diff --git a/qlib/__init__.py b/qlib/__init__.py
index 6f76bbcaa..476a851d9 100644
--- a/qlib/__init__.py
+++ b/qlib/__init__.py
@@ -33,48 +33,63 @@ def init(default_conf="client", **kwargs):
     H.clear()
     C.set(default_conf, **kwargs)
 
-    # check path if server/local
-    if C.get_uri_type() == C.LOCAL_URI:
-        if not os.path.exists(C["provider_uri"]):
-            if C["auto_mount"]:
-                logger.error(
-                    f"Invalid provider uri: {C['provider_uri']}, please check if a valid provider uri has been set. This path does not exist."
-                )
+    provider_uri_map = C.provider_uri if isinstance(C.provider_uri, dict) else {None: C.provider_uri}
+    if C.mount_path is not None:
+        # mount nfs
+        for _freq, provider_uri in provider_uri_map.items():
+            mount_path = C.mount_path if _freq is None else C["mount_path"][_freq]
+            # check path if server/local
+            uri_type = C.get_uri_type(provider_uri)
+            if uri_type == C.LOCAL_URI:
+                if not Path(provider_uri).exists():
+                    if C["auto_mount"]:
+                        logger.error(
+                            f"Invalid provider uri: {provider_uri}, please check if a valid provider uri has been set. This path does not exist."
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        logger.warning(f"auto_path is False, please make sure {mount_path} is mounted")
+            elif uri_type == C.NFS_URI:
+                mount_path = _mount_nfs_uri(provider_uri, mount_path, C["auto_mount"])
+                if _freq is None:
+                    C["mount_path"] = mount_path
+                else:
+                    C["mount_path"][_freq] = mount_path
             else:
-                logger.warning(f"auto_path is False, please make sure {C['mount_path']} is mounted")
-    elif C.get_uri_type() == C.NFS_URI:
-        _mount_nfs_uri(C)
-    else:
-        raise NotImplementedError(f"This type of URI is not supported")
+                raise NotImplementedError(f"This type of URI is not supported")
 
     C.register()
 
     if "flask_server" in C:
         logger.info(f"flask_server={C['flask_server']}, flask_port={C['flask_port']}")
     logger.info("qlib successfully initialized based on %s settings." % default_conf)
-    logger.info(f"data_path={C.get_data_path()}")
+    data_path = (
+        C.get_data_path()
+        if isinstance(C["provider_uri"], str)
+        else {_freq: C.get_data_path(_freq) for _freq in C["provider_uri"].keys()}
+    )
+    logger.info(f"data_path={data_path}")
 
 
-def _mount_nfs_uri(C):
+def _mount_nfs_uri(provider_uri, mount_path, auto_mount: bool = False):
 
     LOG = get_module_logger("mount nfs", level=logging.INFO)
 
     # FIXME: the C["provider_uri"] is modified in this function
     # If it is not modified, we can pass only  provider_uri or mount_path instead of C
-    mount_command = "sudo mount.nfs %s %s" % (C["provider_uri"], C["mount_path"])
+    mount_command = "sudo mount.nfs %s %s" % (provider_uri, mount_path)
     # If the provider uri looks like this 172.23.233.89//data/csdesign'
     # It will be a nfs path. The client provider will be used
-    if not C["auto_mount"]:
-        if not os.path.exists(C["mount_path"]):
+    if not auto_mount:
+        if not Path(mount_path).exists():
             raise FileNotFoundError(
-                f"Invalid mount path: {C['mount_path']}! Please mount manually: {mount_command} or Set init parameter `auto_mount=True`"
+                f"Invalid mount path: {mount_path}! Please mount manually: {mount_command} or Set init parameter `auto_mount=True`"
             )
     else:
         # Judging system type
         sys_type = platform.system()
         if "win" in sys_type.lower():
             # system: window
-            exec_result = os.popen("mount -o anon %s %s" % (C["provider_uri"], C["mount_path"] + ":"))
+            exec_result = os.popen("mount -o anon %s %s" % (provider_uri, mount_path + ":"))
             result = exec_result.read()
             if "85" in result:
                 LOG.warning("already mounted or window mount path already exists")
@@ -82,20 +97,18 @@ def _mount_nfs_uri(C):
                 raise OSError("not find network path")
             elif "error" in result or "错误" in result:
                 raise OSError("Invalid mount path")
-            elif C["provider_uri"] in result:
+            elif provider_uri in result:
                 LOG.info("window success mount..")
             else:
                 raise OSError(f"unknown error: {result}")
 
             # config mount path
-            C["mount_path"] = C["mount_path"] + ":\\"
+            mount_path += ":\\"
         else:
             # system: linux/Unix/Mac
             # check mount
-            _remote_uri = C["provider_uri"]
-            _remote_uri = _remote_uri[:-1] if _remote_uri.endswith("/") else _remote_uri
-            _mount_path = C["mount_path"]
-            _mount_path = _mount_path[:-1] if _mount_path.endswith("/") else _mount_path
+            _remote_uri = provider_uri[:-1] if provider_uri.endswith("/") else provider_uri
+            _mount_path = mount_path[:-1] if mount_path.endswith("/") else mount_path
             _check_level_num = 2
             _is_mount = False
             while _check_level_num:
@@ -121,11 +134,9 @@ def _mount_nfs_uri(C):
 
             if not _is_mount:
                 try:
-                    os.makedirs(C["mount_path"], exist_ok=True)
+                    Path(mount_path).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                 except Exception:
-                    raise OSError(
-                        f"Failed to create directory {C['mount_path']}, please create {C['mount_path']} manually!"
-                    )
+                    raise OSError(f"Failed to create directory {mount_path}, please create {mount_path} manually!")
 
                 # check nfs-common
                 command_res = os.popen("dpkg -l | grep nfs-common")
@@ -136,15 +147,16 @@ def _mount_nfs_uri(C):
                 command_status = os.system(mount_command)
                 if command_status == 256:
                     raise OSError(
-                        f"mount {C['provider_uri']} on {C['mount_path']} error! Needs SUDO! Please mount manually: {mount_command}"
+                        f"mount {provider_uri} on {mount_path} error! Needs SUDO! Please mount manually: {mount_command}"
                     )
                 elif command_status == 32512:
                     # LOG.error("Command error")
-                    raise OSError(f"mount {C['provider_uri']} on {C['mount_path']} error! Command error")
+                    raise OSError(f"mount {provider_uri} on {mount_path} error! Command error")
                 elif command_status == 0:
                     LOG.info("Mount finished")
             else:
                 LOG.warning(f"{_remote_uri} on {_mount_path} is already mounted")
+        return mount_path
 
 
 def init_from_yaml_conf(conf_path, **kwargs):
diff --git a/qlib/config.py b/qlib/config.py
index be29180f8..4e2b27f8c 100644
--- a/qlib/config.py
+++ b/qlib/config.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import copy
 import logging
 import multiprocessing
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Union
 
 
 class Config:
@@ -82,25 +83,16 @@ _default_config = {
     "dataset_provider": "LocalDatasetProvider",
     "provider": "LocalProvider",
     # config it in qlib.init()
+    # "provider_uri" str or dict:
+    #   # str
+    #   "~/.qlib/stock_data/cn_data"
+    #   # dict
+    #   {"day": "~/.qlib/stock_data/cn_data", "1min": "~/.qlib/stock_data/cn_data_1min"}
+    # NOTE: provider_uri priority：
+    #   1. backend_config: backend_obj["kwargs"]["provider_uri"]
+    #   2. backend_config: backend_obj["kwargs"]["provider_uri_map"]
+    #   3. qlib.init: provider_uri
     "provider_uri": "",
-    # backend_freq_config is dict: {"day": "1d dataset uri", "1min": "1min dataset uri"}
-    # If `backend_freq_config` is not None && is not empty && "freq" in `backend_freq_config.keys()`
-    #   use `backend_freq_config` as backend-uri
-    # else:
-    #   use `provider_uri` as backend-uri
-    # Examples:
-    #   qlib.init(provider_uri="qlib_data/1d", backend_freq_config={"1min": "qlib_data/1min"})
-    #   # using provider_uri
-    #   D.features(D.instruments("all"), ["$close"], freq="day")
-    #   # using backend_freq_config["1min"]
-    #   D.features(D.instruments("all"), ["$close"], freq="1min")
-    #   ########################
-    #   qlib.init(provider_uri="qlib_data/1d", backend_freq_config={"1min": "qlib_data/1min", "day": "qlib_data/day"})
-    #   # using backend_freq_config["day"]
-    #   D.features(D.instruments("all"), ["$close"], freq="day")
-    #   # raise ValueError
-    #   D.features(D.instruments("all"), ["$close"], freq="week")
-    "backend_freq_config": None,
     # cache
     "expression_cache": None,
     "dataset_cache": None,
@@ -262,28 +254,55 @@ class QlibConfig(Config):
 
     def resolve_path(self):
         # resolve path
-        if self["mount_path"] is not None:
-            self["mount_path"] = str(Path(self["mount_path"]).expanduser().resolve())
+        _mount_path = self["mount_path"]
+        _provider_uri = self["provider_uri"]
+        if isinstance(_provider_uri, dict):
+            if _mount_path is not None:
+                # check provider_uri and mount_path
+                assert isinstance(_mount_path, dict), f"type(provider_uri) != type(mount_path); {_mount_path}"
+                _miss_freq = set(_provider_uri.keys()) - set(_mount_path.keys())
+                assert len(_miss_freq) == 0, f"mount_path is missing freq: {_miss_freq}"
+                self["mount_path"] = {_freq: str(Path(_path).expanduser().resolve()) for _freq, _path in _mount_path}
+            for _freq, _uri in _provider_uri.items():
+                if self.get_uri_type(_uri) == QlibConfig.LOCAL_URI:
+                    self["provider_uri"][_freq] = str(Path(_uri).expanduser().resolve())
+        elif isinstance(_provider_uri, str):
+            if _mount_path is not None:
+                self["mount_path"] = str(Path(_mount_path).expanduser().resolve())
 
-        if self.get_uri_type() == QlibConfig.LOCAL_URI:
-            self["provider_uri"] = str(Path(self["provider_uri"]).expanduser().resolve())
+            if self.get_uri_type(_provider_uri) == QlibConfig.LOCAL_URI:
+                self["provider_uri"] = str(Path(_provider_uri).expanduser().resolve())
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"The types supported by provider_uri are [str, dict], " f"not {type(_provider_uri)}: {_provider_uri}"
+            )
 
-    def get_uri_type(self):
-        is_win = re.match("^[a-zA-Z]:.*", self["provider_uri"]) is not None  # such as 'C:\\data', 'D:'
-        is_nfs_or_win = (
-            re.match("^[^/]+:.+", self["provider_uri"]) is not None
-        )  # such as 'host:/data/'   (User may define short hostname by themselves or use localhost)
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_uri_type(uri: Union[str, Path]):
+        uri = uri if isinstance(uri, str) else str(uri.expanduser().resolve())
+        is_win = re.match("^[a-zA-Z]:.*", uri) is not None  # such as 'C:\\data', 'D:'
+        # such as 'host:/data/'   (User may define short hostname by themselves or use localhost)
+        is_nfs_or_win = re.match("^[^/]+:.+", uri) is not None
 
         if is_nfs_or_win and not is_win:
             return QlibConfig.NFS_URI
         else:
             return QlibConfig.LOCAL_URI
 
-    def get_data_path(self):
-        if self.get_uri_type() == QlibConfig.LOCAL_URI:
-            return self["provider_uri"]
-        elif self.get_uri_type() == QlibConfig.NFS_URI:
-            return self["mount_path"]
+    def get_data_path(self, freq: str = None) -> Path:
+        if freq is None and not isinstance(self["provider_uri"], str):
+            raise ValueError(f"type(provider_uri) == dict, freq cannot be None; provider_uri: {self['provider_uri']}")
+        _provider_uri = self["provider_uri"] if isinstance(self["provider_uri"], str) else self["provider_uri"][freq]
+        _mount_path = (
+            self["mount_path"]
+            if self["mount_path"] is None or isinstance(self["mount_path"], str)
+            else self["mount_path"][freq]
+        )
+
+        if self.get_uri_type(_provider_uri) == QlibConfig.LOCAL_URI:
+            return Path(_provider_uri)
+        elif self.get_uri_type(_provider_uri) == QlibConfig.NFS_URI:
+            return Path(_mount_path)
         else:
             raise NotImplementedError(f"This type of uri is not supported")
 
@@ -318,7 +337,8 @@ class QlibConfig(Config):
             # check redis
             if not can_use_cache():
                 logger.warning(
-                    f"redis connection failed(host={self['redis_host']} port={self['redis_port']}), cache will not be used!"
+                    f"redis connection failed(host={self['redis_host']} port={self['redis_port']}), "
+                    f"cache will not be used!"
                 )
                 self["expression_cache"] = None
                 self["dataset_cache"] = None
diff --git a/qlib/contrib/backtest/profit_attribution.py b/qlib/contrib/backtest/profit_attribution.py
index 20c6f638f..2fdebc591 100644
--- a/qlib/contrib/backtest/profit_attribution.py
+++ b/qlib/contrib/backtest/profit_attribution.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ def get_benchmark_weight(
     start_date=None,
     end_date=None,
     path=None,
+    freq="day",
 ):
     """get_benchmark_weight
 
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ def get_benchmark_weight(
     :param start_date:
     :param end_date:
     :param path:
+    :param freq:
 
     :return: The weight distribution of the the benchmark described by a pandas dataframe
              Every row corresponds to a trading day.
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ def get_benchmark_weight(
 
     """
     if not path:
-        path = Path(C.get_data_path()).expanduser() / "raw" / "AIndexMembers" / "weights.csv"
+        path = Path(C.get_data_path(freq)).expanduser() / "raw" / "AIndexMembers" / "weights.csv"
     # TODO: the storage of weights should be implemented in a more elegent way
     # TODO: The benchmark is not consistant with the filename in instruments.
     bench_weight_df = pd.read_csv(path, usecols=["code", "date", "index", "weight"])
@@ -222,6 +224,7 @@ def brinson_pa(
     group_method="category",
     group_n=None,
     deal_price="vwap",
+    freq="day",
 ):
     """brinson profit attribution
 
@@ -243,7 +246,7 @@ def brinson_pa(
 
     start_date, end_date = min(dates), max(dates)
 
-    bench_stock_weight = get_benchmark_weight(bench, start_date, end_date)
+    bench_stock_weight = get_benchmark_weight(bench, start_date, end_date, freq)
 
     # The attributes for allocation will not
     if not group_field.startswith("$"):
@@ -259,13 +262,14 @@ def brinson_pa(
         start_time=shift_start_date,
         end_time=end_date,
         as_list=True,
+        freq=freq,
     )
     stock_df = D.features(
         instruments,
         [group_field, deal_price],
         start_time=shift_start_date,
         end_time=end_date,
-        freq="day",
+        freq=freq,
     )
     stock_df.columns = [group_field, "deal_price"]
 
diff --git a/qlib/data/cache.py b/qlib/data/cache.py
index 3e0680e74..4475a16f3 100644
--- a/qlib/data/cache.py
+++ b/qlib/data/cache.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import abc
 from pathlib import Path
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
+from typing import Union, Iterable
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
 from ..config import C
@@ -216,12 +217,14 @@ class CacheUtils:
         redis_lock.reset_all(r)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def visit(cache_path):
+    def visit(cache_path: Union[str, Path]):
         # FIXME: Because read_lock was canceled when reading the cache, multiple processes may have read and write exceptions here
         try:
-            with open(cache_path + ".meta", "rb") as f:
+            cache_path = Path(cache_path)
+            meta_path = cache_path.with_suffix(".meta")
+            with meta_path.open("rb") as f:
                 d = pickle.load(f)
-            with open(cache_path + ".meta", "wb") as f:
+            with meta_path.open("wb") as f:
                 try:
                     d["meta"]["last_visit"] = str(time.time())
                     d["meta"]["visits"] = d["meta"]["visits"] + 1
@@ -249,17 +252,17 @@ class CacheUtils:
 
     @staticmethod
     @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def reader_lock(redis_t, lock_name):
-        lock_name = f"{C.provider_uri}:{lock_name}"
-        current_cache_rlock = redis_lock.Lock(redis_t, "%s-rlock" % lock_name)
-        current_cache_wlock = redis_lock.Lock(redis_t, "%s-wlock" % lock_name)
+    def reader_lock(redis_t, lock_name: str):
+        current_cache_rlock = redis_lock.Lock(redis_t, f"{lock_name}-rlock")
+        current_cache_wlock = redis_lock.Lock(redis_t, f"{lock_name}-wlock")
+        lock_reader = f"{lock_name}-reader"
         # make sure only one reader is entering
         current_cache_rlock.acquire(timeout=60)
         try:
-            current_cache_readers = redis_t.get("%s-reader" % lock_name)
+            current_cache_readers = redis_t.get(lock_reader)
             if current_cache_readers is None or int(current_cache_readers) == 0:
                 CacheUtils.acquire(current_cache_wlock, lock_name)
-            redis_t.incr("%s-reader" % lock_name)
+            redis_t.incr(lock_reader)
         finally:
             current_cache_rlock.release()
         try:
@@ -268,9 +271,9 @@ class CacheUtils:
             # make sure only one reader is leaving
             current_cache_rlock.acquire(timeout=60)
             try:
-                redis_t.decr("%s-reader" % lock_name)
-                if int(redis_t.get("%s-reader" % lock_name)) == 0:
-                    redis_t.delete("%s-reader" % lock_name)
+                redis_t.decr(lock_reader)
+                if int(redis_t.get(lock_reader)) == 0:
+                    redis_t.delete(lock_reader)
                     current_cache_wlock.reset()
             finally:
                 current_cache_rlock.release()
@@ -278,8 +281,7 @@ class CacheUtils:
     @staticmethod
     @contextlib.contextmanager
     def writer_lock(redis_t, lock_name):
-        lock_name = f"{C.provider_uri}:{lock_name}"
-        current_cache_wlock = redis_lock.Lock(redis_t, "%s-wlock" % lock_name, id=CacheUtils.LOCK_ID)
+        current_cache_wlock = redis_lock.Lock(redis_t, f"{lock_name}-wlock", id=CacheUtils.LOCK_ID)
         CacheUtils.acquire(current_cache_wlock, lock_name)
         try:
             yield
@@ -297,6 +299,30 @@ class BaseProviderCache:
     def __getattr__(self, attr):
         return getattr(self.provider, attr)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def check_cache_exists(cache_path: Union[str, Path], suffix_list: Iterable = (".index", ".meta")) -> bool:
+        cache_path = Path(cache_path)
+        for p in [cache_path] + [cache_path.with_suffix(_s) for _s in suffix_list]:
+            if not p.exists():
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def clear_cache(cache_path: Union[str, Path]):
+        for p in [
+            cache_path,
+            cache_path.with_suffix(".meta"),
+            cache_path.with_suffix(".index"),
+        ]:
+            if p.exists():
+                p.unlink()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_cache_dir(dir_name: str, freq: str = None) -> Path:
+        cache_dir = Path(C.get_data_path(freq)).joinpath(dir_name)
+        cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        return cache_dir
+
 
 class ExpressionCache(BaseProviderCache):
     """Expression cache mechanism base class.
@@ -330,14 +356,14 @@ class ExpressionCache(BaseProviderCache):
         """
         raise NotImplementedError("Implement this method if you want to use expression cache")
 
-    def update(self, cache_uri):
+    def update(self, cache_uri: Union[str, Path]):
         """Update expression cache to latest calendar.
 
         Overide this method to define how to update expression cache corresponding to users' own cache mechanism.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        cache_uri : str
+        cache_uri : str or Path
             the complete uri of expression cache file (include dir path).
 
         Returns
@@ -403,14 +429,14 @@ class DatasetCache(BaseProviderCache):
             "Implement this method if you want to use dataset feature cache as a cache file for client"
         )
 
-    def update(self, cache_uri):
+    def update(self, cache_uri: Union[str, Path]):
         """Update dataset cache to latest calendar.
 
         Overide this method to define how to update dataset cache corresponding to users' own cache mechanism.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        cache_uri : str
+        cache_uri : str or Path
             the complete uri of dataset cache file (include dir path).
 
         Returns
@@ -452,25 +478,19 @@ class DiskExpressionCache(ExpressionCache):
         self.r = get_redis_connection()
         # remote==True means client is using this module, writing behaviour will not be allowed.
         self.remote = kwargs.get("remote", False)
-        self.expr_cache_path = os.path.join(C.get_data_path(), C.features_cache_dir_name)
-        os.makedirs(self.expr_cache_path, exist_ok=True)
+
+    def get_cache_dir(self, freq: str = None) -> Path:
+        return super(DiskExpressionCache, self).get_cache_dir(C.features_cache_dir_name, freq)
 
     def _uri(self, instrument, field, start_time, end_time, freq):
         field = remove_fields_space(field)
         instrument = str(instrument).lower()
         return hash_args(instrument, field, freq)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def check_cache_exists(cache_path):
-        for p in [cache_path, cache_path + ".meta"]:
-            if not Path(p).exists():
-                return False
-        return True
-
     def _expression(self, instrument, field, start_time=None, end_time=None, freq="day"):
         _cache_uri = self._uri(instrument=instrument, field=field, start_time=None, end_time=None, freq=freq)
-        _instrument_dir = os.path.join(self.expr_cache_path, instrument.lower())
-        cache_path = os.path.join(_instrument_dir, _cache_uri)
+        _instrument_dir = self.get_cache_dir(freq).joinpath(instrument.lower())
+        cache_path = _instrument_dir.joinpath(_cache_uri)
         # get calendar
         from .data import Cal
 
@@ -478,7 +498,7 @@ class DiskExpressionCache(ExpressionCache):
 
         _, _, start_index, end_index = Cal.locate_index(start_time, end_time, freq, future=False)
 
-        if self.check_cache_exists(cache_path):
+        if self.check_cache_exists(cache_path, suffix_list=[".meta"]):
             """
             In most cases, we do not need reader_lock.
             Because updating data is a small probability event compare to reading data.
@@ -502,8 +522,7 @@ class DiskExpressionCache(ExpressionCache):
             # normalize field
             field = remove_fields_space(field)
             # cache unavailable, generate the cache
-            if not os.path.exists(_instrument_dir):
-                os.makedirs(_instrument_dir, exist_ok=True)
+            _instrument_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
             if not isinstance(eval(parse_field(field)), Feature):
                 # When the expression is not a raw feature
                 # generate expression cache if the feature is not a Feature
@@ -511,7 +530,7 @@ class DiskExpressionCache(ExpressionCache):
                 series = self.provider.expression(instrument, field, _calendar[0], _calendar[-1], freq)
                 if not series.empty:
                     # This expresion is empty, we don't generate any cache for it.
-                    with CacheUtils.writer_lock(self.r, "expression-%s" % _cache_uri):
+                    with CacheUtils.writer_lock(self.r, f"{str(C.get_data_path(freq))}:expression-{_cache_uri}"):
                         self.gen_expression_cache(
                             expression_data=series,
                             cache_path=cache_path,
@@ -527,14 +546,6 @@ class DiskExpressionCache(ExpressionCache):
                 # If the expression is a raw feature(such as $close, $open)
                 return self.provider.expression(instrument, field, start_time, end_time, freq)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def clear_cache(cache_path):
-        meta_path = cache_path + ".meta"
-        for p in [cache_path, meta_path]:
-            p = Path(p)
-            if p.exists():
-                p.unlink()
-
     def gen_expression_cache(self, expression_data, cache_path, instrument, field, freq, last_update):
         """use bin file to save like feature-data."""
         # Make sure the cache runs right when the directory is deleted
@@ -544,27 +555,30 @@ class DiskExpressionCache(ExpressionCache):
             "meta": {"last_visit": time.time(), "visits": 1},
         }
         self.logger.debug(f"generating expression cache: {meta}")
-        os.makedirs(self.expr_cache_path, exist_ok=True)
         self.clear_cache(cache_path)
-        meta_path = cache_path + ".meta"
+        meta_path = cache_path.with_suffix(".meta")
 
-        with open(meta_path, "wb") as f:
+        with meta_path.open("wb") as f:
             pickle.dump(meta, f)
-        os.chmod(meta_path, stat.S_IRWXU | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IROTH)
+        meta_path.chmod(stat.S_IRWXU | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IROTH)
         df = expression_data.to_frame()
 
         r = np.hstack([df.index[0], expression_data]).astype("<f")
         r.tofile(str(cache_path))
 
     def update(self, sid, cache_uri):
-        cp_cache_uri = os.path.join(self.expr_cache_path, sid, cache_uri)
-        if not self.check_cache_exists(cp_cache_uri):
+
+        # FIXME: when updating the cache, the type of C.provider_uri must be str
+        assert isinstance(C.provider_uri, str), "when updating the cache, the type of C.provider_uri must be str"
+        cp_cache_uri = self.get_cache_dir().joinpath(sid).joinpath(cache_uri)
+        meta_path = cp_cache_uri.with_suffix(".meta")
+        if not self.check_cache_exists(cp_cache_uri, suffix_list=[".meta"]):
             self.logger.info(f"The cache {cp_cache_uri} has corrupted. It will be removed")
             self.clear_cache(cp_cache_uri)
             return 2
 
-        with CacheUtils.writer_lock(self.r, "expression-%s" % cache_uri):
-            with open(cp_cache_uri + ".meta", "rb") as f:
+        with CacheUtils.writer_lock(self.r, f"{str(C.get_data_path())}:expression-{cache_uri}"):
+            with meta_path.open("rb") as f:
                 d = pickle.load(f)
             instrument = d["info"]["instrument"]
             field = d["info"]["field"]
@@ -611,7 +625,7 @@ class DiskExpressionCache(ExpressionCache):
                     f.write(data)
                 # update meta file
                 d["info"]["last_update"] = str(new_calendar[-1])
-                with open(cp_cache_uri + ".meta", "wb") as f:
+                with meta_path.open("wb") as f:
                     pickle.dump(d, f)
         return 0
 
@@ -623,22 +637,16 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
         super(DiskDatasetCache, self).__init__(provider)
         self.r = get_redis_connection()
         self.remote = kwargs.get("remote", False)
-        self.dtst_cache_path = os.path.join(C.get_data_path(), C.dataset_cache_dir_name)
-        os.makedirs(self.dtst_cache_path, exist_ok=True)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _uri(instruments, fields, start_time, end_time, freq, disk_cache=1, **kwargs):
         return hash_args(*DatasetCache.normalize_uri_args(instruments, fields, freq), disk_cache)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def check_cache_exists(cache_path):
-        for p in [cache_path, cache_path + ".index", cache_path + ".meta"]:
-            if not Path(p).exists():
-                return False
-        return True
+    def get_cache_dir(self, freq: str = None) -> Path:
+        return super(DiskDatasetCache, self).get_cache_dir(C.dataset_cache_dir_name, freq)
 
     @classmethod
-    def read_data_from_cache(cls, cache_path, start_time, end_time, fields):
+    def read_data_from_cache(cls, cache_path: Union[str, Path], start_time, end_time, fields):
         """read_cache_from
 
         This function can read data from the disk cache dataset
@@ -681,7 +689,7 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
             instruments=instruments, fields=fields, start_time=None, end_time=None, freq=freq, disk_cache=disk_cache
         )
 
-        cache_path = os.path.join(self.dtst_cache_path, _cache_uri)
+        cache_path = self.get_cache_dir(freq).joinpath(_cache_uri)
 
         features = pd.DataFrame()
         gen_flag = False
@@ -689,7 +697,7 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
         if self.check_cache_exists(cache_path):
             if disk_cache == 1:
                 # use cache
-                with CacheUtils.reader_lock(self.r, "dataset-%s" % _cache_uri):
+                with CacheUtils.reader_lock(self.r, f"{str(C.get_data_path(freq))}:dataset-{_cache_uri}"):
                     CacheUtils.visit(cache_path)
                     features = self.read_data_from_cache(cache_path, start_time, end_time, fields)
             elif disk_cache == 2:
@@ -699,7 +707,7 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
 
         if gen_flag:
             # cache unavailable, generate the cache
-            with CacheUtils.writer_lock(self.r, "dataset-%s" % _cache_uri):
+            with CacheUtils.writer_lock(self.r, f"{str(C.get_data_path(freq))}:dataset-{_cache_uri}"):
                 features = self.gen_dataset_cache(
                     cache_path=cache_path, instruments=instruments, fields=fields, freq=freq
                 )
@@ -719,16 +727,16 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
         _cache_uri = self._uri(
             instruments=instruments, fields=fields, start_time=None, end_time=None, freq=freq, disk_cache=disk_cache
         )
-        cache_path = os.path.join(self.dtst_cache_path, _cache_uri)
+        cache_path = self.get_cache_dir(freq).joinpath(_cache_uri)
 
         if self.check_cache_exists(cache_path):
             self.logger.debug(f"The cache dataset has already existed {cache_path}. Return the uri directly")
-            with CacheUtils.reader_lock(self.r, "dataset-%s" % _cache_uri):
+            with CacheUtils.reader_lock(self.r, f"{str(C.get_data_path(freq))}:dataset-{_cache_uri}"):
                 CacheUtils.visit(cache_path)
             return _cache_uri
         else:
             # cache unavailable, generate the cache
-            with CacheUtils.writer_lock(self.r, "dataset-%s" % _cache_uri):
+            with CacheUtils.writer_lock(self.r, f"{str(C.get_data_path(freq))}:dataset-{_cache_uri}"):
                 self.gen_dataset_cache(cache_path=cache_path, instruments=instruments, fields=fields, freq=freq)
             return _cache_uri
 
@@ -740,8 +748,9 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
 
         KEY = "df"
 
-        def __init__(self, cache_path):
-            self.index_path = cache_path + ".index"
+        def __init__(self, cache_path: Union[str, Path]):
+
+            self.index_path = cache_path.with_suffix(".index")
             self._data = None
             self.logger = get_module_logger(self.__class__.__name__)
 
@@ -757,7 +766,7 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
             self._data.sort_index(inplace=True)
             self._data.to_hdf(self.index_path, key=self.KEY, mode="w", format="table")
             # The index should be readable for all users
-            os.chmod(self.index_path, stat.S_IRWXU | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IROTH)
+            self.index_path.chmod(stat.S_IRWXU | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IROTH)
 
         def sync_from_disk(self):
             # The file will not be closed directly if we read_hdf from the disk directly
@@ -795,15 +804,7 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
             index_data += start_index
             return index_data
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def clear_cache(cache_path):
-        meta_path = cache_path + ".meta"
-        for p in [cache_path, meta_path, cache_path + ".index", cache_path + ".data"]:
-            p = Path(p)
-            if p.exists():
-                p.unlink()
-
-    def gen_dataset_cache(self, cache_path, instruments, fields, freq):
+    def gen_dataset_cache(self, cache_path: Union[str, Path], instruments, fields, freq):
         """gen_dataset_cache
 
         .. note:: This function does not consider the cache read write lock. Please
@@ -844,11 +845,11 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
         # get calendar
         from .data import Cal
 
+        cache_path = Path(cache_path)
         _calendar = Cal.calendar(freq=freq)
         self.logger.debug(f"Generating dataset cache {cache_path}")
         # Make sure the cache runs right when the directory is deleted
         # while running
-        os.makedirs(self.dtst_cache_path, exist_ok=True)
         self.clear_cache(cache_path)
 
         features = self.provider.dataset(instruments, fields, _calendar[0], _calendar[-1], freq)
@@ -860,7 +861,7 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
         features = features.swaplevel("instrument", "datetime").sort_index()
 
         # write cache data
-        with pd.HDFStore(cache_path + ".data") as store:
+        with pd.HDFStore(str(cache_path.with_suffix(".data"))) as store:
             cache_to_orig_map = dict(zip(remove_fields_space(features.columns), features.columns))
             orig_to_cache_map = dict(zip(features.columns, remove_fields_space(features.columns)))
             cache_features = features[list(cache_to_orig_map.values())].rename(columns=orig_to_cache_map)
@@ -879,9 +880,9 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
             },
             "meta": {"last_visit": time.time(), "visits": 1},
         }
-        with open(cache_path + ".meta", "wb") as f:
+        with cache_path.with_suffix(".meta").open("wb") as f:
             pickle.dump(meta, f)
-        os.chmod(cache_path + ".meta", stat.S_IRWXU | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IROTH)
+        cache_path.with_suffix(".meta").chmod(stat.S_IRWXU | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IROTH)
         # write index file
         im = DiskDatasetCache.IndexManager(cache_path)
         index_data = im.build_index_from_data(features)
@@ -890,21 +891,23 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
         # rename the file after the cache has been generated
         # this doesn't work well on windows, but our server won't use windows
         # temporarily
-        os.replace(cache_path + ".data", cache_path)
+        cache_path.with_suffix(".data").rename(cache_path)
         # the fields of the cached features are converted to the original fields
         return features.swaplevel("datetime", "instrument")
 
     def update(self, cache_uri):
-        cp_cache_uri = os.path.join(self.dtst_cache_path, cache_uri)
-
+        # FIXME: when updating the cache, the type of C.provider_uri must be str
+        assert isinstance(C.provider_uri, str), "when updating the cache, the type of C.provider_uri must be str"
+        cp_cache_uri = self.get_cache_dir().joinpath(cache_uri)
+        meta_path = cp_cache_uri.with_suffix(".meta")
         if not self.check_cache_exists(cp_cache_uri):
             self.logger.info(f"The cache {cp_cache_uri} has corrupted. It will be removed")
             self.clear_cache(cp_cache_uri)
             return 2
 
         im = DiskDatasetCache.IndexManager(cp_cache_uri)
-        with CacheUtils.writer_lock(self.r, "dataset-%s" % cache_uri):
-            with open(cp_cache_uri + ".meta", "rb") as f:
+        with CacheUtils.writer_lock(self.r, f"{str(C.get_data_path())}:dataset-{cache_uri}"):
+            with meta_path.open("rb") as f:
                 d = pickle.load(f)
             instruments = d["info"]["instruments"]
             fields = d["info"]["fields"]
@@ -995,7 +998,7 @@ class DiskDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
 
                 # update meta file
                 d["info"]["last_update"] = str(new_calendar[-1])
-                with open(cp_cache_uri + ".meta", "wb") as f:
+                with meta_path.open("wb") as f:
                     pickle.dump(d, f)
                 return 0
 
@@ -1006,26 +1009,25 @@ class SimpleDatasetCache(DatasetCache):
     def __init__(self, provider):
         super(SimpleDatasetCache, self).__init__(provider)
         try:
-            self.local_cache_path = C["local_cache_path"]
+            self.local_cache_path: Path = Path(C["local_cache_path"]).expanduser().resolve()
         except KeyError as e:
             self.logger.error("Assign a local_cache_path in config if you want to use this cache mechanism")
 
     def _uri(self, instruments, fields, start_time, end_time, freq, disk_cache=1, **kwargs):
         instruments, fields, freq = self.normalize_uri_args(instruments, fields, freq)
-        local_cache_path = str(Path(self.local_cache_path).expanduser().resolve())
-        return hash_args(instruments, fields, start_time, end_time, freq, disk_cache, local_cache_path)
+        return hash_args(instruments, fields, start_time, end_time, freq, disk_cache, str(self.local_cache_path))
 
     def _dataset(self, instruments, fields, start_time=None, end_time=None, freq="day", disk_cache=1):
         if disk_cache == 0:
             # In this case, data_set cache is configured but will not be used.
             return self.provider.dataset(instruments, fields, start_time, end_time, freq)
-        os.makedirs(os.path.expanduser(self.local_cache_path), exist_ok=True)
-        cache_file = os.path.join(
-            self.local_cache_path, self._uri(instruments, fields, start_time, end_time, freq, disk_cache=disk_cache)
+        self.local_cache_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
+        cache_file = self.local_cache_path.joinpath(
+            self._uri(instruments, fields, start_time, end_time, freq, disk_cache=disk_cache)
         )
         gen_flag = False
 
-        if os.path.exists(cache_file):
+        if cache_file.exists():
             if disk_cache == 1:
                 # use cache
                 df = pd.read_pickle(cache_file)
@@ -1061,8 +1063,8 @@ class DatasetURICache(DatasetCache):
         # use ClientDatasetProvider
         feature_uri = self._uri(instruments, fields, None, None, freq, disk_cache=disk_cache)
         value, expire = MemCacheExpire.get_cache(H["f"], feature_uri)
-        mnt_feature_uri = os.path.join(C.get_data_path(), C.dataset_cache_dir_name, feature_uri)
-        if value is None or expire or not os.path.exists(mnt_feature_uri):
+        mnt_feature_uri = C.get_data_path(freq).joinpath(C.dataset_cache_dir_name).joinpath(feature_uri)
+        if value is None or expire or not mnt_feature_uri.exists():
             df, uri = self.provider.dataset(
                 instruments, fields, start_time, end_time, freq, disk_cache, return_uri=True
             )
@@ -1072,7 +1074,6 @@ class DatasetURICache(DatasetCache):
             # HZ['f'][uri] = df.copy()
             get_module_logger("cache").debug(f"get feature from {C.dataset_provider}")
         else:
-            mnt_feature_uri = os.path.join(C.get_data_path(), C.dataset_cache_dir_name, feature_uri)
             df = DiskDatasetCache.read_data_from_cache(mnt_feature_uri, start_time, end_time, fields)
             get_module_logger("cache").debug("get feature from uri cache")
 
diff --git a/qlib/data/data.py b/qlib/data/data.py
index 8ec4355c6..82f8c3745 100644
--- a/qlib/data/data.py
+++ b/qlib/data/data.py
@@ -5,16 +5,11 @@
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 
-import os
 import re
 import abc
 import copy
-import time
 import queue
 import bisect
-import logging
-import importlib
-import traceback
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 from multiprocessing import Pool
@@ -23,7 +18,7 @@ from .cache import H
 from ..config import C
 from .ops import Operators
 from ..log import get_module_logger
-from ..utils import parse_field, read_bin, hash_args, normalize_cache_fields, code_to_fname
+from ..utils import parse_field, hash_args, normalize_cache_fields, code_to_fname
 from .base import Feature
 from .cache import DiskDatasetCache, DiskExpressionCache
 from ..utils import Wrapper, init_instance_by_config, register_wrapper, get_module_by_module_path
@@ -48,19 +43,14 @@ class ProviderBackendMixin:
         # default provider_uri map
         if "provider_uri" not in backend_kwargs:
             # if the user has no uri configured, use: uri = uri_map[freq]
-            # NOTE: uri priority
-            #   1. backend_obj.kwargs["provider_uri"]
-            #   2. backend_obj.kwargs["backend_freq_config"]
-            #   3. C.backend_freq_config, or qlib.init(backend_freq_config={})
-            #   4. C.provider_uri, or qlib.init(provider_uri="")
-            provider_uri_map = backend_kwargs.setdefault("backend_freq_config", {})
+            # NOTE: provider_uri priority：
+            #   1. backend_config: backend_obj["kwargs"]["provider_uri"]
+            #   2. backend_config: backend_obj["kwargs"]["provider_uri_map"]
+            #   3. qlib.init: provider_uri
+            provider_uri_map = backend_kwargs.setdefault("provider_uri_map", {})
             freq = kwargs.get("freq", "day")
-            if C.backend_freq_config is not None:
-                if freq not in provider_uri_map:
-                    provider_uri_map[freq] = C.backend_freq_config.get(freq, C.get_data_path())
-            else:
-                if freq not in provider_uri_map:
-                    provider_uri_map[freq] = C.get_data_path()
+            if freq not in provider_uri_map:
+                provider_uri_map[freq] = C.get_data_path(freq)
             backend_kwargs["provider_uri"] = provider_uri_map[freq]
         backend.setdefault("kwargs", {}).update(**kwargs)
         return init_instance_by_config(backend)
@@ -548,11 +538,6 @@ class LocalCalendarProvider(CalendarProvider):
         super(LocalCalendarProvider, self).__init__(**kwargs)
         self.remote = kwargs.get("remote", False)
 
-    @property
-    def _uri_cal(self):
-        """Calendar file uri."""
-        return os.path.join(C.get_data_path(), "calendars", "{}.txt")
-
     def load_calendar(self, freq, future):
         """Load original calendar timestamp from file.
 
@@ -612,11 +597,6 @@ class LocalInstrumentProvider(InstrumentProvider):
     Provide instrument data from local data source.
     """
 
-    @property
-    def _uri_inst(self):
-        """Instrument file uri."""
-        return os.path.join(C.get_data_path(), "instruments", "{}.txt")
-
     def _load_instruments(self, market, freq):
         return self.backend_obj(market=market, freq=freq).data
 
@@ -665,11 +645,6 @@ class LocalFeatureProvider(FeatureProvider):
         super(LocalFeatureProvider, self).__init__(**kwargs)
         self.remote = kwargs.get("remote", False)
 
-    @property
-    def _uri_data(self):
-        """Static feature file uri."""
-        return os.path.join(C.get_data_path(), "features", "{}", "{}.{}.bin")
-
     def feature(self, instrument, field, start_index, end_index, freq):
         # validate
         field = str(field).lower()[1:]
@@ -937,7 +912,7 @@ class ClientDatasetProvider(DatasetProvider):
             get_module_logger("data").debug("get result")
             try:
                 # pre-mound nfs, used for demo
-                mnt_feature_uri = os.path.join(C.get_data_path(), C.dataset_cache_dir_name, feature_uri)
+                mnt_feature_uri = C.get_data_path(freq).joinpath(C.dataset_cache_dir_name, feature_uri)
                 df = DiskDatasetCache.read_data_from_cache(mnt_feature_uri, start_time, end_time, fields)
                 get_module_logger("data").debug("finish slicing data")
                 if return_uri:
diff --git a/qlib/utils/__init__.py b/qlib/utils/__init__.py
index 3934a1992..7504f8d61 100644
--- a/qlib/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/qlib/utils/__init__.py
@@ -43,8 +43,9 @@ def get_redis_connection():
 
 
 #################### Data ####################
-def read_bin(file_path, start_index, end_index):
-    with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
+def read_bin(file_path: Union[str, Path], start_index, end_index):
+    file_path = Path(file_path.expanduser().resolve())
+    with file_path.open("rb") as f:
         # read start_index
         ref_start_index = int(np.frombuffer(f.read(4), dtype="<f")[0])
         si = max(ref_start_index, start_index)