Use `const` keyword")).toBe("Use const keyword");
+  });
+
+  it("handles complex markdown", () => {
+    const input = `# Title
+
+This is **bold** and *italic* text.
+
+> A quote
+
+Some ~~deleted~~ content.`;
+
+    const result = stripMarkdown(input);
+
+    expect(result).toContain("Title");
+    expect(result).toContain("This is bold and italic text.");
+    expect(result).toContain("A quote");
+    expect(result).toContain("Some deleted content.");
+    expect(result).not.toContain("#");
+    expect(result).not.toContain("**");
+    expect(result).not.toContain("~~");
+    expect(result).not.toContain(">");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("convertTableToFlexBubble", () => {
+  it("creates a receipt-style card for 2-column tables", () => {
+    const table = {
+      headers: ["Item", "Price"],
+      rows: [
+        ["Apple", "$1"],
+        ["Banana", "$2"],
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const bubble = convertTableToFlexBubble(table);
+
+    expect(bubble.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(bubble.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("creates a multi-column layout for 3+ column tables", () => {
+    const table = {
+      headers: ["A", "B", "C"],
+      rows: [["1", "2", "3"]],
+    };
+
+    const bubble = convertTableToFlexBubble(table);
+
+    expect(bubble.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(bubble.body).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("replaces empty cells with placeholders", () => {
+    const table = {
+      headers: ["A", "B"],
+      rows: [["", ""]],
+    };
+
+    const bubble = convertTableToFlexBubble(table);
+    const body = bubble.body as {
+      contents: Array<{ contents?: Array<{ contents?: Array<{ text: string }> }> }>;
+    };
+    const rowsBox = body.contents[2] as { contents: Array<{ contents: Array<{ text: string }> }> };
+
+    expect(rowsBox.contents[0].contents[0].text).toBe("-");
+    expect(rowsBox.contents[0].contents[1].text).toBe("-");
+  });
+
+  it("strips bold markers and applies weight for fully bold cells", () => {
+    const table = {
+      headers: ["**Name**", "Status"],
+      rows: [["**Alpha**", "OK"]],
+    };
+
+    const bubble = convertTableToFlexBubble(table);
+    const body = bubble.body as {
+      contents: Array<{ contents?: Array<{ text: string; weight?: string }> }>;
+    };
+    const headerRow = body.contents[0] as { contents: Array<{ text: string; weight?: string }> };
+    const dataRow = body.contents[2] as { contents: Array<{ text: string; weight?: string }> };
+
+    expect(headerRow.contents[0].text).toBe("Name");
+    expect(headerRow.contents[0].weight).toBe("bold");
+    expect(dataRow.contents[0].text).toBe("Alpha");
+    expect(dataRow.contents[0].weight).toBe("bold");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("convertCodeBlockToFlexBubble", () => {
+  it("creates a code card with language label", () => {
+    const block = { language: "typescript", code: "const x = 1;" };
+
+    const bubble = convertCodeBlockToFlexBubble(block);
+
+    expect(bubble.type).toBe("bubble");
+    expect(bubble.body).toBeDefined();
+
+    const body = bubble.body as { contents: Array<{ text: string }> };
+    expect(body.contents[0].text).toBe("Code (typescript)");
+  });
+
+  it("creates a code card without language", () => {
+    const block = { code: "plain code" };
+
+    const bubble = convertCodeBlockToFlexBubble(block);
+
+    const body = bubble.body as { contents: Array<{ text: string }> };
+    expect(body.contents[0].text).toBe("Code");
+  });
+
+  it("truncates very long code", () => {
+    const longCode = "x".repeat(3000);
+    const block = { code: longCode };
+
+    const bubble = convertCodeBlockToFlexBubble(block);
+
+    const body = bubble.body as { contents: Array<{ contents: Array<{ text: string }> }> };
+    const codeText = body.contents[1].contents[0].text;
+    expect(codeText.length).toBeLessThan(longCode.length);
+    expect(codeText).toContain("...");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("processLineMessage", () => {
+  it("processes text with tables", () => {
+    const text = `Here's the data:
+
+| Key | Value |
+|-----|-------|
+| a   | 1     |
+
+Done.`;
+
+    const result = processLineMessage(text);
+
+    expect(result.flexMessages).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(result.flexMessages[0].type).toBe("flex");
+    expect(result.text).toContain("Here's the data:");
+    expect(result.text).toContain("Done.");
+    expect(result.text).not.toContain("|");
+  });
+
+  it("processes text with code blocks", () => {
+    const text = `Check this code:
+
+\`\`\`js
+console.log("hi");
+\`\`\`
+
+That's it.`;
+
+    const result = processLineMessage(text);
+
+    expect(result.flexMessages).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(result.text).toContain("Check this code:");
+    expect(result.text).toContain("That's it.");
+    expect(result.text).not.toContain("```");
+  });
+
+  it("processes text with markdown formatting", () => {
+    const text = "This is **bold** and *italic* text.";
+
+    const result = processLineMessage(text);
+
+    expect(result.text).toBe("This is bold and italic text.");
+    expect(result.flexMessages).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it("handles mixed content", () => {
+    const text = `# Summary
+
+Here's **important** info:
+
+| Item | Count |
+|------|-------|
+| A    | 5     |
+
+\`\`\`python
+print("done")
+\`\`\`
+
+> Note: Check the link [here](https://example.com).`;
+
+    const result = processLineMessage(text);
+
+    // Should have 2 flex messages (table + code)
+    expect(result.flexMessages).toHaveLength(2);
+
+    // Text should be cleaned
+    expect(result.text).toContain("Summary");
+    expect(result.text).toContain("important");
+    expect(result.text).toContain("Note: Check the link here.");
+    expect(result.text).not.toContain("#");
+    expect(result.text).not.toContain("**");
+    expect(result.text).not.toContain("|");
+    expect(result.text).not.toContain("```");
+    expect(result.text).not.toContain("[here]");
+  });
+
+  it("handles plain text unchanged", () => {
+    const text = "Just plain text with no markdown.";
+
+    const result = processLineMessage(text);
+
+    expect(result.text).toBe(text);
+    expect(result.flexMessages).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("hasMarkdownToConvert", () => {
+  it("detects tables", () => {
+    const text = `| A | B |
+|---|---|
+| 1 | 2 |`;
+    expect(hasMarkdownToConvert(text)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("detects code blocks", () => {
+    const text = "```js\ncode\n```";
+    expect(hasMarkdownToConvert(text)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("detects bold", () => {
+    expect(hasMarkdownToConvert("**bold**")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("detects strikethrough", () => {
+    expect(hasMarkdownToConvert("~~deleted~~")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("detects headers", () => {
+    expect(hasMarkdownToConvert("# Title")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("detects blockquotes", () => {
+    expect(hasMarkdownToConvert("> quote")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false for plain text", () => {
+    expect(hasMarkdownToConvert("Just plain text.")).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

src/line/markdown-to-line.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+import type { messagingApi } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+import { createReceiptCard, toFlexMessage, type FlexBubble } from "./flex-templates.js";
+
+type FlexMessage = messagingApi.FlexMessage;
+type FlexComponent = messagingApi.FlexComponent;
+type FlexText = messagingApi.FlexText;
+type FlexBox = messagingApi.FlexBox;
+
+export interface ProcessedLineMessage {
+  /** The processed text with markdown stripped */
+  text: string;
+  /** Flex messages extracted from tables/code blocks */
+  flexMessages: FlexMessage[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Regex patterns for markdown detection
+ */
+const MARKDOWN_TABLE_REGEX = /^\|(.+)\|[\r\n]+\|[-:\s|]+\|[\r\n]+((?:\|.+\|[\r\n]*)+)/gm;
+const MARKDOWN_CODE_BLOCK_REGEX = /```(\w*)\n([\s\S]*?)```/g;
+const MARKDOWN_LINK_REGEX = /\[([^\]]+)\]\(([^)]+)\)/g;
+
+/**
+ * Detect and extract markdown tables from text
+ */
+export function extractMarkdownTables(text: string): {
+  tables: MarkdownTable[];
+  textWithoutTables: string;
+} {
+  const tables: MarkdownTable[] = [];
+  let textWithoutTables = text;
+
+  // Reset regex state
+  MARKDOWN_TABLE_REGEX.lastIndex = 0;
+
+  let match: RegExpExecArray | null;
+  const matches: { fullMatch: string; table: MarkdownTable }[] = [];
+
+  while ((match = MARKDOWN_TABLE_REGEX.exec(text)) !== null) {
+    const fullMatch = match[0];
+    const headerLine = match[1];
+    const bodyLines = match[2];
+
+    const headers = parseTableRow(headerLine);
+    const rows = bodyLines
+      .trim()
+      .split(/[\r\n]+/)
+      .filter((line) => line.trim())
+      .map(parseTableRow);
+
+    if (headers.length > 0 && rows.length > 0) {
+      matches.push({
+        fullMatch,
+        table: { headers, rows },
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Remove tables from text in reverse order to preserve indices
+  for (let i = matches.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    const { fullMatch, table } = matches[i];
+    tables.unshift(table);
+    textWithoutTables = textWithoutTables.replace(fullMatch, "");
+  }
+
+  return { tables, textWithoutTables };
+}
+
+export interface MarkdownTable {
+  headers: string[];
+  rows: string[][];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a single table row (pipe-separated values)
+ */
+function parseTableRow(row: string): string[] {
+  return row
+    .split("|")
+    .map((cell) => cell.trim())
+    .filter((cell, index, arr) => {
+      // Filter out empty cells at start/end (from leading/trailing pipes)
+      if (index === 0 && cell === "") return false;
+      if (index === arr.length - 1 && cell === "") return false;
+      return true;
+    });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert a markdown table to a LINE Flex Message bubble
+ */
+export function convertTableToFlexBubble(table: MarkdownTable): FlexBubble {
+  const parseCell = (
+    value: string | undefined,
+  ): { text: string; bold: boolean; hasMarkup: boolean } => {
+    const raw = value?.trim() ?? "";
+    if (!raw) return { text: "-", bold: false, hasMarkup: false };
+
+    let hasMarkup = false;
+    const stripped = raw.replace(/\*\*(.+?)\*\*/g, (_, inner) => {
+      hasMarkup = true;
+      return String(inner);
+    });
+    const text = stripped.trim() || "-";
+    const bold = /^\*\*.+\*\*$/.test(raw);
+
+    return { text, bold, hasMarkup };
+  };
+
+  const headerCells = table.headers.map((header) => parseCell(header));
+  const rowCells = table.rows.map((row) => row.map((cell) => parseCell(cell)));
+  const hasInlineMarkup =
+    headerCells.some((cell) => cell.hasMarkup) ||
+    rowCells.some((row) => row.some((cell) => cell.hasMarkup));
+
+  // For simple 2-column tables, use receipt card format
+  if (table.headers.length === 2 && !hasInlineMarkup) {
+    const items = rowCells.map((row) => ({
+      name: row[0]?.text ?? "-",
+      value: row[1]?.text ?? "-",
+    }));
+
+    return createReceiptCard({
+      title: headerCells.map((cell) => cell.text).join(" / "),
+      items,
+    });
+  }
+
+  // For multi-column tables, create a custom layout
+  const headerRow: FlexComponent = {
+    type: "box",
+    layout: "horizontal",
+    contents: headerCells.map((cell) => ({
+      type: "text",
+      text: cell.text,
+      weight: "bold",
+      size: "sm",
+      color: "#333333",
+      flex: 1,
+      wrap: true,
+    })) as FlexText[],
+    paddingBottom: "sm",
+  } as FlexBox;
+
+  const dataRows: FlexComponent[] = rowCells.slice(0, 10).map((row, rowIndex) => {
+    const rowContents = table.headers.map((_, colIndex) => {
+      const cell = row[colIndex] ?? { text: "-", bold: false, hasMarkup: false };
+      return {
+        type: "text",
+        text: cell.text,
+        size: "sm",
+        color: "#666666",
+        flex: 1,
+        wrap: true,
+        weight: cell.bold ? "bold" : undefined,
+      };
+    }) as FlexText[];
+
+    return {
+      type: "box",
+      layout: "horizontal",
+      contents: rowContents,
+      margin: rowIndex === 0 ? "md" : "sm",
+    } as FlexBox;
+  });
+
+  return {
+    type: "bubble",
+    body: {
+      type: "box",
+      layout: "vertical",
+      contents: [headerRow, { type: "separator", margin: "sm" }, ...dataRows],
+      paddingAll: "lg",
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect and extract code blocks from text
+ */
+export function extractCodeBlocks(text: string): {
+  codeBlocks: CodeBlock[];
+  textWithoutCode: string;
+} {
+  const codeBlocks: CodeBlock[] = [];
+  let textWithoutCode = text;
+
+  // Reset regex state
+  MARKDOWN_CODE_BLOCK_REGEX.lastIndex = 0;
+
+  let match: RegExpExecArray | null;
+  const matches: { fullMatch: string; block: CodeBlock }[] = [];
+
+  while ((match = MARKDOWN_CODE_BLOCK_REGEX.exec(text)) !== null) {
+    const fullMatch = match[0];
+    const language = match[1] || undefined;
+    const code = match[2];
+
+    matches.push({
+      fullMatch,
+      block: { language, code: code.trim() },
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Remove code blocks in reverse order
+  for (let i = matches.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    const { fullMatch, block } = matches[i];
+    codeBlocks.unshift(block);
+    textWithoutCode = textWithoutCode.replace(fullMatch, "");
+  }
+
+  return { codeBlocks, textWithoutCode };
+}
+
+export interface CodeBlock {
+  language?: string;
+  code: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert a code block to a LINE Flex Message bubble
+ */
+export function convertCodeBlockToFlexBubble(block: CodeBlock): FlexBubble {
+  const titleText = block.language ? `Code (${block.language})` : "Code";
+
+  // Truncate very long code to fit LINE's limits
+  const displayCode = block.code.length > 2000 ? block.code.slice(0, 2000) + "\n..." : block.code;
+
+  return {
+    type: "bubble",
+    body: {
+      type: "box",
+      layout: "vertical",
+      contents: [
+        {
+          type: "text",
+          text: titleText,
+          weight: "bold",
+          size: "sm",
+          color: "#666666",
+        } as FlexText,
+        {
+          type: "box",
+          layout: "vertical",
+          contents: [
+            {
+              type: "text",
+              text: displayCode,
+              size: "xs",
+              color: "#333333",
+              wrap: true,
+            } as FlexText,
+          ],
+          backgroundColor: "#F5F5F5",
+          paddingAll: "md",
+          cornerRadius: "md",
+          margin: "sm",
+        } as FlexBox,
+      ],
+      paddingAll: "lg",
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract markdown links from text
+ */
+export function extractLinks(text: string): { links: MarkdownLink[]; textWithLinks: string } {
+  const links: MarkdownLink[] = [];
+
+  // Reset regex state
+  MARKDOWN_LINK_REGEX.lastIndex = 0;
+
+  let match: RegExpExecArray | null;
+  while ((match = MARKDOWN_LINK_REGEX.exec(text)) !== null) {
+    links.push({
+      text: match[1],
+      url: match[2],
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Replace markdown links with just the text (for plain text output)
+  const textWithLinks = text.replace(MARKDOWN_LINK_REGEX, "$1");
+
+  return { links, textWithLinks };
+}
+
+export interface MarkdownLink {
+  text: string;
+  url: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a Flex Message with tappable link buttons
+ */
+export function convertLinksToFlexBubble(links: MarkdownLink[]): FlexBubble {
+  const buttons: FlexComponent[] = links.slice(0, 4).map((link, index) => ({
+    type: "button",
+    action: {
+      type: "uri",
+      label: link.text.slice(0, 20), // LINE button label limit
+      uri: link.url,
+    },
+    style: index === 0 ? "primary" : "secondary",
+    margin: index > 0 ? "sm" : undefined,
+  }));
+
+  return {
+    type: "bubble",
+    body: {
+      type: "box",
+      layout: "vertical",
+      contents: [
+        {
+          type: "text",
+          text: "Links",
+          weight: "bold",
+          size: "md",
+          color: "#333333",
+        } as FlexText,
+      ],
+      paddingAll: "lg",
+      paddingBottom: "sm",
+    },
+    footer: {
+      type: "box",
+      layout: "vertical",
+      contents: buttons,
+      paddingAll: "md",
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Strip markdown formatting from text (for plain text output)
+ * Handles: bold, italic, strikethrough, headers, blockquotes, horizontal rules
+ */
+export function stripMarkdown(text: string): string {
+  let result = text;
+
+  // Remove bold: **text** or __text__
+  result = result.replace(/\*\*(.+?)\*\*/g, "$1");
+  result = result.replace(/__(.+?)__/g, "$1");
+
+  // Remove italic: *text* or _text_ (but not already processed)
+  result = result.replace(/(?<!\*)\*(?!\*)(.+?)(?<!\*)\*(?!\*)/g, "$1");
+  result = result.replace(/(?<!_)_(?!_)(.+?)(?<!_)_(?!_)/g, "$1");
+
+  // Remove strikethrough: ~~text~~
+  result = result.replace(/~~(.+?)~~/g, "$1");
+
+  // Remove headers: # Title, ## Title, etc.
+  result = result.replace(/^#{1,6}\s+(.+)$/gm, "$1");
+
+  // Remove blockquotes: > text
+  result = result.replace(/^>\s?(.*)$/gm, "$1");
+
+  // Remove horizontal rules: ---, ***, ___
+  result = result.replace(/^[-*_]{3,}$/gm, "");
+
+  // Remove inline code: `code`
+  result = result.replace(/`([^`]+)`/g, "$1");
+
+  // Clean up extra whitespace
+  result = result.replace(/\n{3,}/g, "\n\n");
+  result = result.trim();
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Main function: Process text for LINE output
+ * - Extracts tables → Flex Messages
+ * - Extracts code blocks → Flex Messages
+ * - Strips remaining markdown
+ * - Returns processed text + Flex Messages
+ */
+export function processLineMessage(text: string): ProcessedLineMessage {
+  const flexMessages: FlexMessage[] = [];
+  let processedText = text;
+
+  // 1. Extract and convert tables
+  const { tables, textWithoutTables } = extractMarkdownTables(processedText);
+  processedText = textWithoutTables;
+
+  for (const table of tables) {
+    const bubble = convertTableToFlexBubble(table);
+    flexMessages.push(toFlexMessage("Table", bubble));
+  }
+
+  // 2. Extract and convert code blocks
+  const { codeBlocks, textWithoutCode } = extractCodeBlocks(processedText);
+  processedText = textWithoutCode;
+
+  for (const block of codeBlocks) {
+    const bubble = convertCodeBlockToFlexBubble(block);
+    flexMessages.push(toFlexMessage("Code", bubble));
+  }
+
+  // 3. Handle links - convert [text](url) to plain text for display
+  // (We could also create link buttons, but that can get noisy)
+  const { textWithLinks } = extractLinks(processedText);
+  processedText = textWithLinks;
+
+  // 4. Strip remaining markdown formatting
+  processedText = stripMarkdown(processedText);
+
+  return {
+    text: processedText,
+    flexMessages,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if text contains markdown that needs conversion
+ */
+export function hasMarkdownToConvert(text: string): boolean {
+  // Check for tables
+  MARKDOWN_TABLE_REGEX.lastIndex = 0;
+  if (MARKDOWN_TABLE_REGEX.test(text)) return true;
+
+  // Check for code blocks
+  MARKDOWN_CODE_BLOCK_REGEX.lastIndex = 0;
+  if (MARKDOWN_CODE_BLOCK_REGEX.test(text)) return true;
+
+  // Check for other markdown patterns
+  if (/\*\*[^*]+\*\*/.test(text)) return true; // bold
+  if (/~~[^~]+~~/.test(text)) return true; // strikethrough
+  if (/^#{1,6}\s+/m.test(text)) return true; // headers
+  if (/^>\s+/m.test(text)) return true; // blockquotes
+
+  return false;
+}

src/line/monitor.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+import type { WebhookRequestBody } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+import type { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from "node:http";
+import crypto from "node:crypto";
+import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import { danger, logVerbose } from "../globals.js";
+import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime.js";
+import { createLineBot } from "./bot.js";
+import { normalizePluginHttpPath } from "../plugins/http-path.js";
+import { registerPluginHttpRoute } from "../plugins/http-registry.js";
+import {
+  replyMessageLine,
+  showLoadingAnimation,
+  getUserDisplayName,
+  createQuickReplyItems,
+  createTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+  pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+  pushMessageLine,
+  pushMessagesLine,
+  createFlexMessage,
+  createImageMessage,
+  createLocationMessage,
+} from "./send.js";
+import { buildTemplateMessageFromPayload } from "./template-messages.js";
+import type { LineChannelData, ResolvedLineAccount } from "./types.js";
+import { dispatchReplyWithBufferedBlockDispatcher } from "../auto-reply/reply/provider-dispatcher.js";
+import { resolveEffectiveMessagesConfig } from "../agents/identity.js";
+import { chunkMarkdownText } from "../auto-reply/chunk.js";
+import { processLineMessage } from "./markdown-to-line.js";
+import { sendLineReplyChunks } from "./reply-chunks.js";
+import { deliverLineAutoReply } from "./auto-reply-delivery.js";
+
+export interface MonitorLineProviderOptions {
+  channelAccessToken: string;
+  channelSecret: string;
+  accountId?: string;
+  config: ClawdbotConfig;
+  runtime: RuntimeEnv;
+  abortSignal?: AbortSignal;
+  webhookUrl?: string;
+  webhookPath?: string;
+}
+
+export interface LineProviderMonitor {
+  account: ResolvedLineAccount;
+  handleWebhook: (body: WebhookRequestBody) => Promise<void>;
+  stop: () => void;
+}
+
+// Track runtime state in memory (simplified version)
+const runtimeState = new Map<
+  string,
+  {
+    running: boolean;
+    lastStartAt: number | null;
+    lastStopAt: number | null;
+    lastError: string | null;
+    lastInboundAt?: number | null;
+    lastOutboundAt?: number | null;
+  }
+>();
+
+function recordChannelRuntimeState(params: {
+  channel: string;
+  accountId: string;
+  state: Partial<{
+    running: boolean;
+    lastStartAt: number | null;
+    lastStopAt: number | null;
+    lastError: string | null;
+    lastInboundAt: number | null;
+    lastOutboundAt: number | null;
+  }>;
+}): void {
+  const key = `${params.channel}:${params.accountId}`;
+  const existing = runtimeState.get(key) ?? {
+    running: false,
+    lastStartAt: null,
+    lastStopAt: null,
+    lastError: null,
+  };
+  runtimeState.set(key, { ...existing, ...params.state });
+}
+
+export function getLineRuntimeState(accountId: string) {
+  return runtimeState.get(`line:${accountId}`);
+}
+
+function validateLineSignature(body: string, signature: string, channelSecret: string): boolean {
+  const hash = crypto.createHmac("SHA256", channelSecret).update(body).digest("base64");
+  return hash === signature;
+}
+
+async function readRequestBody(req: IncomingMessage): Promise<string> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+    req.on("data", (chunk) => chunks.push(chunk));
+    req.on("end", () => resolve(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString("utf-8")));
+    req.on("error", reject);
+  });
+}
+
+function startLineLoadingKeepalive(params: {
+  userId: string;
+  accountId?: string;
+  intervalMs?: number;
+  loadingSeconds?: number;
+}): () => void {
+  const intervalMs = params.intervalMs ?? 18_000;
+  const loadingSeconds = params.loadingSeconds ?? 20;
+  let stopped = false;
+
+  const trigger = () => {
+    if (stopped) return;
+    void showLoadingAnimation(params.userId, {
+      accountId: params.accountId,
+      loadingSeconds,
+    }).catch(() => {});
+  };
+
+  trigger();
+  const timer = setInterval(trigger, intervalMs);
+
+  return () => {
+    if (stopped) return;
+    stopped = true;
+    clearInterval(timer);
+  };
+}
+
+export async function monitorLineProvider(
+  opts: MonitorLineProviderOptions,
+): Promise<LineProviderMonitor> {
+  const {
+    channelAccessToken,
+    channelSecret,
+    accountId,
+    config,
+    runtime,
+    abortSignal,
+    webhookPath,
+  } = opts;
+  const resolvedAccountId = accountId ?? "default";
+
+  // Record starting state
+  recordChannelRuntimeState({
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: resolvedAccountId,
+    state: {
+      running: true,
+      lastStartAt: Date.now(),
+    },
+  });
+
+  // Create the bot
+  const bot = createLineBot({
+    channelAccessToken,
+    channelSecret,
+    accountId,
+    runtime,
+    config,
+    onMessage: async (ctx) => {
+      if (!ctx) return;
+
+      const { ctxPayload, replyToken, route } = ctx;
+
+      // Record inbound activity
+      recordChannelRuntimeState({
+        channel: "line",
+        accountId: resolvedAccountId,
+        state: {
+          lastInboundAt: Date.now(),
+        },
+      });
+
+      const shouldShowLoading = Boolean(ctx.userId && !ctx.isGroup);
+
+      // Fetch display name for logging (non-blocking)
+      const displayNamePromise = ctx.userId
+        ? getUserDisplayName(ctx.userId, { accountId: ctx.accountId })
+        : Promise.resolve(ctxPayload.From);
+
+      // Show loading animation while processing (non-blocking, best-effort)
+      const stopLoading = shouldShowLoading
+        ? startLineLoadingKeepalive({ userId: ctx.userId!, accountId: ctx.accountId })
+        : null;
+
+      const displayName = await displayNamePromise;
+      logVerbose(`line: received message from ${displayName} (${ctxPayload.From})`);
+
+      // Dispatch to auto-reply system for AI response
+      try {
+        const textLimit = 5000; // LINE max message length
+        let replyTokenUsed = false; // Track if we've used the one-time reply token
+
+        const { queuedFinal } = await dispatchReplyWithBufferedBlockDispatcher({
+          ctx: ctxPayload,
+          cfg: config,
+          dispatcherOptions: {
+            responsePrefix: resolveEffectiveMessagesConfig(config, route.agentId).responsePrefix,
+            deliver: async (payload, _info) => {
+              const lineData = (payload.channelData?.line as LineChannelData | undefined) ?? {};
+
+              // Show loading animation before each delivery (non-blocking)
+              if (ctx.userId && !ctx.isGroup) {
+                void showLoadingAnimation(ctx.userId, { accountId: ctx.accountId }).catch(() => {});
+              }
+
+              const { replyTokenUsed: nextReplyTokenUsed } = await deliverLineAutoReply({
+                payload,
+                lineData,
+                to: ctxPayload.From,
+                replyToken,
+                replyTokenUsed,
+                accountId: ctx.accountId,
+                textLimit,
+                deps: {
+                  buildTemplateMessageFromPayload,
+                  processLineMessage,
+                  chunkMarkdownText,
+                  sendLineReplyChunks,
+                  replyMessageLine,
+                  pushMessageLine,
+                  pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+                  createQuickReplyItems,
+                  createTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+                  pushMessagesLine,
+                  createFlexMessage,
+                  createImageMessage,
+                  createLocationMessage,
+                  onReplyError: (replyErr) => {
+                    logVerbose(
+                      `line: reply token failed, falling back to push: ${String(replyErr)}`,
+                    );
+                  },
+                },
+              });
+              replyTokenUsed = nextReplyTokenUsed;
+
+              recordChannelRuntimeState({
+                channel: "line",
+                accountId: resolvedAccountId,
+                state: {
+                  lastOutboundAt: Date.now(),
+                },
+              });
+            },
+            onError: (err, info) => {
+              runtime.error?.(danger(`line ${info.kind} reply failed: ${String(err)}`));
+            },
+          },
+          replyOptions: {},
+        });
+
+        if (!queuedFinal) {
+          logVerbose(`line: no response generated for message from ${ctxPayload.From}`);
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        runtime.error?.(danger(`line: auto-reply failed: ${String(err)}`));
+
+        // Send error message to user
+        if (replyToken) {
+          try {
+            await replyMessageLine(
+              replyToken,
+              [{ type: "text", text: "Sorry, I encountered an error processing your message." }],
+              { accountId: ctx.accountId },
+            );
+          } catch (replyErr) {
+            runtime.error?.(danger(`line: error reply failed: ${String(replyErr)}`));
+          }
+        }
+      } finally {
+        stopLoading?.();
+      }
+    },
+  });
+
+  // Register HTTP webhook handler
+  const normalizedPath = normalizePluginHttpPath(webhookPath, "/line/webhook") ?? "/line/webhook";
+  const unregisterHttp = registerPluginHttpRoute({
+    path: normalizedPath,
+    pluginId: "line",
+    accountId: resolvedAccountId,
+    log: (msg) => logVerbose(msg),
+    handler: async (req: IncomingMessage, res: ServerResponse) => {
+      // Handle GET requests for webhook verification
+      if (req.method === "GET") {
+        res.statusCode = 200;
+        res.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain");
+        res.end("OK");
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Only accept POST requests
+      if (req.method !== "POST") {
+        res.statusCode = 405;
+        res.setHeader("Allow", "GET, POST");
+        res.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
+        res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: "Method Not Allowed" }));
+        return;
+      }
+
+      try {
+        const rawBody = await readRequestBody(req);
+        const signature = req.headers["x-line-signature"];
+
+        // Validate signature
+        if (!signature || typeof signature !== "string") {
+          logVerbose("line: webhook missing X-Line-Signature header");
+          res.statusCode = 400;
+          res.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
+          res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: "Missing X-Line-Signature header" }));
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (!validateLineSignature(rawBody, signature, channelSecret)) {
+          logVerbose("line: webhook signature validation failed");
+          res.statusCode = 401;
+          res.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
+          res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: "Invalid signature" }));
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Parse and process the webhook body
+        const body = JSON.parse(rawBody) as WebhookRequestBody;
+
+        // Respond immediately with 200 to avoid LINE timeout
+        res.statusCode = 200;
+        res.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
+        res.end(JSON.stringify({ status: "ok" }));
+
+        // Process events asynchronously
+        if (body.events && body.events.length > 0) {
+          logVerbose(`line: received ${body.events.length} webhook events`);
+          await bot.handleWebhook(body).catch((err) => {
+            runtime.error?.(danger(`line webhook handler failed: ${String(err)}`));
+          });
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        runtime.error?.(danger(`line webhook error: ${String(err)}`));
+        if (!res.headersSent) {
+          res.statusCode = 500;
+          res.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
+          res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: "Internal server error" }));
+        }
+      }
+    },
+  });
+
+  logVerbose(`line: registered webhook handler at ${normalizedPath}`);
+
+  // Handle abort signal
+  const stopHandler = () => {
+    logVerbose(`line: stopping provider for account ${resolvedAccountId}`);
+    unregisterHttp();
+    recordChannelRuntimeState({
+      channel: "line",
+      accountId: resolvedAccountId,
+      state: {
+        running: false,
+        lastStopAt: Date.now(),
+      },
+    });
+  };
+
+  abortSignal?.addEventListener("abort", stopHandler);
+
+  return {
+    account: bot.account,
+    handleWebhook: bot.handleWebhook,
+    stop: () => {
+      stopHandler();
+      abortSignal?.removeEventListener("abort", stopHandler);
+    },
+  };
+}

src/line/probe.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeAll, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+const { getBotInfoMock, MessagingApiClientMock } = vi.hoisted(() => {
+  const getBotInfoMock = vi.fn();
+  const MessagingApiClientMock = vi.fn(function () {
+    return { getBotInfo: getBotInfoMock };
+  });
+  return { getBotInfoMock, MessagingApiClientMock };
+});
+
+vi.mock("@line/bot-sdk", () => ({
+  messagingApi: { MessagingApiClient: MessagingApiClientMock },
+}));
+
+let probeLineBot: typeof import("./probe.js").probeLineBot;
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  vi.useRealTimers();
+  getBotInfoMock.mockReset();
+});
+
+describe("probeLineBot", () => {
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    ({ probeLineBot } = await import("./probe.js"));
+  });
+
+  it("returns timeout when bot info stalls", async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    getBotInfoMock.mockImplementation(() => new Promise(() => {}));
+
+    const probePromise = probeLineBot("token", 10);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(20);
+    const result = await probePromise;
+
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(false);
+    expect(result.error).toBe("timeout");
+  });
+
+  it("returns bot info when available", async () => {
+    getBotInfoMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      displayName: "Clawdbot",
+      userId: "U123",
+      basicId: "@clawdbot",
+      pictureUrl: "https://example.com/bot.png",
+    });
+
+    const result = await probeLineBot("token", 50);
+
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.bot?.userId).toBe("U123");
+  });
+});

src/line/probe.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { messagingApi } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+import type { LineProbeResult } from "./types.js";
+
+export async function probeLineBot(
+  channelAccessToken: string,
+  timeoutMs = 5000,
+): Promise<LineProbeResult> {
+  if (!channelAccessToken?.trim()) {
+    return { ok: false, error: "Channel access token not configured" };
+  }
+
+  const client = new messagingApi.MessagingApiClient({
+    channelAccessToken: channelAccessToken.trim(),
+  });
+
+  try {
+    const profile = await withTimeout(client.getBotInfo(), timeoutMs);
+
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      bot: {
+        displayName: profile.displayName,
+        userId: profile.userId,
+        basicId: profile.basicId,
+        pictureUrl: profile.pictureUrl,
+      },
+    };
+  } catch (err) {
+    const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+    return { ok: false, error: message };
+  }
+}
+
+function withTimeout<T>(promise: Promise<T>, timeoutMs: number): Promise<T> {
+  if (!timeoutMs || timeoutMs <= 0) return promise;
+  let timer: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
+  const timeout = new Promise<T>((_, reject) => {
+    timer = setTimeout(() => reject(new Error("timeout")), timeoutMs);
+  });
+  return Promise.race([promise, timeout]).finally(() => {
+    if (timer) clearTimeout(timer);
+  });
+}

src/line/reply-chunks.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { sendLineReplyChunks } from "./reply-chunks.js";
+
+describe("sendLineReplyChunks", () => {
+  it("uses reply token for all chunks when possible", async () => {
+    const replyMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const pushMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const createTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn((text: string, _quickReplies: string[]) => ({
+      type: "text" as const,
+      text,
+    }));
+
+    const result = await sendLineReplyChunks({
+      to: "line:group:1",
+      chunks: ["one", "two", "three"],
+      quickReplies: ["A", "B"],
+      replyToken: "token",
+      replyTokenUsed: false,
+      accountId: "default",
+      replyMessageLine,
+      pushMessageLine,
+      pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+      createTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+    });
+
+    expect(result.replyTokenUsed).toBe(true);
+    expect(replyMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(createTextMessageWithQuickReplies).toHaveBeenCalledWith("three", ["A", "B"]);
+    expect(replyMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "token",
+      [
+        { type: "text", text: "one" },
+        { type: "text", text: "two" },
+        { type: "text", text: "three" },
+      ],
+      { accountId: "default" },
+    );
+    expect(pushMessageLine).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("attaches quick replies to a single reply chunk", async () => {
+    const replyMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const pushMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const createTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn((text: string, _quickReplies: string[]) => ({
+      type: "text" as const,
+      text,
+      quickReply: { items: [] },
+    }));
+
+    const result = await sendLineReplyChunks({
+      to: "line:user:1",
+      chunks: ["only"],
+      quickReplies: ["A"],
+      replyToken: "token",
+      replyTokenUsed: false,
+      replyMessageLine,
+      pushMessageLine,
+      pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+      createTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+    });
+
+    expect(result.replyTokenUsed).toBe(true);
+    expect(createTextMessageWithQuickReplies).toHaveBeenCalledWith("only", ["A"]);
+    expect(replyMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(pushMessageLine).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("replies with up to five chunks before pushing the rest", async () => {
+    const replyMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const pushMessageLine = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+    const createTextMessageWithQuickReplies = vi.fn((text: string, _quickReplies: string[]) => ({
+      type: "text" as const,
+      text,
+    }));
+
+    const chunks = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7"];
+    const result = await sendLineReplyChunks({
+      to: "line:group:1",
+      chunks,
+      quickReplies: ["A"],
+      replyToken: "token",
+      replyTokenUsed: false,
+      replyMessageLine,
+      pushMessageLine,
+      pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+      createTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+    });
+
+    expect(result.replyTokenUsed).toBe(true);
+    expect(replyMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(replyMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "token",
+      [
+        { type: "text", text: "1" },
+        { type: "text", text: "2" },
+        { type: "text", text: "3" },
+        { type: "text", text: "4" },
+        { type: "text", text: "5" },
+      ],
+      { accountId: undefined },
+    );
+    expect(pushMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(pushMessageLine).toHaveBeenCalledWith("line:group:1", "6", { accountId: undefined });
+    expect(pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies).toHaveBeenCalledWith("line:group:1", "7", ["A"], {
+      accountId: undefined,
+    });
+    expect(createTextMessageWithQuickReplies).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

src/line/reply-chunks.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import type { messagingApi } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+
+export type LineReplyMessage = messagingApi.TextMessage;
+
+export type SendLineReplyChunksParams = {
+  to: string;
+  chunks: string[];
+  quickReplies?: string[];
+  replyToken?: string | null;
+  replyTokenUsed?: boolean;
+  accountId?: string;
+  replyMessageLine: (
+    replyToken: string,
+    messages: messagingApi.Message[],
+    opts?: { accountId?: string },
+  ) => Promise<unknown>;
+  pushMessageLine: (to: string, text: string, opts?: { accountId?: string }) => Promise<unknown>;
+  pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies: (
+    to: string,
+    text: string,
+    quickReplies: string[],
+    opts?: { accountId?: string },
+  ) => Promise<unknown>;
+  createTextMessageWithQuickReplies: (text: string, quickReplies: string[]) => LineReplyMessage;
+  onReplyError?: (err: unknown) => void;
+};
+
+export async function sendLineReplyChunks(
+  params: SendLineReplyChunksParams,
+): Promise<{ replyTokenUsed: boolean }> {
+  const hasQuickReplies = Boolean(params.quickReplies?.length);
+  let replyTokenUsed = Boolean(params.replyTokenUsed);
+
+  if (params.chunks.length === 0) {
+    return { replyTokenUsed };
+  }
+
+  if (params.replyToken && !replyTokenUsed) {
+    try {
+      const replyBatch = params.chunks.slice(0, 5);
+      const remaining = params.chunks.slice(replyBatch.length);
+
+      const replyMessages: LineReplyMessage[] = replyBatch.map((chunk) => ({
+        type: "text",
+        text: chunk,
+      }));
+
+      if (hasQuickReplies && remaining.length === 0 && replyMessages.length > 0) {
+        const lastIndex = replyMessages.length - 1;
+        replyMessages[lastIndex] = params.createTextMessageWithQuickReplies(
+          replyBatch[lastIndex]!,
+          params.quickReplies!,
+        );
+      }
+
+      await params.replyMessageLine(params.replyToken, replyMessages, {
+        accountId: params.accountId,
+      });
+      replyTokenUsed = true;
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < remaining.length; i += 1) {
+        const isLastChunk = i === remaining.length - 1;
+        if (isLastChunk && hasQuickReplies) {
+          await params.pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies(
+            params.to,
+            remaining[i]!,
+            params.quickReplies!,
+            { accountId: params.accountId },
+          );
+        } else {
+          await params.pushMessageLine(params.to, remaining[i]!, {
+            accountId: params.accountId,
+          });
+        }
+      }
+
+      return { replyTokenUsed };
+    } catch (err) {
+      params.onReplyError?.(err);
+      replyTokenUsed = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < params.chunks.length; i += 1) {
+    const isLastChunk = i === params.chunks.length - 1;
+    if (isLastChunk && hasQuickReplies) {
+      await params.pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies(
+        params.to,
+        params.chunks[i]!,
+        params.quickReplies!,
+        { accountId: params.accountId },
+      );
+    } else {
+      await params.pushMessageLine(params.to, params.chunks[i]!, {
+        accountId: params.accountId,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { replyTokenUsed };
+}

src/line/rich-menu.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  createGridLayout,
+  messageAction,
+  uriAction,
+  postbackAction,
+  datetimePickerAction,
+  createDefaultMenuConfig,
+} from "./rich-menu.js";
+
+describe("messageAction", () => {
+  it("creates a message action", () => {
+    const action = messageAction("Help", "/help");
+
+    expect(action.type).toBe("message");
+    expect(action.label).toBe("Help");
+    expect((action as { text: string }).text).toBe("/help");
+  });
+
+  it("uses label as text when text not provided", () => {
+    const action = messageAction("Click");
+
+    expect((action as { text: string }).text).toBe("Click");
+  });
+
+  it("truncates label to 20 characters", () => {
+    const action = messageAction("This is a very long label text");
+
+    expect(action.label.length).toBe(20);
+    expect(action.label).toBe("This is a very long ");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("uriAction", () => {
+  it("creates a URI action", () => {
+    const action = uriAction("Open", "https://example.com");
+
+    expect(action.type).toBe("uri");
+    expect(action.label).toBe("Open");
+    expect((action as { uri: string }).uri).toBe("https://example.com");
+  });
+
+  it("truncates label to 20 characters", () => {
+    const action = uriAction("Click here to visit our website", "https://example.com");
+
+    expect(action.label.length).toBe(20);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("postbackAction", () => {
+  it("creates a postback action", () => {
+    const action = postbackAction("Select", "action=select&item=1", "Selected item 1");
+
+    expect(action.type).toBe("postback");
+    expect(action.label).toBe("Select");
+    expect((action as { data: string }).data).toBe("action=select&item=1");
+    expect((action as { displayText: string }).displayText).toBe("Selected item 1");
+  });
+
+  it("truncates data to 300 characters", () => {
+    const longData = "x".repeat(400);
+    const action = postbackAction("Test", longData);
+
+    expect((action as { data: string }).data.length).toBe(300);
+  });
+
+  it("truncates displayText to 300 characters", () => {
+    const longText = "y".repeat(400);
+    const action = postbackAction("Test", "data", longText);
+
+    expect((action as { displayText: string }).displayText?.length).toBe(300);
+  });
+
+  it("omits displayText when not provided", () => {
+    const action = postbackAction("Test", "data");
+
+    expect((action as { displayText?: string }).displayText).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("datetimePickerAction", () => {
+  it("creates a date picker action", () => {
+    const action = datetimePickerAction("Pick date", "date_picked", "date");
+
+    expect(action.type).toBe("datetimepicker");
+    expect(action.label).toBe("Pick date");
+    expect((action as { mode: string }).mode).toBe("date");
+    expect((action as { data: string }).data).toBe("date_picked");
+  });
+
+  it("creates a time picker action", () => {
+    const action = datetimePickerAction("Pick time", "time_picked", "time");
+
+    expect((action as { mode: string }).mode).toBe("time");
+  });
+
+  it("creates a datetime picker action", () => {
+    const action = datetimePickerAction("Pick datetime", "datetime_picked", "datetime");
+
+    expect((action as { mode: string }).mode).toBe("datetime");
+  });
+
+  it("includes initial/min/max when provided", () => {
+    const action = datetimePickerAction("Pick", "data", "date", {
+      initial: "2024-06-15",
+      min: "2024-01-01",
+      max: "2024-12-31",
+    });
+
+    expect((action as { initial: string }).initial).toBe("2024-06-15");
+    expect((action as { min: string }).min).toBe("2024-01-01");
+    expect((action as { max: string }).max).toBe("2024-12-31");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createGridLayout", () => {
+  it("creates a 2x3 grid layout for tall menu", () => {
+    const actions = [
+      messageAction("A1"),
+      messageAction("A2"),
+      messageAction("A3"),
+      messageAction("A4"),
+      messageAction("A5"),
+      messageAction("A6"),
+    ] as [
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+    ];
+
+    const areas = createGridLayout(1686, actions);
+
+    expect(areas.length).toBe(6);
+
+    // Check first row positions
+    expect(areas[0].bounds.x).toBe(0);
+    expect(areas[0].bounds.y).toBe(0);
+    expect(areas[1].bounds.x).toBe(833);
+    expect(areas[1].bounds.y).toBe(0);
+    expect(areas[2].bounds.x).toBe(1666);
+    expect(areas[2].bounds.y).toBe(0);
+
+    // Check second row positions
+    expect(areas[3].bounds.y).toBe(843);
+    expect(areas[4].bounds.y).toBe(843);
+    expect(areas[5].bounds.y).toBe(843);
+  });
+
+  it("creates a 2x3 grid layout for short menu", () => {
+    const actions = [
+      messageAction("A1"),
+      messageAction("A2"),
+      messageAction("A3"),
+      messageAction("A4"),
+      messageAction("A5"),
+      messageAction("A6"),
+    ] as [
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+    ];
+
+    const areas = createGridLayout(843, actions);
+
+    expect(areas.length).toBe(6);
+
+    // Row height should be half of 843
+    expect(areas[0].bounds.height).toBe(421);
+    expect(areas[3].bounds.y).toBe(421);
+  });
+
+  it("assigns correct actions to areas", () => {
+    const actions = [
+      messageAction("Help", "/help"),
+      messageAction("Status", "/status"),
+      messageAction("Settings", "/settings"),
+      messageAction("About", "/about"),
+      messageAction("Feedback", "/feedback"),
+      messageAction("Contact", "/contact"),
+    ] as [
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+      ReturnType<typeof messageAction>,
+    ];
+
+    const areas = createGridLayout(843, actions);
+
+    expect((areas[0].action as { text: string }).text).toBe("/help");
+    expect((areas[1].action as { text: string }).text).toBe("/status");
+    expect((areas[2].action as { text: string }).text).toBe("/settings");
+    expect((areas[3].action as { text: string }).text).toBe("/about");
+    expect((areas[4].action as { text: string }).text).toBe("/feedback");
+    expect((areas[5].action as { text: string }).text).toBe("/contact");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createDefaultMenuConfig", () => {
+  it("creates a valid default menu configuration", () => {
+    const config = createDefaultMenuConfig();
+
+    expect(config.size.width).toBe(2500);
+    expect(config.size.height).toBe(843);
+    expect(config.selected).toBe(false);
+    expect(config.name).toBe("Default Menu");
+    expect(config.chatBarText).toBe("Menu");
+    expect(config.areas.length).toBe(6);
+  });
+
+  it("has valid area bounds", () => {
+    const config = createDefaultMenuConfig();
+
+    for (const area of config.areas) {
+      expect(area.bounds.x).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+      expect(area.bounds.y).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+      expect(area.bounds.width).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(area.bounds.height).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(area.bounds.x + area.bounds.width).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2500);
+      expect(area.bounds.y + area.bounds.height).toBeLessThanOrEqual(843);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("has message actions for all areas", () => {
+    const config = createDefaultMenuConfig();
+
+    for (const area of config.areas) {
+      expect(area.action.type).toBe("message");
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("has expected default commands", () => {
+    const config = createDefaultMenuConfig();
+
+    const commands = config.areas.map((a) => (a.action as { text: string }).text);
+    expect(commands).toContain("/help");
+    expect(commands).toContain("/status");
+    expect(commands).toContain("/settings");
+  });
+});

src/line/rich-menu.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+import { messagingApi } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { loadConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import { logVerbose } from "../globals.js";
+import { resolveLineAccount } from "./accounts.js";
+
+type RichMenuRequest = messagingApi.RichMenuRequest;
+type RichMenuResponse = messagingApi.RichMenuResponse;
+type RichMenuArea = messagingApi.RichMenuArea;
+type Action = messagingApi.Action;
+
+export interface RichMenuSize {
+  width: 2500;
+  height: 1686 | 843;
+}
+
+export interface RichMenuAreaRequest {
+  bounds: {
+    x: number;
+    y: number;
+    width: number;
+    height: number;
+  };
+  action: Action;
+}
+
+export interface CreateRichMenuParams {
+  size: RichMenuSize;
+  selected?: boolean;
+  name: string;
+  chatBarText: string;
+  areas: RichMenuAreaRequest[];
+}
+
+interface RichMenuOpts {
+  channelAccessToken?: string;
+  accountId?: string;
+  verbose?: boolean;
+}
+
+function resolveToken(
+  explicit: string | undefined,
+  params: { accountId: string; channelAccessToken: string },
+): string {
+  if (explicit?.trim()) return explicit.trim();
+  if (!params.channelAccessToken) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `LINE channel access token missing for account "${params.accountId}" (set channels.line.channelAccessToken or LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN).`,
+    );
+  }
+  return params.channelAccessToken.trim();
+}
+
+function getClient(opts: RichMenuOpts = {}): messagingApi.MessagingApiClient {
+  const cfg = loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+  const token = resolveToken(opts.channelAccessToken, account);
+
+  return new messagingApi.MessagingApiClient({
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+  });
+}
+
+function getBlobClient(opts: RichMenuOpts = {}): messagingApi.MessagingApiBlobClient {
+  const cfg = loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+  const token = resolveToken(opts.channelAccessToken, account);
+
+  return new messagingApi.MessagingApiBlobClient({
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a new rich menu
+ * @returns The rich menu ID
+ */
+export async function createRichMenu(
+  menu: CreateRichMenuParams,
+  opts: RichMenuOpts = {},
+): Promise<string> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  const richMenuRequest: RichMenuRequest = {
+    size: menu.size,
+    selected: menu.selected ?? false,
+    name: menu.name.slice(0, 300), // LINE limit
+    chatBarText: menu.chatBarText.slice(0, 14), // LINE limit
+    areas: menu.areas as RichMenuArea[],
+  };
+
+  const response = await client.createRichMenu(richMenuRequest);
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: created rich menu ${response.richMenuId}`);
+  }
+
+  return response.richMenuId;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Upload an image for a rich menu
+ * Image requirements:
+ * - Format: JPEG or PNG
+ * - Size: Must match the rich menu size (2500x1686 or 2500x843)
+ * - Max file size: 1MB
+ */
+export async function uploadRichMenuImage(
+  richMenuId: string,
+  imagePath: string,
+  opts: RichMenuOpts = {},
+): Promise<void> {
+  const blobClient = getBlobClient(opts);
+
+  const imageData = await readFile(imagePath);
+  const contentType = imagePath.toLowerCase().endsWith(".png") ? "image/png" : "image/jpeg";
+
+  await blobClient.setRichMenuImage(richMenuId, new Blob([imageData], { type: contentType }));
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: uploaded image to rich menu ${richMenuId}`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the default rich menu for all users
+ */
+export async function setDefaultRichMenu(
+  richMenuId: string,
+  opts: RichMenuOpts = {},
+): Promise<void> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  await client.setDefaultRichMenu(richMenuId);
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: set default rich menu to ${richMenuId}`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Cancel the default rich menu
+ */
+export async function cancelDefaultRichMenu(opts: RichMenuOpts = {}): Promise<void> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  await client.cancelDefaultRichMenu();
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: cancelled default rich menu`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the default rich menu ID
+ */
+export async function getDefaultRichMenuId(opts: RichMenuOpts = {}): Promise<string | null> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  try {
+    const response = await client.getDefaultRichMenuId();
+    return response.richMenuId ?? null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Link a rich menu to a specific user
+ */
+export async function linkRichMenuToUser(
+  userId: string,
+  richMenuId: string,
+  opts: RichMenuOpts = {},
+): Promise<void> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  await client.linkRichMenuIdToUser(userId, richMenuId);
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: linked rich menu ${richMenuId} to user ${userId}`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Link a rich menu to multiple users (up to 500)
+ */
+export async function linkRichMenuToUsers(
+  userIds: string[],
+  richMenuId: string,
+  opts: RichMenuOpts = {},
+): Promise<void> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  // LINE allows max 500 users per request
+  const batches = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < userIds.length; i += 500) {
+    batches.push(userIds.slice(i, i + 500));
+  }
+
+  for (const batch of batches) {
+    await client.linkRichMenuIdToUsers({
+      richMenuId,
+      userIds: batch,
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: linked rich menu ${richMenuId} to ${userIds.length} users`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Unlink a rich menu from a specific user
+ */
+export async function unlinkRichMenuFromUser(
+  userId: string,
+  opts: RichMenuOpts = {},
+): Promise<void> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  await client.unlinkRichMenuIdFromUser(userId);
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: unlinked rich menu from user ${userId}`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Unlink rich menus from multiple users (up to 500)
+ */
+export async function unlinkRichMenuFromUsers(
+  userIds: string[],
+  opts: RichMenuOpts = {},
+): Promise<void> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  // LINE allows max 500 users per request
+  const batches = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < userIds.length; i += 500) {
+    batches.push(userIds.slice(i, i + 500));
+  }
+
+  for (const batch of batches) {
+    await client.unlinkRichMenuIdFromUsers({
+      userIds: batch,
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: unlinked rich menu from ${userIds.length} users`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the rich menu linked to a specific user
+ */
+export async function getRichMenuIdOfUser(
+  userId: string,
+  opts: RichMenuOpts = {},
+): Promise<string | null> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  try {
+    const response = await client.getRichMenuIdOfUser(userId);
+    return response.richMenuId ?? null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a list of all rich menus
+ */
+export async function getRichMenuList(opts: RichMenuOpts = {}): Promise<RichMenuResponse[]> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  const response = await client.getRichMenuList();
+  return response.richmenus ?? [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a specific rich menu by ID
+ */
+export async function getRichMenu(
+  richMenuId: string,
+  opts: RichMenuOpts = {},
+): Promise<RichMenuResponse | null> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  try {
+    return await client.getRichMenu(richMenuId);
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Delete a rich menu
+ */
+export async function deleteRichMenu(richMenuId: string, opts: RichMenuOpts = {}): Promise<void> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  await client.deleteRichMenu(richMenuId);
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: deleted rich menu ${richMenuId}`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a rich menu alias
+ */
+export async function createRichMenuAlias(
+  richMenuId: string,
+  aliasId: string,
+  opts: RichMenuOpts = {},
+): Promise<void> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  await client.createRichMenuAlias({
+    richMenuId,
+    richMenuAliasId: aliasId,
+  });
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: created alias ${aliasId} for rich menu ${richMenuId}`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Delete a rich menu alias
+ */
+export async function deleteRichMenuAlias(aliasId: string, opts: RichMenuOpts = {}): Promise<void> {
+  const client = getClient(opts);
+
+  await client.deleteRichMenuAlias(aliasId);
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: deleted alias ${aliasId}`);
+  }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Default Menu Template Helpers
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Create a standard 2x3 grid layout for rich menu areas
+ * Returns 6 areas in a 2-row, 3-column layout
+ */
+export function createGridLayout(
+  height: 1686 | 843,
+  actions: [Action, Action, Action, Action, Action, Action],
+): RichMenuAreaRequest[] {
+  const colWidth = Math.floor(2500 / 3);
+  const rowHeight = Math.floor(height / 2);
+
+  return [
+    // Top row
+    { bounds: { x: 0, y: 0, width: colWidth, height: rowHeight }, action: actions[0] },
+    { bounds: { x: colWidth, y: 0, width: colWidth, height: rowHeight }, action: actions[1] },
+    { bounds: { x: colWidth * 2, y: 0, width: colWidth, height: rowHeight }, action: actions[2] },
+    // Bottom row
+    { bounds: { x: 0, y: rowHeight, width: colWidth, height: rowHeight }, action: actions[3] },
+    {
+      bounds: { x: colWidth, y: rowHeight, width: colWidth, height: rowHeight },
+      action: actions[4],
+    },
+    {
+      bounds: { x: colWidth * 2, y: rowHeight, width: colWidth, height: rowHeight },
+      action: actions[5],
+    },
+  ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a message action (sends text when tapped)
+ */
+export function messageAction(label: string, text?: string): Action {
+  return {
+    type: "message",
+    label: label.slice(0, 20),
+    text: text ?? label,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a URI action (opens a URL when tapped)
+ */
+export function uriAction(label: string, uri: string): Action {
+  return {
+    type: "uri",
+    label: label.slice(0, 20),
+    uri,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a postback action (sends data to webhook when tapped)
+ */
+export function postbackAction(label: string, data: string, displayText?: string): Action {
+  return {
+    type: "postback",
+    label: label.slice(0, 20),
+    data: data.slice(0, 300),
+    displayText: displayText?.slice(0, 300),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a datetime picker action
+ */
+export function datetimePickerAction(
+  label: string,
+  data: string,
+  mode: "date" | "time" | "datetime",
+  options?: {
+    initial?: string;
+    max?: string;
+    min?: string;
+  },
+): Action {
+  return {
+    type: "datetimepicker",
+    label: label.slice(0, 20),
+    data: data.slice(0, 300),
+    mode,
+    initial: options?.initial,
+    max: options?.max,
+    min: options?.min,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a default help/status/settings menu
+ * This is a convenience function to quickly set up a standard menu
+ */
+export function createDefaultMenuConfig(): CreateRichMenuParams {
+  return {
+    size: { width: 2500, height: 843 },
+    selected: false,
+    name: "Default Menu",
+    chatBarText: "Menu",
+    areas: createGridLayout(843, [
+      messageAction("Help", "/help"),
+      messageAction("Status", "/status"),
+      messageAction("Settings", "/settings"),
+      messageAction("About", "/about"),
+      messageAction("Feedback", "/feedback"),
+      messageAction("Contact", "/contact"),
+    ]),
+  };
+}
+
+// Re-export types
+export type { RichMenuRequest, RichMenuResponse, RichMenuArea, Action };

src/line/send.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  createFlexMessage,
+  createQuickReplyItems,
+  createTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+} from "./send.js";
+
+describe("createFlexMessage", () => {
+  it("creates a flex message with alt text and contents", () => {
+    const contents = {
+      type: "bubble" as const,
+      body: {
+        type: "box" as const,
+        layout: "vertical" as const,
+        contents: [],
+      },
+    };
+
+    const message = createFlexMessage("Alt text for flex", contents);
+
+    expect(message.type).toBe("flex");
+    expect(message.altText).toBe("Alt text for flex");
+    expect(message.contents).toBe(contents);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createQuickReplyItems", () => {
+  it("creates quick reply items from labels", () => {
+    const quickReply = createQuickReplyItems(["Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3"]);
+
+    expect(quickReply.items).toHaveLength(3);
+    expect(quickReply.items[0].type).toBe("action");
+    expect((quickReply.items[0].action as { label: string }).label).toBe("Option 1");
+    expect((quickReply.items[0].action as { text: string }).text).toBe("Option 1");
+  });
+
+  it("limits items to 13 (LINE maximum)", () => {
+    const labels = Array.from({ length: 20 }, (_, i) => `Option ${i + 1}`);
+    const quickReply = createQuickReplyItems(labels);
+
+    expect(quickReply.items).toHaveLength(13);
+  });
+
+  it("truncates labels to 20 characters", () => {
+    const quickReply = createQuickReplyItems([
+      "This is a very long option label that exceeds the limit",
+    ]);
+
+    expect((quickReply.items[0].action as { label: string }).label).toBe("This is a very long ");
+    // Text is not truncated
+    expect((quickReply.items[0].action as { text: string }).text).toBe(
+      "This is a very long option label that exceeds the limit",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("creates message actions for each item", () => {
+    const quickReply = createQuickReplyItems(["A", "B"]);
+
+    expect((quickReply.items[0].action as { type: string }).type).toBe("message");
+    expect((quickReply.items[1].action as { type: string }).type).toBe("message");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createTextMessageWithQuickReplies", () => {
+  it("creates a text message with quick replies attached", () => {
+    const message = createTextMessageWithQuickReplies("Choose an option:", ["Yes", "No"]);
+
+    expect(message.type).toBe("text");
+    expect(message.text).toBe("Choose an option:");
+    expect(message.quickReply).toBeDefined();
+    expect(message.quickReply.items).toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+
+  it("preserves text content", () => {
+    const longText =
+      "This is a longer message that asks the user to select from multiple options below.";
+    const message = createTextMessageWithQuickReplies(longText, ["A", "B", "C"]);
+
+    expect(message.text).toBe(longText);
+  });
+
+  it("handles empty quick replies array", () => {
+    const message = createTextMessageWithQuickReplies("No options", []);
+
+    expect(message.quickReply.items).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it("quick replies use label as both label and text", () => {
+    const message = createTextMessageWithQuickReplies("Pick one:", ["Apple", "Banana"]);
+
+    const firstAction = message.quickReply.items[0].action as { label: string; text: string };
+    expect(firstAction.label).toBe("Apple");
+    expect(firstAction.text).toBe("Apple");
+  });
+});

src/line/send.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+import { messagingApi } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+import { loadConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import { logVerbose } from "../globals.js";
+import { recordChannelActivity } from "../infra/channel-activity.js";
+import { resolveLineAccount } from "./accounts.js";
+import type { LineSendResult } from "./types.js";
+
+// Use the messaging API types directly
+type Message = messagingApi.Message;
+type TextMessage = messagingApi.TextMessage;
+type ImageMessage = messagingApi.ImageMessage;
+type LocationMessage = messagingApi.LocationMessage;
+type FlexMessage = messagingApi.FlexMessage;
+type FlexContainer = messagingApi.FlexContainer;
+type TemplateMessage = messagingApi.TemplateMessage;
+type QuickReply = messagingApi.QuickReply;
+type QuickReplyItem = messagingApi.QuickReplyItem;
+
+// Cache for user profiles
+const userProfileCache = new Map<
+  string,
+  { displayName: string; pictureUrl?: string; fetchedAt: number }
+>();
+const PROFILE_CACHE_TTL_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000; // 5 minutes
+
+interface LineSendOpts {
+  channelAccessToken?: string;
+  accountId?: string;
+  verbose?: boolean;
+  mediaUrl?: string;
+  replyToken?: string;
+}
+
+function resolveToken(
+  explicit: string | undefined,
+  params: { accountId: string; channelAccessToken: string },
+): string {
+  if (explicit?.trim()) return explicit.trim();
+  if (!params.channelAccessToken) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `LINE channel access token missing for account "${params.accountId}" (set channels.line.channelAccessToken or LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN).`,
+    );
+  }
+  return params.channelAccessToken.trim();
+}
+
+function normalizeTarget(to: string): string {
+  const trimmed = to.trim();
+  if (!trimmed) throw new Error("Recipient is required for LINE sends");
+
+  // Strip internal prefixes
+  let normalized = trimmed
+    .replace(/^line:group:/i, "")
+    .replace(/^line:room:/i, "")
+    .replace(/^line:user:/i, "")
+    .replace(/^line:/i, "");
+
+  if (!normalized) throw new Error("Recipient is required for LINE sends");
+
+  return normalized;
+}
+
+function createTextMessage(text: string): TextMessage {
+  return { type: "text", text };
+}
+
+export function createImageMessage(
+  originalContentUrl: string,
+  previewImageUrl?: string,
+): ImageMessage {
+  return {
+    type: "image",
+    originalContentUrl,
+    previewImageUrl: previewImageUrl ?? originalContentUrl,
+  };
+}
+
+export function createLocationMessage(location: {
+  title: string;
+  address: string;
+  latitude: number;
+  longitude: number;
+}): LocationMessage {
+  return {
+    type: "location",
+    title: location.title.slice(0, 100), // LINE limit
+    address: location.address.slice(0, 100), // LINE limit
+    latitude: location.latitude,
+    longitude: location.longitude,
+  };
+}
+
+function logLineHttpError(err: unknown, context: string): void {
+  if (!err || typeof err !== "object") return;
+  const { status, statusText, body } = err as {
+    status?: number;
+    statusText?: string;
+    body?: string;
+  };
+  if (typeof body === "string") {
+    const summary = status ? `${status} ${statusText ?? ""}`.trim() : "unknown status";
+    logVerbose(`line: ${context} failed (${summary}): ${body}`);
+  }
+}
+
+export async function sendMessageLine(
+  to: string,
+  text: string,
+  opts: LineSendOpts = {},
+): Promise<LineSendResult> {
+  const cfg = loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+  const token = resolveToken(opts.channelAccessToken, account);
+  const chatId = normalizeTarget(to);
+
+  const client = new messagingApi.MessagingApiClient({
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+  });
+
+  const messages: Message[] = [];
+
+  // Add media if provided
+  if (opts.mediaUrl?.trim()) {
+    messages.push(createImageMessage(opts.mediaUrl.trim()));
+  }
+
+  // Add text message
+  if (text?.trim()) {
+    messages.push(createTextMessage(text.trim()));
+  }
+
+  if (messages.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error("Message must be non-empty for LINE sends");
+  }
+
+  // Use reply if we have a reply token, otherwise push
+  if (opts.replyToken) {
+    await client.replyMessage({
+      replyToken: opts.replyToken,
+      messages,
+    });
+
+    recordChannelActivity({
+      channel: "line",
+      accountId: account.accountId,
+      direction: "outbound",
+    });
+
+    if (opts.verbose) {
+      logVerbose(`line: replied to ${chatId}`);
+    }
+
+    return {
+      messageId: "reply",
+      chatId,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Push message (for proactive messaging)
+  await client.pushMessage({
+    to: chatId,
+    messages,
+  });
+
+  recordChannelActivity({
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+    direction: "outbound",
+  });
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: pushed message to ${chatId}`);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    messageId: "push",
+    chatId,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function pushMessageLine(
+  to: string,
+  text: string,
+  opts: LineSendOpts = {},
+): Promise<LineSendResult> {
+  // Force push (no reply token)
+  return sendMessageLine(to, text, { ...opts, replyToken: undefined });
+}
+
+export async function replyMessageLine(
+  replyToken: string,
+  messages: Message[],
+  opts: { channelAccessToken?: string; accountId?: string; verbose?: boolean } = {},
+): Promise<void> {
+  const cfg = loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+  const token = resolveToken(opts.channelAccessToken, account);
+
+  const client = new messagingApi.MessagingApiClient({
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+  });
+
+  await client.replyMessage({
+    replyToken,
+    messages,
+  });
+
+  recordChannelActivity({
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+    direction: "outbound",
+  });
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: replied with ${messages.length} messages`);
+  }
+}
+
+export async function pushMessagesLine(
+  to: string,
+  messages: Message[],
+  opts: { channelAccessToken?: string; accountId?: string; verbose?: boolean } = {},
+): Promise<LineSendResult> {
+  if (messages.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error("Message must be non-empty for LINE sends");
+  }
+
+  const cfg = loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+  const token = resolveToken(opts.channelAccessToken, account);
+  const chatId = normalizeTarget(to);
+
+  const client = new messagingApi.MessagingApiClient({
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+  });
+
+  await client
+    .pushMessage({
+      to: chatId,
+      messages,
+    })
+    .catch((err) => {
+      logLineHttpError(err, "push message");
+      throw err;
+    });
+
+  recordChannelActivity({
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+    direction: "outbound",
+  });
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: pushed ${messages.length} messages to ${chatId}`);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    messageId: "push",
+    chatId,
+  };
+}
+
+export function createFlexMessage(
+  altText: string,
+  contents: messagingApi.FlexContainer,
+): messagingApi.FlexMessage {
+  return {
+    type: "flex",
+    altText,
+    contents,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Push an image message to a user/group
+ */
+export async function pushImageMessage(
+  to: string,
+  originalContentUrl: string,
+  previewImageUrl?: string,
+  opts: { channelAccessToken?: string; accountId?: string; verbose?: boolean } = {},
+): Promise<LineSendResult> {
+  const cfg = loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+  const token = resolveToken(opts.channelAccessToken, account);
+  const chatId = normalizeTarget(to);
+
+  const client = new messagingApi.MessagingApiClient({
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+  });
+
+  const imageMessage = createImageMessage(originalContentUrl, previewImageUrl);
+
+  await client.pushMessage({
+    to: chatId,
+    messages: [imageMessage],
+  });
+
+  recordChannelActivity({
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+    direction: "outbound",
+  });
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: pushed image to ${chatId}`);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    messageId: "push",
+    chatId,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Push a location message to a user/group
+ */
+export async function pushLocationMessage(
+  to: string,
+  location: {
+    title: string;
+    address: string;
+    latitude: number;
+    longitude: number;
+  },
+  opts: { channelAccessToken?: string; accountId?: string; verbose?: boolean } = {},
+): Promise<LineSendResult> {
+  const cfg = loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+  const token = resolveToken(opts.channelAccessToken, account);
+  const chatId = normalizeTarget(to);
+
+  const client = new messagingApi.MessagingApiClient({
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+  });
+
+  const locationMessage = createLocationMessage(location);
+
+  await client.pushMessage({
+    to: chatId,
+    messages: [locationMessage],
+  });
+
+  recordChannelActivity({
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+    direction: "outbound",
+  });
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: pushed location to ${chatId}`);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    messageId: "push",
+    chatId,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Push a Flex Message to a user/group
+ */
+export async function pushFlexMessage(
+  to: string,
+  altText: string,
+  contents: FlexContainer,
+  opts: { channelAccessToken?: string; accountId?: string; verbose?: boolean } = {},
+): Promise<LineSendResult> {
+  const cfg = loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+  const token = resolveToken(opts.channelAccessToken, account);
+  const chatId = normalizeTarget(to);
+
+  const client = new messagingApi.MessagingApiClient({
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+  });
+
+  const flexMessage: FlexMessage = {
+    type: "flex",
+    altText: altText.slice(0, 400), // LINE limit
+    contents,
+  };
+
+  await client
+    .pushMessage({
+      to: chatId,
+      messages: [flexMessage],
+    })
+    .catch((err) => {
+      logLineHttpError(err, "push flex message");
+      throw err;
+    });
+
+  recordChannelActivity({
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+    direction: "outbound",
+  });
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: pushed flex message to ${chatId}`);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    messageId: "push",
+    chatId,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Push a Template Message to a user/group
+ */
+export async function pushTemplateMessage(
+  to: string,
+  template: TemplateMessage,
+  opts: { channelAccessToken?: string; accountId?: string; verbose?: boolean } = {},
+): Promise<LineSendResult> {
+  const cfg = loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+  const token = resolveToken(opts.channelAccessToken, account);
+  const chatId = normalizeTarget(to);
+
+  const client = new messagingApi.MessagingApiClient({
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+  });
+
+  await client.pushMessage({
+    to: chatId,
+    messages: [template],
+  });
+
+  recordChannelActivity({
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+    direction: "outbound",
+  });
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: pushed template message to ${chatId}`);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    messageId: "push",
+    chatId,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Push a text message with quick reply buttons
+ */
+export async function pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies(
+  to: string,
+  text: string,
+  quickReplyLabels: string[],
+  opts: { channelAccessToken?: string; accountId?: string; verbose?: boolean } = {},
+): Promise<LineSendResult> {
+  const cfg = loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+  const token = resolveToken(opts.channelAccessToken, account);
+  const chatId = normalizeTarget(to);
+
+  const client = new messagingApi.MessagingApiClient({
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+  });
+
+  const message = createTextMessageWithQuickReplies(text, quickReplyLabels);
+
+  await client.pushMessage({
+    to: chatId,
+    messages: [message],
+  });
+
+  recordChannelActivity({
+    channel: "line",
+    accountId: account.accountId,
+    direction: "outbound",
+  });
+
+  if (opts.verbose) {
+    logVerbose(`line: pushed message with quick replies to ${chatId}`);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    messageId: "push",
+    chatId,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create quick reply buttons to attach to a message
+ */
+export function createQuickReplyItems(labels: string[]): QuickReply {
+  const items: QuickReplyItem[] = labels.slice(0, 13).map((label) => ({
+    type: "action",
+    action: {
+      type: "message",
+      label: label.slice(0, 20), // LINE limit: 20 chars
+      text: label,
+    },
+  }));
+  return { items };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a text message with quick reply buttons
+ */
+export function createTextMessageWithQuickReplies(
+  text: string,
+  quickReplyLabels: string[],
+): TextMessage & { quickReply: QuickReply } {
+  return {
+    type: "text",
+    text,
+    quickReply: createQuickReplyItems(quickReplyLabels),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Show loading animation to user (lasts up to 20 seconds or until next message)
+ */
+export async function showLoadingAnimation(
+  chatId: string,
+  opts: { channelAccessToken?: string; accountId?: string; loadingSeconds?: number } = {},
+): Promise<void> {
+  const cfg = loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+  const token = resolveToken(opts.channelAccessToken, account);
+
+  const client = new messagingApi.MessagingApiClient({
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+  });
+
+  try {
+    await client.showLoadingAnimation({
+      chatId: normalizeTarget(chatId),
+      loadingSeconds: opts.loadingSeconds ?? 20,
+    });
+    logVerbose(`line: showing loading animation to ${chatId}`);
+  } catch (err) {
+    // Loading animation may fail for groups or unsupported clients - ignore
+    logVerbose(`line: loading animation failed (non-fatal): ${String(err)}`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fetch user profile (display name, picture URL)
+ */
+export async function getUserProfile(
+  userId: string,
+  opts: { channelAccessToken?: string; accountId?: string; useCache?: boolean } = {},
+): Promise<{ displayName: string; pictureUrl?: string } | null> {
+  const useCache = opts.useCache ?? true;
+
+  // Check cache first
+  if (useCache) {
+    const cached = userProfileCache.get(userId);
+    if (cached && Date.now() - cached.fetchedAt < PROFILE_CACHE_TTL_MS) {
+      return { displayName: cached.displayName, pictureUrl: cached.pictureUrl };
+    }
+  }
+
+  const cfg = loadConfig();
+  const account = resolveLineAccount({
+    cfg,
+    accountId: opts.accountId,
+  });
+  const token = resolveToken(opts.channelAccessToken, account);
+
+  const client = new messagingApi.MessagingApiClient({
+    channelAccessToken: token,
+  });
+
+  try {
+    const profile = await client.getProfile(userId);
+    const result = {
+      displayName: profile.displayName,
+      pictureUrl: profile.pictureUrl,
+    };
+
+    // Cache the result
+    userProfileCache.set(userId, {
+      ...result,
+      fetchedAt: Date.now(),
+    });
+
+    return result;
+  } catch (err) {
+    logVerbose(`line: failed to fetch profile for ${userId}: ${String(err)}`);
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get user's display name (with fallback to userId)
+ */
+export async function getUserDisplayName(
+  userId: string,
+  opts: { channelAccessToken?: string; accountId?: string } = {},
+): Promise<string> {
+  const profile = await getUserProfile(userId, opts);
+  return profile?.displayName ?? userId;
+}

src/line/template-messages.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  createConfirmTemplate,
+  createButtonTemplate,
+  createTemplateCarousel,
+  createCarouselColumn,
+  createImageCarousel,
+  createImageCarouselColumn,
+  createYesNoConfirm,
+  createButtonMenu,
+  createLinkMenu,
+  createProductCarousel,
+  messageAction,
+  uriAction,
+  postbackAction,
+  datetimePickerAction,
+} from "./template-messages.js";
+
+describe("messageAction", () => {
+  it("creates a message action", () => {
+    const action = messageAction("Click me", "clicked");
+
+    expect(action.type).toBe("message");
+    expect(action.label).toBe("Click me");
+    expect((action as { text: string }).text).toBe("clicked");
+  });
+
+  it("uses label as text when text not provided", () => {
+    const action = messageAction("Click");
+
+    expect((action as { text: string }).text).toBe("Click");
+  });
+
+  it("truncates label to 20 characters", () => {
+    const action = messageAction("This is a very long label that exceeds the limit");
+
+    expect(action.label).toBe("This is a very long ");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("uriAction", () => {
+  it("creates a URI action", () => {
+    const action = uriAction("Visit", "https://example.com");
+
+    expect(action.type).toBe("uri");
+    expect(action.label).toBe("Visit");
+    expect((action as { uri: string }).uri).toBe("https://example.com");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("postbackAction", () => {
+  it("creates a postback action", () => {
+    const action = postbackAction("Select", "action=select&id=1");
+
+    expect(action.type).toBe("postback");
+    expect(action.label).toBe("Select");
+    expect((action as { data: string }).data).toBe("action=select&id=1");
+  });
+
+  it("includes displayText when provided", () => {
+    const action = postbackAction("Select", "data", "Selected!");
+
+    expect((action as { displayText: string }).displayText).toBe("Selected!");
+  });
+
+  it("truncates data to 300 characters", () => {
+    const longData = "x".repeat(400);
+    const action = postbackAction("Test", longData);
+
+    expect((action as { data: string }).data.length).toBe(300);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("datetimePickerAction", () => {
+  it("creates a datetime picker action", () => {
+    const action = datetimePickerAction("Pick date", "date_selected", "date");
+
+    expect(action.type).toBe("datetimepicker");
+    expect(action.label).toBe("Pick date");
+    expect((action as { mode: string }).mode).toBe("date");
+  });
+
+  it("includes min/max/initial when provided", () => {
+    const action = datetimePickerAction("Pick", "data", "datetime", {
+      initial: "2024-01-01T12:00",
+      min: "2024-01-01T00:00",
+      max: "2024-12-31T23:59",
+    });
+
+    expect((action as { initial: string }).initial).toBe("2024-01-01T12:00");
+    expect((action as { min: string }).min).toBe("2024-01-01T00:00");
+    expect((action as { max: string }).max).toBe("2024-12-31T23:59");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createConfirmTemplate", () => {
+  it("creates a confirm template", () => {
+    const confirm = messageAction("Yes");
+    const cancel = messageAction("No");
+    const template = createConfirmTemplate("Are you sure?", confirm, cancel);
+
+    expect(template.type).toBe("template");
+    expect(template.template.type).toBe("confirm");
+    expect((template.template as { text: string }).text).toBe("Are you sure?");
+  });
+
+  it("truncates text to 240 characters", () => {
+    const longText = "x".repeat(300);
+    const template = createConfirmTemplate(longText, messageAction("Yes"), messageAction("No"));
+
+    expect((template.template as { text: string }).text.length).toBe(240);
+  });
+
+  it("uses custom altText when provided", () => {
+    const template = createConfirmTemplate(
+      "Question?",
+      messageAction("Yes"),
+      messageAction("No"),
+      "Custom alt",
+    );
+
+    expect(template.altText).toBe("Custom alt");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createButtonTemplate", () => {
+  it("creates a button template", () => {
+    const actions = [messageAction("Button 1"), messageAction("Button 2")];
+    const template = createButtonTemplate("Title", "Description", actions);
+
+    expect(template.type).toBe("template");
+    expect(template.template.type).toBe("buttons");
+    expect((template.template as { title: string }).title).toBe("Title");
+    expect((template.template as { text: string }).text).toBe("Description");
+  });
+
+  it("limits actions to 4", () => {
+    const actions = Array.from({ length: 6 }, (_, i) => messageAction(`Button ${i}`));
+    const template = createButtonTemplate("Title", "Text", actions);
+
+    expect((template.template as { actions: unknown[] }).actions.length).toBe(4);
+  });
+
+  it("truncates title to 40 characters", () => {
+    const longTitle = "x".repeat(50);
+    const template = createButtonTemplate(longTitle, "Text", [messageAction("OK")]);
+
+    expect((template.template as { title: string }).title.length).toBe(40);
+  });
+
+  it("includes thumbnail when provided", () => {
+    const template = createButtonTemplate("Title", "Text", [messageAction("OK")], {
+      thumbnailImageUrl: "https://example.com/thumb.jpg",
+    });
+
+    expect((template.template as { thumbnailImageUrl: string }).thumbnailImageUrl).toBe(
+      "https://example.com/thumb.jpg",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("truncates text to 60 chars when no thumbnail is provided", () => {
+    const longText = "x".repeat(100);
+    const template = createButtonTemplate("Title", longText, [messageAction("OK")]);
+
+    expect((template.template as { text: string }).text.length).toBe(60);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps longer text when thumbnail is provided", () => {
+    const longText = "x".repeat(100);
+    const template = createButtonTemplate("Title", longText, [messageAction("OK")], {
+      thumbnailImageUrl: "https://example.com/thumb.jpg",
+    });
+
+    expect((template.template as { text: string }).text.length).toBe(100);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createTemplateCarousel", () => {
+  it("creates a carousel template", () => {
+    const columns = [
+      createCarouselColumn({ text: "Column 1", actions: [messageAction("Select")] }),
+      createCarouselColumn({ text: "Column 2", actions: [messageAction("Select")] }),
+    ];
+    const template = createTemplateCarousel(columns);
+
+    expect(template.type).toBe("template");
+    expect(template.template.type).toBe("carousel");
+    expect((template.template as { columns: unknown[] }).columns.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it("limits columns to 10", () => {
+    const columns = Array.from({ length: 15 }, () =>
+      createCarouselColumn({ text: "Text", actions: [messageAction("OK")] }),
+    );
+    const template = createTemplateCarousel(columns);
+
+    expect((template.template as { columns: unknown[] }).columns.length).toBe(10);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createCarouselColumn", () => {
+  it("creates a carousel column", () => {
+    const column = createCarouselColumn({
+      title: "Item",
+      text: "Description",
+      actions: [messageAction("View")],
+      thumbnailImageUrl: "https://example.com/img.jpg",
+    });
+
+    expect(column.title).toBe("Item");
+    expect(column.text).toBe("Description");
+    expect(column.thumbnailImageUrl).toBe("https://example.com/img.jpg");
+    expect(column.actions.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it("limits actions to 3", () => {
+    const column = createCarouselColumn({
+      text: "Text",
+      actions: [
+        messageAction("A1"),
+        messageAction("A2"),
+        messageAction("A3"),
+        messageAction("A4"),
+        messageAction("A5"),
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(column.actions.length).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  it("truncates text to 120 characters", () => {
+    const longText = "x".repeat(150);
+    const column = createCarouselColumn({ text: longText, actions: [messageAction("OK")] });
+
+    expect(column.text.length).toBe(120);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createImageCarousel", () => {
+  it("creates an image carousel", () => {
+    const columns = [
+      createImageCarouselColumn("https://example.com/1.jpg", messageAction("View 1")),
+      createImageCarouselColumn("https://example.com/2.jpg", messageAction("View 2")),
+    ];
+    const template = createImageCarousel(columns);
+
+    expect(template.type).toBe("template");
+    expect(template.template.type).toBe("image_carousel");
+  });
+
+  it("limits columns to 10", () => {
+    const columns = Array.from({ length: 15 }, (_, i) =>
+      createImageCarouselColumn(`https://example.com/${i}.jpg`, messageAction("View")),
+    );
+    const template = createImageCarousel(columns);
+
+    expect((template.template as { columns: unknown[] }).columns.length).toBe(10);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createImageCarouselColumn", () => {
+  it("creates an image carousel column", () => {
+    const action = uriAction("Visit", "https://example.com");
+    const column = createImageCarouselColumn("https://example.com/img.jpg", action);
+
+    expect(column.imageUrl).toBe("https://example.com/img.jpg");
+    expect(column.action).toBe(action);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createYesNoConfirm", () => {
+  it("creates a yes/no confirmation with defaults", () => {
+    const template = createYesNoConfirm("Continue?");
+
+    expect(template.type).toBe("template");
+    expect(template.template.type).toBe("confirm");
+
+    const actions = (template.template as { actions: Array<{ label: string }> }).actions;
+    expect(actions[0].label).toBe("Yes");
+    expect(actions[1].label).toBe("No");
+  });
+
+  it("allows custom button text", () => {
+    const template = createYesNoConfirm("Delete?", {
+      yesText: "Delete",
+      noText: "Cancel",
+    });
+
+    const actions = (template.template as { actions: Array<{ label: string }> }).actions;
+    expect(actions[0].label).toBe("Delete");
+    expect(actions[1].label).toBe("Cancel");
+  });
+
+  it("uses postback actions when data provided", () => {
+    const template = createYesNoConfirm("Confirm?", {
+      yesData: "action=confirm",
+      noData: "action=cancel",
+    });
+
+    const actions = (template.template as { actions: Array<{ type: string }> }).actions;
+    expect(actions[0].type).toBe("postback");
+    expect(actions[1].type).toBe("postback");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createButtonMenu", () => {
+  it("creates a button menu with text buttons", () => {
+    const template = createButtonMenu("Menu", "Choose an option", [
+      { label: "Option 1" },
+      { label: "Option 2", text: "selected option 2" },
+    ]);
+
+    expect(template.type).toBe("template");
+    expect(template.template.type).toBe("buttons");
+
+    const actions = (template.template as { actions: Array<{ type: string }> }).actions;
+    expect(actions.length).toBe(2);
+    expect(actions[0].type).toBe("message");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createLinkMenu", () => {
+  it("creates a button menu with URL links", () => {
+    const template = createLinkMenu("Links", "Visit our sites", [
+      { label: "Site 1", url: "https://site1.com" },
+      { label: "Site 2", url: "https://site2.com" },
+    ]);
+
+    expect(template.type).toBe("template");
+
+    const actions = (template.template as { actions: Array<{ type: string }> }).actions;
+    expect(actions[0].type).toBe("uri");
+    expect(actions[1].type).toBe("uri");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createProductCarousel", () => {
+  it("creates a product carousel", () => {
+    const template = createProductCarousel([
+      { title: "Product 1", description: "Desc 1", price: "$10" },
+      { title: "Product 2", description: "Desc 2", imageUrl: "https://example.com/p2.jpg" },
+    ]);
+
+    expect(template.type).toBe("template");
+    expect(template.template.type).toBe("carousel");
+
+    const columns = (template.template as { columns: unknown[] }).columns;
+    expect(columns.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it("uses URI action when actionUrl provided", () => {
+    const template = createProductCarousel([
+      {
+        title: "Product",
+        description: "Desc",
+        actionLabel: "Buy",
+        actionUrl: "https://shop.com/buy",
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const columns = (template.template as { columns: Array<{ actions: Array<{ type: string }> }> })
+      .columns;
+    expect(columns[0].actions[0].type).toBe("uri");
+  });
+
+  it("uses postback action when actionData provided", () => {
+    const template = createProductCarousel([
+      {
+        title: "Product",
+        description: "Desc",
+        actionLabel: "Select",
+        actionData: "product_id=123",
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const columns = (template.template as { columns: Array<{ actions: Array<{ type: string }> }> })
+      .columns;
+    expect(columns[0].actions[0].type).toBe("postback");
+  });
+
+  it("limits to 10 products", () => {
+    const products = Array.from({ length: 15 }, (_, i) => ({
+      title: `Product ${i}`,
+      description: `Desc ${i}`,
+    }));
+    const template = createProductCarousel(products);
+
+    const columns = (template.template as { columns: unknown[] }).columns;
+    expect(columns.length).toBe(10);
+  });
+});

src/line/template-messages.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+import type { messagingApi } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+
+type TemplateMessage = messagingApi.TemplateMessage;
+type ConfirmTemplate = messagingApi.ConfirmTemplate;
+type ButtonsTemplate = messagingApi.ButtonsTemplate;
+type CarouselTemplate = messagingApi.CarouselTemplate;
+type CarouselColumn = messagingApi.CarouselColumn;
+type ImageCarouselTemplate = messagingApi.ImageCarouselTemplate;
+type ImageCarouselColumn = messagingApi.ImageCarouselColumn;
+type Action = messagingApi.Action;
+
+/**
+ * Create a confirm template (yes/no style dialog)
+ */
+export function createConfirmTemplate(
+  text: string,
+  confirmAction: Action,
+  cancelAction: Action,
+  altText?: string,
+): TemplateMessage {
+  const template: ConfirmTemplate = {
+    type: "confirm",
+    text: text.slice(0, 240), // LINE limit
+    actions: [confirmAction, cancelAction],
+  };
+
+  return {
+    type: "template",
+    altText: altText?.slice(0, 400) ?? text.slice(0, 400),
+    template,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a button template with title, text, and action buttons
+ */
+export function createButtonTemplate(
+  title: string,
+  text: string,
+  actions: Action[],
+  options?: {
+    thumbnailImageUrl?: string;
+    imageAspectRatio?: "rectangle" | "square";
+    imageSize?: "cover" | "contain";
+    imageBackgroundColor?: string;
+    defaultAction?: Action;
+    altText?: string;
+  },
+): TemplateMessage {
+  const hasThumbnail = Boolean(options?.thumbnailImageUrl?.trim());
+  const textLimit = hasThumbnail ? 160 : 60;
+  const template: ButtonsTemplate = {
+    type: "buttons",
+    title: title.slice(0, 40), // LINE limit
+    text: text.slice(0, textLimit), // LINE limit (60 if no thumbnail, 160 with thumbnail)
+    actions: actions.slice(0, 4), // LINE limit: max 4 actions
+    thumbnailImageUrl: options?.thumbnailImageUrl,
+    imageAspectRatio: options?.imageAspectRatio ?? "rectangle",
+    imageSize: options?.imageSize ?? "cover",
+    imageBackgroundColor: options?.imageBackgroundColor,
+    defaultAction: options?.defaultAction,
+  };
+
+  return {
+    type: "template",
+    altText: options?.altText?.slice(0, 400) ?? `${title}: ${text}`.slice(0, 400),
+    template,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a carousel template with multiple columns
+ */
+export function createTemplateCarousel(
+  columns: CarouselColumn[],
+  options?: {
+    imageAspectRatio?: "rectangle" | "square";
+    imageSize?: "cover" | "contain";
+    altText?: string;
+  },
+): TemplateMessage {
+  const template: CarouselTemplate = {
+    type: "carousel",
+    columns: columns.slice(0, 10), // LINE limit: max 10 columns
+    imageAspectRatio: options?.imageAspectRatio ?? "rectangle",
+    imageSize: options?.imageSize ?? "cover",
+  };
+
+  return {
+    type: "template",
+    altText: options?.altText?.slice(0, 400) ?? "View carousel",
+    template,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a carousel column for use with createTemplateCarousel
+ */
+export function createCarouselColumn(params: {
+  title?: string;
+  text: string;
+  actions: Action[];
+  thumbnailImageUrl?: string;
+  imageBackgroundColor?: string;
+  defaultAction?: Action;
+}): CarouselColumn {
+  return {
+    title: params.title?.slice(0, 40),
+    text: params.text.slice(0, 120), // LINE limit
+    actions: params.actions.slice(0, 3), // LINE limit: max 3 actions per column
+    thumbnailImageUrl: params.thumbnailImageUrl,
+    imageBackgroundColor: params.imageBackgroundColor,
+    defaultAction: params.defaultAction,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create an image carousel template (simpler, image-focused carousel)
+ */
+export function createImageCarousel(
+  columns: ImageCarouselColumn[],
+  altText?: string,
+): TemplateMessage {
+  const template: ImageCarouselTemplate = {
+    type: "image_carousel",
+    columns: columns.slice(0, 10), // LINE limit: max 10 columns
+  };
+
+  return {
+    type: "template",
+    altText: altText?.slice(0, 400) ?? "View images",
+    template,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create an image carousel column for use with createImageCarousel
+ */
+export function createImageCarouselColumn(imageUrl: string, action: Action): ImageCarouselColumn {
+  return {
+    imageUrl,
+    action,
+  };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Action Helpers (same as rich-menu but re-exported for convenience)
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Create a message action (sends text when tapped)
+ */
+export function messageAction(label: string, text?: string): Action {
+  return {
+    type: "message",
+    label: label.slice(0, 20),
+    text: text ?? label,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a URI action (opens a URL when tapped)
+ */
+export function uriAction(label: string, uri: string): Action {
+  return {
+    type: "uri",
+    label: label.slice(0, 20),
+    uri,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a postback action (sends data to webhook when tapped)
+ */
+export function postbackAction(label: string, data: string, displayText?: string): Action {
+  return {
+    type: "postback",
+    label: label.slice(0, 20),
+    data: data.slice(0, 300),
+    displayText: displayText?.slice(0, 300),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a datetime picker action
+ */
+export function datetimePickerAction(
+  label: string,
+  data: string,
+  mode: "date" | "time" | "datetime",
+  options?: {
+    initial?: string;
+    max?: string;
+    min?: string;
+  },
+): Action {
+  return {
+    type: "datetimepicker",
+    label: label.slice(0, 20),
+    data: data.slice(0, 300),
+    mode,
+    initial: options?.initial,
+    max: options?.max,
+    min: options?.min,
+  };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Convenience Builders
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Create a simple yes/no confirmation dialog
+ */
+export function createYesNoConfirm(
+  question: string,
+  options?: {
+    yesText?: string;
+    noText?: string;
+    yesData?: string;
+    noData?: string;
+    altText?: string;
+  },
+): TemplateMessage {
+  const yesAction: Action = options?.yesData
+    ? postbackAction(options.yesText ?? "Yes", options.yesData, options.yesText ?? "Yes")
+    : messageAction(options?.yesText ?? "Yes");
+
+  const noAction: Action = options?.noData
+    ? postbackAction(options.noText ?? "No", options.noData, options.noText ?? "No")
+    : messageAction(options?.noText ?? "No");
+
+  return createConfirmTemplate(question, yesAction, noAction, options?.altText);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a button menu with simple text buttons
+ */
+export function createButtonMenu(
+  title: string,
+  text: string,
+  buttons: Array<{ label: string; text?: string }>,
+  options?: {
+    thumbnailImageUrl?: string;
+    altText?: string;
+  },
+): TemplateMessage {
+  const actions = buttons.slice(0, 4).map((btn) => messageAction(btn.label, btn.text));
+
+  return createButtonTemplate(title, text, actions, {
+    thumbnailImageUrl: options?.thumbnailImageUrl,
+    altText: options?.altText,
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a button menu with URL links
+ */
+export function createLinkMenu(
+  title: string,
+  text: string,
+  links: Array<{ label: string; url: string }>,
+  options?: {
+    thumbnailImageUrl?: string;
+    altText?: string;
+  },
+): TemplateMessage {
+  const actions = links.slice(0, 4).map((link) => uriAction(link.label, link.url));
+
+  return createButtonTemplate(title, text, actions, {
+    thumbnailImageUrl: options?.thumbnailImageUrl,
+    altText: options?.altText,
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a simple product/item carousel
+ */
+export function createProductCarousel(
+  products: Array<{
+    title: string;
+    description: string;
+    imageUrl?: string;
+    price?: string;
+    actionLabel?: string;
+    actionUrl?: string;
+    actionData?: string;
+  }>,
+  altText?: string,
+): TemplateMessage {
+  const columns = products.slice(0, 10).map((product) => {
+    const actions: Action[] = [];
+
+    // Add main action
+    if (product.actionUrl) {
+      actions.push(uriAction(product.actionLabel ?? "View", product.actionUrl));
+    } else if (product.actionData) {
+      actions.push(postbackAction(product.actionLabel ?? "Select", product.actionData));
+    } else {
+      actions.push(messageAction(product.actionLabel ?? "Select", product.title));
+    }
+
+    return createCarouselColumn({
+      title: product.title,
+      text: product.price
+        ? `${product.description}\n${product.price}`.slice(0, 120)
+        : product.description,
+      thumbnailImageUrl: product.imageUrl,
+      actions,
+    });
+  });
+
+  return createTemplateCarousel(columns, { altText });
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// ReplyPayload Conversion
+// ============================================================================
+
+import type { LineTemplateMessagePayload } from "./types.js";
+
+/**
+ * Convert a TemplateMessagePayload from ReplyPayload to a LINE TemplateMessage
+ */
+export function buildTemplateMessageFromPayload(
+  payload: LineTemplateMessagePayload,
+): TemplateMessage | null {
+  switch (payload.type) {
+    case "confirm": {
+      const confirmAction = payload.confirmData.startsWith("http")
+        ? uriAction(payload.confirmLabel, payload.confirmData)
+        : payload.confirmData.includes("=")
+          ? postbackAction(payload.confirmLabel, payload.confirmData, payload.confirmLabel)
+          : messageAction(payload.confirmLabel, payload.confirmData);
+
+      const cancelAction = payload.cancelData.startsWith("http")
+        ? uriAction(payload.cancelLabel, payload.cancelData)
+        : payload.cancelData.includes("=")
+          ? postbackAction(payload.cancelLabel, payload.cancelData, payload.cancelLabel)
+          : messageAction(payload.cancelLabel, payload.cancelData);
+
+      return createConfirmTemplate(payload.text, confirmAction, cancelAction, payload.altText);
+    }
+
+    case "buttons": {
+      const actions: Action[] = payload.actions.slice(0, 4).map((action) => {
+        if (action.type === "uri" && action.uri) {
+          return uriAction(action.label, action.uri);
+        }
+        if (action.type === "postback" && action.data) {
+          return postbackAction(action.label, action.data, action.label);
+        }
+        // Default to message action
+        return messageAction(action.label, action.data ?? action.label);
+      });
+
+      return createButtonTemplate(payload.title, payload.text, actions, {
+        thumbnailImageUrl: payload.thumbnailImageUrl,
+        altText: payload.altText,
+      });
+    }
+
+    case "carousel": {
+      const columns: CarouselColumn[] = payload.columns.slice(0, 10).map((col) => {
+        const colActions: Action[] = col.actions.slice(0, 3).map((action) => {
+          if (action.type === "uri" && action.uri) {
+            return uriAction(action.label, action.uri);
+          }
+          if (action.type === "postback" && action.data) {
+            return postbackAction(action.label, action.data, action.label);
+          }
+          return messageAction(action.label, action.data ?? action.label);
+        });
+
+        return createCarouselColumn({
+          title: col.title,
+          text: col.text,
+          thumbnailImageUrl: col.thumbnailImageUrl,
+          actions: colActions,
+        });
+      });
+
+      return createTemplateCarousel(columns, { altText: payload.altText });
+    }
+
+    default:
+      return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// Re-export types
+export type {
+  TemplateMessage,
+  ConfirmTemplate,
+  ButtonsTemplate,
+  CarouselTemplate,
+  CarouselColumn,
+  ImageCarouselTemplate,
+  ImageCarouselColumn,
+  Action,
+};

src/line/types.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+import type {
+  WebhookEvent,
+  TextMessage,
+  ImageMessage,
+  VideoMessage,
+  AudioMessage,
+  StickerMessage,
+  LocationMessage,
+} from "@line/bot-sdk";
+
+export type LineTokenSource = "config" | "env" | "file" | "none";
+
+export interface LineConfig {
+  enabled?: boolean;
+  channelAccessToken?: string;
+  channelSecret?: string;
+  tokenFile?: string;
+  secretFile?: string;
+  name?: string;
+  allowFrom?: Array<string | number>;
+  groupAllowFrom?: Array<string | number>;
+  dmPolicy?: "open" | "allowlist" | "pairing" | "disabled";
+  groupPolicy?: "open" | "allowlist" | "disabled";
+  mediaMaxMb?: number;
+  webhookPath?: string;
+  accounts?: Record<string, LineAccountConfig>;
+  groups?: Record<string, LineGroupConfig>;
+}
+
+export interface LineAccountConfig {
+  enabled?: boolean;
+  channelAccessToken?: string;
+  channelSecret?: string;
+  tokenFile?: string;
+  secretFile?: string;
+  name?: string;
+  allowFrom?: Array<string | number>;
+  groupAllowFrom?: Array<string | number>;
+  dmPolicy?: "open" | "allowlist" | "pairing" | "disabled";
+  groupPolicy?: "open" | "allowlist" | "disabled";
+  mediaMaxMb?: number;
+  webhookPath?: string;
+  groups?: Record<string, LineGroupConfig>;
+}
+
+export interface LineGroupConfig {
+  enabled?: boolean;
+  allowFrom?: Array<string | number>;
+  requireMention?: boolean;
+  systemPrompt?: string;
+  skills?: string[];
+}
+
+export interface ResolvedLineAccount {
+  accountId: string;
+  name?: string;
+  enabled: boolean;
+  channelAccessToken: string;
+  channelSecret: string;
+  tokenSource: LineTokenSource;
+  config: LineConfig & LineAccountConfig;
+}
+
+export type LineMessageType =
+  | TextMessage
+  | ImageMessage
+  | VideoMessage
+  | AudioMessage
+  | StickerMessage
+  | LocationMessage;
+
+export interface LineWebhookContext {
+  event: WebhookEvent;
+  replyToken?: string;
+  userId?: string;
+  groupId?: string;
+  roomId?: string;
+}
+
+export interface LineSendResult {
+  messageId: string;
+  chatId: string;
+}
+
+export interface LineProbeResult {
+  ok: boolean;
+  bot?: {
+    displayName?: string;
+    userId?: string;
+    basicId?: string;
+    pictureUrl?: string;
+  };
+  error?: string;
+}
+
+export type LineFlexMessagePayload = {
+  altText: string;
+  contents: unknown;
+};
+
+export type LineTemplateMessagePayload =
+  | {
+      type: "confirm";
+      text: string;
+      confirmLabel: string;
+      confirmData: string;
+      cancelLabel: string;
+      cancelData: string;
+      altText?: string;
+    }
+  | {
+      type: "buttons";
+      title: string;
+      text: string;
+      actions: Array<{
+        type: "message" | "uri" | "postback";
+        label: string;
+        data?: string;
+        uri?: string;
+      }>;
+      thumbnailImageUrl?: string;
+      altText?: string;
+    }
+  | {
+      type: "carousel";
+      columns: Array<{
+        title?: string;
+        text: string;
+        thumbnailImageUrl?: string;
+        actions: Array<{
+          type: "message" | "uri" | "postback";
+          label: string;
+          data?: string;
+          uri?: string;
+        }>;
+      }>;
+      altText?: string;
+    };
+
+export type LineChannelData = {
+  quickReplies?: string[];
+  location?: {
+    title: string;
+    address: string;
+    latitude: number;
+    longitude: number;
+  };
+  flexMessage?: LineFlexMessagePayload;
+  templateMessage?: LineTemplateMessagePayload;
+};

src/line/webhook.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import crypto from "node:crypto";
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { createLineWebhookMiddleware } from "./webhook.js";
+
+const sign = (body: string, secret: string) =>
+  crypto.createHmac("SHA256", secret).update(body).digest("base64");
+
+const createRes = () => {
+  const res = {
+    status: vi.fn(),
+    json: vi.fn(),
+    headersSent: false,
+  } as any;
+  res.status.mockReturnValue(res);
+  res.json.mockReturnValue(res);
+  return res;
+};
+
+describe("createLineWebhookMiddleware", () => {
+  it("parses JSON from raw string body", async () => {
+    const onEvents = vi.fn(async () => {});
+    const secret = "secret";
+    const rawBody = JSON.stringify({ events: [{ type: "message" }] });
+    const middleware = createLineWebhookMiddleware({ channelSecret: secret, onEvents });
+
+    const req = {
+      headers: { "x-line-signature": sign(rawBody, secret) },
+      body: rawBody,
+    } as any;
+    const res = createRes();
+
+    await middleware(req, res, {} as any);
+
+    expect(res.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(200);
+    expect(onEvents).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({ events: expect.any(Array) }));
+  });
+
+  it("parses JSON from raw buffer body", async () => {
+    const onEvents = vi.fn(async () => {});
+    const secret = "secret";
+    const rawBody = JSON.stringify({ events: [{ type: "follow" }] });
+    const middleware = createLineWebhookMiddleware({ channelSecret: secret, onEvents });
+
+    const req = {
+      headers: { "x-line-signature": sign(rawBody, secret) },
+      body: Buffer.from(rawBody, "utf-8"),
+    } as any;
+    const res = createRes();
+
+    await middleware(req, res, {} as any);
+
+    expect(res.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(200);
+    expect(onEvents).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({ events: expect.any(Array) }));
+  });
+
+  it("rejects invalid JSON payloads", async () => {
+    const onEvents = vi.fn(async () => {});
+    const secret = "secret";
+    const rawBody = "not json";
+    const middleware = createLineWebhookMiddleware({ channelSecret: secret, onEvents });
+
+    const req = {
+      headers: { "x-line-signature": sign(rawBody, secret) },
+      body: rawBody,
+    } as any;
+    const res = createRes();
+
+    await middleware(req, res, {} as any);
+
+    expect(res.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(400);
+    expect(onEvents).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

src/line/webhook.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import type { Request, Response, NextFunction } from "express";
+import crypto from "node:crypto";
+import type { WebhookRequestBody } from "@line/bot-sdk";
+import { logVerbose, danger } from "../globals.js";
+import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime.js";
+
+export interface LineWebhookOptions {
+  channelSecret: string;
+  onEvents: (body: WebhookRequestBody) => Promise<void>;
+  runtime?: RuntimeEnv;
+}
+
+function validateSignature(body: string, signature: string, channelSecret: string): boolean {
+  const hash = crypto.createHmac("SHA256", channelSecret).update(body).digest("base64");
+  return hash === signature;
+}
+
+function readRawBody(req: Request): string | null {
+  const rawBody =
+    (req as { rawBody?: string | Buffer }).rawBody ??
+    (typeof req.body === "string" || Buffer.isBuffer(req.body) ? req.body : null);
+  if (!rawBody) return null;
+  return Buffer.isBuffer(rawBody) ? rawBody.toString("utf-8") : rawBody;
+}
+
+function parseWebhookBody(req: Request, rawBody: string): WebhookRequestBody | null {
+  if (req.body && typeof req.body === "object" && !Buffer.isBuffer(req.body)) {
+    return req.body as WebhookRequestBody;
+  }
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(rawBody) as WebhookRequestBody;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+export function createLineWebhookMiddleware(options: LineWebhookOptions) {
+  const { channelSecret, onEvents, runtime } = options;
+
+  return async (req: Request, res: Response, _next: NextFunction): Promise<void> => {
+    try {
+      const signature = req.headers["x-line-signature"];
+
+      if (!signature || typeof signature !== "string") {
+        res.status(400).json({ error: "Missing X-Line-Signature header" });
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const rawBody = readRawBody(req);
+      if (!rawBody) {
+        res.status(400).json({ error: "Missing raw request body for signature verification" });
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (!validateSignature(rawBody, signature, channelSecret)) {
+        logVerbose("line: webhook signature validation failed");
+        res.status(401).json({ error: "Invalid signature" });
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const body = parseWebhookBody(req, rawBody);
+      if (!body) {
+        res.status(400).json({ error: "Invalid webhook payload" });
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Respond immediately to avoid timeout
+      res.status(200).json({ status: "ok" });
+
+      // Process events asynchronously
+      if (body.events && body.events.length > 0) {
+        logVerbose(`line: received ${body.events.length} webhook events`);
+        await onEvents(body).catch((err) => {
+          runtime?.error?.(danger(`line webhook handler failed: ${String(err)}`));
+        });
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      runtime?.error?.(danger(`line webhook error: ${String(err)}`));
+      if (!res.headersSent) {
+        res.status(500).json({ error: "Internal server error" });
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+export interface StartLineWebhookOptions {
+  channelSecret: string;
+  onEvents: (body: WebhookRequestBody) => Promise<void>;
+  runtime?: RuntimeEnv;
+  path?: string;
+}
+
+export function startLineWebhook(options: StartLineWebhookOptions) {
+  const path = options.path ?? "/line/webhook";
+  const middleware = createLineWebhookMiddleware({
+    channelSecret: options.channelSecret,
+    onEvents: options.onEvents,
+    runtime: options.runtime,
+  });
+
+  return { path, handler: middleware };
+}

src/media-understanding/runner.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ import os from "node:os";
 import path from "node:path";
 
 import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import {
+  findModelInCatalog,
+  loadModelCatalog,
+  modelSupportsVision,
+} from "../agents/model-catalog.js";
 import type { MsgContext } from "../auto-reply/templating.js";
 import { applyTemplate } from "../auto-reply/templating.js";
 import { requireApiKey, resolveApiKeyForProvider } from "../agents/model-auth.js";
@@ -1014,6 +1019,42 @@ export async function runCapability(params: {
     };
   }
 
+  // Skip image understanding when the primary model supports vision natively.
+  // The image will be injected directly into the model context instead.
+  const activeProvider = params.activeModel?.provider?.trim();
+  if (capability === "image" && activeProvider) {
+    const catalog = await loadModelCatalog({ config: cfg });
+    const entry = findModelInCatalog(catalog, activeProvider, params.activeModel?.model ?? "");
+    if (modelSupportsVision(entry)) {
+      if (shouldLogVerbose()) {
+        logVerbose("Skipping image understanding: primary model supports vision natively");
+      }
+      const model = params.activeModel?.model?.trim();
+      const reason = "primary model supports vision natively";
+      return {
+        outputs: [],
+        decision: {
+          capability,
+          outcome: "skipped",
+          attachments: selected.map((item) => {
+            const attempt = {
+              type: "provider" as const,
+              provider: activeProvider,
+              model: model || undefined,
+              outcome: "skipped" as const,
+              reason,
+            };
+            return {
+              attachmentIndex: item.index,
+              attempts: [attempt],
+              chosen: attempt,
+            };
+          }),
+        },
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
   const entries = resolveModelEntries({
     cfg,
     capability,

src/media-understanding/runner.vision-skip.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import type { MsgContext } from "../auto-reply/templating.js";
+import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import {
+  buildProviderRegistry,
+  createMediaAttachmentCache,
+  normalizeMediaAttachments,
+  runCapability,
+} from "./runner.js";
+
+const catalog = [
+  {
+    id: "gpt-4.1",
+    name: "GPT-4.1",
+    provider: "openai",
+    input: ["text", "image"] as const,
+  },
+];
+
+vi.mock("../agents/model-catalog.js", async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import("../agents/model-catalog.js")>(
+    "../agents/model-catalog.js",
+  );
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    loadModelCatalog: vi.fn(async () => catalog),
+  };
+});
+
+describe("runCapability image skip", () => {
+  it("skips image understanding when the active model supports vision", async () => {
+    const ctx: MsgContext = { MediaPath: "/tmp/image.png", MediaType: "image/png" };
+    const media = normalizeMediaAttachments(ctx);
+    const cache = createMediaAttachmentCache(media);
+    const cfg = {} as ClawdbotConfig;
+
+    try {
+      const result = await runCapability({
+        capability: "image",
+        cfg,
+        ctx,
+        attachments: cache,
+        media,
+        providerRegistry: buildProviderRegistry(),
+        activeModel: { provider: "openai", model: "gpt-4.1" },
+      });
+
+      expect(result.outputs).toHaveLength(0);
+      expect(result.decision.outcome).toBe("skipped");
+      expect(result.decision.attachments).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.decision.attachments[0]?.attachmentIndex).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.decision.attachments[0]?.attempts[0]?.outcome).toBe("skipped");
+      expect(result.decision.attachments[0]?.attempts[0]?.reason).toBe(
+        "primary model supports vision natively",
+      );
+    } finally {
+      await cache.cleanup();
+    }
+  });
+});

src/plugin-sdk/index.ts

@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ export type {
   ClawdbotPluginServiceContext,
 } from "../plugins/types.js";
 export type { PluginRuntime } from "../plugins/runtime/types.js";
+export { normalizePluginHttpPath } from "../plugins/http-path.js";
+export { registerPluginHttpRoute } from "../plugins/http-registry.js";
 export { emptyPluginConfigSchema } from "../plugins/config-schema.js";
 export type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../config/config.js";
 export type { ChannelDock } from "../channels/dock.js";
@@ -324,5 +326,35 @@ export { collectWhatsAppStatusIssues } from "../channels/plugins/status-issues/w
 // Channel: BlueBubbles
 export { collectBlueBubblesStatusIssues } from "../channels/plugins/status-issues/bluebubbles.js";
 
+// Channel: LINE
+export {
+  listLineAccountIds,
+  normalizeAccountId as normalizeLineAccountId,
+  resolveDefaultLineAccountId,
+  resolveLineAccount,
+} from "../line/accounts.js";
+export { LineConfigSchema } from "../line/config-schema.js";
+export type {
+  LineConfig,
+  LineAccountConfig,
+  ResolvedLineAccount,
+  LineChannelData,
+} from "../line/types.js";
+export {
+  createInfoCard,
+  createListCard,
+  createImageCard,
+  createActionCard,
+  createReceiptCard,
+  type CardAction,
+  type ListItem,
+} from "../line/flex-templates.js";
+export {
+  processLineMessage,
+  hasMarkdownToConvert,
+  stripMarkdown,
+} from "../line/markdown-to-line.js";
+export type { ProcessedLineMessage } from "../line/markdown-to-line.js";
+
 // Media utilities
 export { loadWebMedia, type WebMediaResult } from "../web/media.js";

src/plugins/commands.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@
  */
 
 import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../config/config.js";
-import type { ClawdbotPluginCommandDefinition, PluginCommandContext } from "./types.js";
+import type {
+  ClawdbotPluginCommandDefinition,
+  PluginCommandContext,
+  PluginCommandResult,
+} from "./types.js";
 import { logVerbose } from "../globals.js";
 
 type RegisteredPluginCommand = ClawdbotPluginCommandDefinition & {
@@ -218,7 +222,7 @@ export async function executePluginCommand(params: {
   isAuthorizedSender: boolean;
   commandBody: string;
   config: ClawdbotConfig;
-}): Promise<{ text: string }> {
+}): Promise<PluginCommandResult> {
   const { command, args, senderId, channel, isAuthorizedSender, commandBody, config } = params;
 
   // Check authorization
@@ -249,7 +253,7 @@ export async function executePluginCommand(params: {
     logVerbose(
       `Plugin command /${command.name} executed successfully for ${senderId || "unknown"}`,
     );
-    return { text: result.text };
+    return result;
   } catch (err) {
     const error = err as Error;
     logVerbose(`Plugin command /${command.name} error: ${error.message}`);

src/plugins/http-path.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+export function normalizePluginHttpPath(
+  path?: string | null,
+  fallback?: string | null,
+): string | null {
+  const trimmed = path?.trim();
+  if (!trimmed) {
+    const fallbackTrimmed = fallback?.trim();
+    if (!fallbackTrimmed) return null;
+    return fallbackTrimmed.startsWith("/") ? fallbackTrimmed : `/${fallbackTrimmed}`;
+  }
+  return trimmed.startsWith("/") ? trimmed : `/${trimmed}`;
+}

src/plugins/http-registry.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import type { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from "node:http";
+
+import type { PluginHttpRouteRegistration, PluginRegistry } from "./registry.js";
+import { requireActivePluginRegistry } from "./runtime.js";
+import { normalizePluginHttpPath } from "./http-path.js";
+
+export type PluginHttpRouteHandler = (
+  req: IncomingMessage,
+  res: ServerResponse,
+) => Promise<void> | void;
+
+export function registerPluginHttpRoute(params: {
+  path?: string | null;
+  fallbackPath?: string | null;
+  handler: PluginHttpRouteHandler;
+  pluginId?: string;
+  source?: string;
+  accountId?: string;
+  log?: (message: string) => void;
+  registry?: PluginRegistry;
+}): () => void {
+  const registry = params.registry ?? requireActivePluginRegistry();
+  const routes = registry.httpRoutes ?? [];
+  registry.httpRoutes = routes;
+
+  const normalizedPath = normalizePluginHttpPath(params.path, params.fallbackPath);
+  const suffix = params.accountId ? ` for account "${params.accountId}"` : "";
+  if (!normalizedPath) {
+    params.log?.(`plugin: webhook path missing${suffix}`);
+    return () => {};
+  }
+
+  if (routes.some((entry) => entry.path === normalizedPath)) {
+    const pluginHint = params.pluginId ? ` (${params.pluginId})` : "";
+    params.log?.(`plugin: webhook path ${normalizedPath} already registered${suffix}${pluginHint}`);
+    return () => {};
+  }
+
+  const entry: PluginHttpRouteRegistration = {
+    path: normalizedPath,
+    handler: params.handler,
+    pluginId: params.pluginId,
+    source: params.source,
+  };
+  routes.push(entry);
+
+  return () => {
+    const index = routes.indexOf(entry);
+    if (index >= 0) {
+      routes.splice(index, 1);
+    }
+  };
+}

src/plugins/loader.test.ts

@@ -350,6 +350,33 @@ describe("loadClawdbotPlugins", () => {
     expect(httpPlugin?.httpHandlers).toBe(1);
   });
 
+  it("registers http routes", () => {
+    process.env.CLAWDBOT_BUNDLED_PLUGINS_DIR = "/nonexistent/bundled/plugins";
+    const plugin = writePlugin({
+      id: "http-route-demo",
+      body: `export default { id: "http-route-demo", register(api) {
+  api.registerHttpRoute({ path: "/demo", handler: async (_req, res) => { res.statusCode = 200; res.end("ok"); } });
+} };`,
+    });
+
+    const registry = loadClawdbotPlugins({
+      cache: false,
+      workspaceDir: plugin.dir,
+      config: {
+        plugins: {
+          load: { paths: [plugin.file] },
+          allow: ["http-route-demo"],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const route = registry.httpRoutes.find((entry) => entry.pluginId === "http-route-demo");
+    expect(route).toBeDefined();
+    expect(route?.path).toBe("/demo");
+    const httpPlugin = registry.plugins.find((entry) => entry.id === "http-route-demo");
+    expect(httpPlugin?.httpHandlers).toBe(1);
+  });
+
   it("respects explicit disable in config", () => {
     process.env.CLAWDBOT_BUNDLED_PLUGINS_DIR = "/nonexistent/bundled/plugins";
     const plugin = writePlugin({

src/plugins/registry.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import type {
   ClawdbotPluginCliRegistrar,
   ClawdbotPluginCommandDefinition,
   ClawdbotPluginHttpHandler,
+  ClawdbotPluginHttpRouteHandler,
   ClawdbotPluginHookOptions,
   ProviderPlugin,
   ClawdbotPluginService,
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ import { registerPluginCommand } from "./commands.js";
 import type { PluginRuntime } from "./runtime/types.js";
 import type { HookEntry } from "../hooks/types.js";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { normalizePluginHttpPath } from "./http-path.js";
 
 export type PluginToolRegistration = {
   pluginId: string;
@@ -53,6 +55,13 @@ export type PluginHttpRegistration = {
   source: string;
 };
 
+export type PluginHttpRouteRegistration = {
+  pluginId?: string;
+  path: string;
+  handler: ClawdbotPluginHttpRouteHandler;
+  source?: string;
+};
+
 export type PluginChannelRegistration = {
   pluginId: string;
   plugin: ChannelPlugin;
@@ -121,6 +130,7 @@ export type PluginRegistry = {
   providers: PluginProviderRegistration[];
   gatewayHandlers: GatewayRequestHandlers;
   httpHandlers: PluginHttpRegistration[];
+  httpRoutes: PluginHttpRouteRegistration[];
   cliRegistrars: PluginCliRegistration[];
   services: PluginServiceRegistration[];
   commands: PluginCommandRegistration[];
@@ -143,6 +153,7 @@ export function createPluginRegistry(registryParams: PluginRegistryParams) {
     providers: [],
     gatewayHandlers: {},
     httpHandlers: [],
+    httpRoutes: [],
     cliRegistrars: [],
     services: [],
     commands: [],
@@ -280,6 +291,38 @@ export function createPluginRegistry(registryParams: PluginRegistryParams) {
     });
   };
 
+  const registerHttpRoute = (
+    record: PluginRecord,
+    params: { path: string; handler: ClawdbotPluginHttpRouteHandler },
+  ) => {
+    const normalizedPath = normalizePluginHttpPath(params.path);
+    if (!normalizedPath) {
+      pushDiagnostic({
+        level: "warn",
+        pluginId: record.id,
+        source: record.source,
+        message: "http route registration missing path",
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+    if (registry.httpRoutes.some((entry) => entry.path === normalizedPath)) {
+      pushDiagnostic({
+        level: "error",
+        pluginId: record.id,
+        source: record.source,
+        message: `http route already registered: ${normalizedPath}`,
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+    record.httpHandlers += 1;
+    registry.httpRoutes.push({
+      pluginId: record.id,
+      path: normalizedPath,
+      handler: params.handler,
+      source: record.source,
+    });
+  };
+
   const registerChannel = (
     record: PluginRecord,
     registration: ClawdbotPluginChannelRegistration | ChannelPlugin,
@@ -439,6 +482,7 @@ export function createPluginRegistry(registryParams: PluginRegistryParams) {
       registerHook: (events, handler, opts) =>
         registerHook(record, events, handler, opts, params.config),
       registerHttpHandler: (handler) => registerHttpHandler(record, handler),
+      registerHttpRoute: (params) => registerHttpRoute(record, params),
       registerChannel: (registration) => registerChannel(record, registration),
       registerProvider: (provider) => registerProvider(record, provider),
       registerGatewayMethod: (method, handler) => registerGatewayMethod(record, method, handler),

src/plugins/runtime.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ const createEmptyRegistry = (): PluginRegistry => ({
   providers: [],
   gatewayHandlers: {},
   httpHandlers: [],
+  httpRoutes: [],
   cliRegistrars: [],
   services: [],
   commands: [],

src/plugins/runtime/index.ts

@@ -125,6 +125,25 @@ import { sendMessageWhatsApp, sendPollWhatsApp } from "../../web/outbound.js";
 import { registerMemoryCli } from "../../cli/memory-cli.js";
 import { formatNativeDependencyHint } from "./native-deps.js";
 import { textToSpeechTelephony } from "../../tts/tts.js";
+import {
+  listLineAccountIds,
+  normalizeAccountId as normalizeLineAccountId,
+  resolveDefaultLineAccountId,
+  resolveLineAccount,
+} from "../../line/accounts.js";
+import { probeLineBot } from "../../line/probe.js";
+import {
+  createQuickReplyItems,
+  pushMessageLine,
+  pushMessagesLine,
+  pushFlexMessage,
+  pushTemplateMessage,
+  pushLocationMessage,
+  pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+  sendMessageLine,
+} from "../../line/send.js";
+import { monitorLineProvider } from "../../line/monitor.js";
+import { buildTemplateMessageFromPayload } from "../../line/template-messages.js";
 
 import type { PluginRuntime } from "./types.js";
 
@@ -299,6 +318,23 @@ export function createPluginRuntime(): PluginRuntime {
         handleWhatsAppAction,
         createLoginTool: createWhatsAppLoginTool,
       },
+      line: {
+        listLineAccountIds,
+        resolveDefaultLineAccountId,
+        resolveLineAccount,
+        normalizeAccountId: normalizeLineAccountId,
+        probeLineBot,
+        sendMessageLine,
+        pushMessageLine,
+        pushMessagesLine,
+        pushFlexMessage,
+        pushTemplateMessage,
+        pushLocationMessage,
+        pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies,
+        createQuickReplyItems,
+        buildTemplateMessageFromPayload,
+        monitorLineProvider,
+      },
     },
     logging: {
       shouldLogVerbose,

src/plugins/runtime/types.ts

@@ -148,6 +148,26 @@ type HandleWhatsAppAction =
 type CreateWhatsAppLoginTool =
   typeof import("../../channels/plugins/agent-tools/whatsapp-login.js").createWhatsAppLoginTool;
 
+// LINE channel types
+type ListLineAccountIds = typeof import("../../line/accounts.js").listLineAccountIds;
+type ResolveDefaultLineAccountId =
+  typeof import("../../line/accounts.js").resolveDefaultLineAccountId;
+type ResolveLineAccount = typeof import("../../line/accounts.js").resolveLineAccount;
+type NormalizeLineAccountId = typeof import("../../line/accounts.js").normalizeAccountId;
+type ProbeLineBot = typeof import("../../line/probe.js").probeLineBot;
+type SendMessageLine = typeof import("../../line/send.js").sendMessageLine;
+type PushMessageLine = typeof import("../../line/send.js").pushMessageLine;
+type PushMessagesLine = typeof import("../../line/send.js").pushMessagesLine;
+type PushFlexMessage = typeof import("../../line/send.js").pushFlexMessage;
+type PushTemplateMessage = typeof import("../../line/send.js").pushTemplateMessage;
+type PushLocationMessage = typeof import("../../line/send.js").pushLocationMessage;
+type PushTextMessageWithQuickReplies =
+  typeof import("../../line/send.js").pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies;
+type CreateQuickReplyItems = typeof import("../../line/send.js").createQuickReplyItems;
+type BuildTemplateMessageFromPayload =
+  typeof import("../../line/template-messages.js").buildTemplateMessageFromPayload;
+type MonitorLineProvider = typeof import("../../line/monitor.js").monitorLineProvider;
+
 export type RuntimeLogger = {
   debug?: (message: string) => void;
   info: (message: string) => void;
@@ -310,6 +330,23 @@ export type PluginRuntime = {
       handleWhatsAppAction: HandleWhatsAppAction;
       createLoginTool: CreateWhatsAppLoginTool;
     };
+    line: {
+      listLineAccountIds: ListLineAccountIds;
+      resolveDefaultLineAccountId: ResolveDefaultLineAccountId;
+      resolveLineAccount: ResolveLineAccount;
+      normalizeAccountId: NormalizeLineAccountId;
+      probeLineBot: ProbeLineBot;
+      sendMessageLine: SendMessageLine;
+      pushMessageLine: PushMessageLine;
+      pushMessagesLine: PushMessagesLine;
+      pushFlexMessage: PushFlexMessage;
+      pushTemplateMessage: PushTemplateMessage;
+      pushLocationMessage: PushLocationMessage;
+      pushTextMessageWithQuickReplies: PushTextMessageWithQuickReplies;
+      createQuickReplyItems: CreateQuickReplyItems;
+      buildTemplateMessageFromPayload: BuildTemplateMessageFromPayload;
+      monitorLineProvider: MonitorLineProvider;
+    };
   };
   logging: {
     shouldLogVerbose: ShouldLogVerbose;

src/plugins/types.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import type { InternalHookHandler } from "../hooks/internal-hooks.js";
 import type { HookEntry } from "../hooks/types.js";
 import type { ModelProviderConfig } from "../config/types.js";
 import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime.js";
+import type { ReplyPayload } from "../auto-reply/types.js";
 import type { WizardPrompter } from "../wizard/prompts.js";
 import type { createVpsAwareOAuthHandlers } from "../commands/oauth-flow.js";
 import type { GatewayRequestHandler } from "../gateway/server-methods/types.js";
@@ -154,10 +155,7 @@ export type PluginCommandContext = {
 /**
  * Result returned by a plugin command handler.
  */
-export type PluginCommandResult = {
-  /** Text response to send back to the user */
-  text: string;
-};
+export type PluginCommandResult = ReplyPayload;
 
 /**
  * Handler function for plugin commands.
@@ -187,6 +185,11 @@ export type ClawdbotPluginHttpHandler = (
   res: ServerResponse,
 ) => Promise<boolean> | boolean;
 
+export type ClawdbotPluginHttpRouteHandler = (
+  req: IncomingMessage,
+  res: ServerResponse,
+) => Promise<void> | void;
+
 export type ClawdbotPluginCliContext = {
   program: Command;
   config: ClawdbotConfig;
@@ -249,6 +252,7 @@ export type ClawdbotPluginApi = {
     opts?: ClawdbotPluginHookOptions,
   ) => void;
   registerHttpHandler: (handler: ClawdbotPluginHttpHandler) => void;
+  registerHttpRoute: (params: { path: string; handler: ClawdbotPluginHttpRouteHandler }) => void;
   registerChannel: (registration: ClawdbotPluginChannelRegistration | ChannelPlugin) => void;
   registerGatewayMethod: (method: string, handler: GatewayRequestHandler) => void;
   registerCli: (registrar: ClawdbotPluginCliRegistrar, opts?: { commands?: string[] }) => void;

src/test-utils/channel-plugins.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ export const createTestRegistry = (channels: PluginRegistry["channels"] = []): P
   providers: [],
   gatewayHandlers: {},
   httpHandlers: [],
+  httpRoutes: [],
   cliRegistrars: [],
   services: [],
   commands: [],

src/utils/message-channel.test.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ const createRegistry = (channels: PluginRegistry["channels"]): PluginRegistry =>
   providers: [],
   gatewayHandlers: {},
   httpHandlers: [],
+  httpRoutes: [],
   cliRegistrars: [],
   services: [],
   diagnostics: [],