Updated readme [skip ci]

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ jobs:
             os: ubuntu-20.04
           - postgres: 12
             os: ubuntu-20.04
+          - postgres: 11
+            os: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: ankane/setup-postgres@v1
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
           dev-files: true
       - run: make
         env:
-          PG_CFLAGS: -DUSE_ASSERT_CHECKING -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-sign-compare
+          PG_CFLAGS: -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-sign-compare
       - run: |
           export PG_CONFIG=`which pg_config`
           sudo --preserve-env=PG_CONFIG make install
@@ -40,43 +42,27 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get install libipc-run-perl
       - run: make prove_installcheck
   mac:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: macos-latest
     if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref_name, 'windows') }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - postgres: 16
-            os: macos-14
-          - postgres: 14
-            os: macos-12
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: ankane/setup-postgres@v1
         with:
-          postgres-version: ${{ matrix.postgres }}
+          postgres-version: 14
       - run: make
         env:
-          PG_CFLAGS: -DUSE_ASSERT_CHECKING -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-unused-parameter
+          PG_CFLAGS: -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-unused-parameter
       - run: make install
       - run: make installcheck
       - if: ${{ failure() }}
         run: cat regression.diffs
-      # Homebrew Postgres does not enable TAP tests, so need to download
       - run: |
           brew install cpanm
           cpanm --notest IPC::Run
-          wget -q https://github.com/postgres/postgres/archive/refs/tags/$TAG.tar.gz
+          wget -q https://github.com/postgres/postgres/archive/refs/tags/REL_14_5.tar.gz
-          tar xf $TAG.tar.gz
+          tar xf REL_14_5.tar.gz
-          mv postgres-$TAG postgres
+      - run: make prove_installcheck PROVE_FLAGS="-I ./postgres-REL_14_5/src/test/perl" PERL5LIB="/Users/runner/perl5/lib/perl5"
-        env:
+      - run: make clean && /usr/local/opt/llvm@15/bin/scan-build --status-bugs make
-          TAG: ${{ matrix.postgres == 16 && 'REL_16_2' || 'REL_14_11' }}
-      - run: make prove_installcheck PROVE_FLAGS="-I ./postgres/src/test/perl -I ./test/perl"
-        env:
-          PERL5LIB: /Users/runner/perl5/lib/perl5
-      - run: make clean && $(brew --prefix llvm@15)/bin/scan-build --status-bugs make
-        env:
-          PG_CFLAGS: -DUSE_ASSERT_CHECKING
   windows:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref_name, 'mac') }}
@@ -93,16 +79,14 @@ jobs:
           nmake /NOLOGO /F Makefile.win clean && ^
           nmake /NOLOGO /F Makefile.win uninstall
         shell: cmd
-      - if: ${{ failure() }}
-        run: cat regression.diffs
   i386:
     if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref_name, 'mac') && !startsWith(github.ref_name, 'windows') }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container:
-      image: debian:12
+      image: debian:11
       options: --platform linux/386
     steps:
-      - run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git libipc-run-perl postgresql-15 postgresql-server-dev-15 sudo
+      - run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git libipc-run-perl postgresql-13 postgresql-server-dev-13 sudo
       - run: service postgresql start
       - run: |
           git clone https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}.git pgvector
@@ -115,18 +99,4 @@ jobs:
           sudo -u postgres make installcheck
           sudo -u postgres make prove_installcheck
         env:
-          PG_CFLAGS: -DUSE_ASSERT_CHECKING -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-sign-compare
+          PG_CFLAGS: -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-sign-compare
-      - if: ${{ failure() }}
-        run: cat pgvector/regression.diffs
-  valgrind:
-    if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref_name, 'mac') && !startsWith(github.ref_name, 'windows') }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: ankane/setup-postgres-valgrind@v1
-        with:
-          postgres-version: 16
-          check-ub: yes
-      - run: make OPTFLAGS=""
-      - run: sudo --preserve-env=PG_CONFIG make install
-      - run: make installcheck

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,43 +1,6 @@
-## 0.7.0 (unreleased)
+## 0.5.2 (unreleased)
 
-- Added `halfvec` type
+- Added support for on-disk parallel index builds for HNSW
-- Added `sparsevec` type
-- Added support for indexing `bit` type
-- Added support for indexing L1 distance with HNSW
-- Added `binary_quantize` function
-- Added `hamming_distance` function
-- Added `jaccard_distance` function
-- Added `l2_normalize` function
-- Added `subvector` function
-- Added concatenate operator for vectors
-- Added CPU dispatching for distance functions on Linux x86-64
-- Updated comparison operators to support vectors with different dimensions
-
-## 0.6.2 (2024-03-18)
-
-- Reduced lock contention with parallel HNSW index builds
-
-## 0.6.1 (2024-03-04)
-
-- Fixed error with `ANALYZE` and vectors with different dimensions
-- Fixed segmentation fault with `shared_preload_libraries`
-- Fixed vector subtraction being marked as commutative
-
-## 0.6.0 (2024-01-29)
-
-If upgrading with Postgres 12 or Docker, see [these notes](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector#060).
-
-- Added support for parallel index builds for HNSW
-- Added validation for GUC parameters
-- Changed storage for vector from `extended` to `external`
-- Improved performance of HNSW
-- Reduced memory usage for HNSW index builds
-- Reduced WAL generation for HNSW index builds
-- Fixed error with logical replication
-- Fixed `invalid memory alloc request size` error with HNSW index builds
-- Moved Docker image to `pgvector` org
-- Added Docker tags for each supported version of Postgres
-- Dropped support for Postgres 11
 
 ## 0.5.1 (2023-10-10)
 
@@ -85,7 +48,7 @@ If upgrading with Postgres 12 or Docker, see [these notes](https://github.com/pg
 
 ## 0.4.0 (2023-01-11)
 
-If upgrading with Postgres < 13, see [this note](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector/blob/v0.4.0/README.md#040).
+If upgrading with Postgres < 13, see [this note](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector#040).
 
 - Changed text representation for vector elements to match `real`
 - Changed storage for vector from `plain` to `extended`
@@ -102,7 +65,7 @@ If upgrading with Postgres < 13, see [this note](https://github.com/pgvector/pgv
 
 ## 0.3.1 (2022-11-02)
 
-If upgrading from 0.2.7 or 0.3.0, [recreate](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector/blob/v0.3.1/README.md#031) all `ivfflat` indexes after upgrading to ensure all data is indexed.
+If upgrading from 0.2.7 or 0.3.0, [recreate](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector#031) all `ivfflat` indexes after upgrading to ensure all data is indexed.
 
 - Fixed issue with inserts silently corrupting `ivfflat` indexes (introduced in 0.2.7)
 - Fixed segmentation fault with index creation when lists > 6500

Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-ARG PG_MAJOR=16
+ARG PG_MAJOR=15
 FROM postgres:$PG_MAJOR
 ARG PG_MAJOR
 

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2024, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2023, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 
 Portions Copyright (c) 1994, The Regents of the University of California
 

META.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 	"name": "vector",
 	"abstract": "Open-source vector similarity search for Postgres",
 	"description": "Supports L2 distance, inner product, and cosine distance",
-	"version": "0.6.2",
+	"version": "0.5.1",
 	"maintainer": [
 		"Andrew Kane <andrew@ankane.org>"
 	],
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 	"prereqs": {
 		"runtime": {
 			"requires": {
-				"PostgreSQL": "12.0.0"
+				"PostgreSQL": "11.0.0"
 			}
 		}
 	},
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 		"vector": {
 			"file": "sql/vector.sql",
 			"docfile": "README.md",
-			"version": "0.6.2",
+			"version": "0.5.1",
 			"abstract": "Open-source vector similarity search for Postgres"
 		}
 	},

Makefile

@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 EXTENSION = vector
-EXTVERSION = 0.6.2
+EXTVERSION = 0.5.1
 
 MODULE_big = vector
 DATA = $(wildcard sql/*--*.sql)
-OBJS = src/bitutils.o src/bitvec.o src/halfutils.o src/halfvec.o src/hnsw.o src/hnswbuild.o src/hnswinsert.o src/hnswscan.o src/hnswutils.o src/hnswvacuum.o src/ivfbuild.o src/ivfflat.o src/ivfinsert.o src/ivfkmeans.o src/ivfscan.o src/ivfutils.o src/ivfvacuum.o src/sparsevec.o src/vector.o
+OBJS = src/hnsw.o src/hnswbuild.o src/hnswinsert.o src/hnswscan.o src/hnswutils.o src/hnswvacuum.o src/ivfbuild.o src/ivfflat.o src/ivfinsert.o src/ivfkmeans.o src/ivfscan.o src/ivfutils.o src/ivfvacuum.o src/vector.o
-HEADERS = src/halfvec.h src/sparsevec.h src/vector.h
+HEADERS = src/vector.h
 
 TESTS = $(wildcard test/sql/*.sql)
 REGRESS = $(patsubst test/sql/%.sql,%,$(TESTS))
 REGRESS_OPTS = --inputdir=test --load-extension=$(EXTENSION)
 
-# To compile for portability, run: make OPTFLAGS=""
 OPTFLAGS = -march=native
 
-# Mac ARM doesn't always support -march=native
+# Mac ARM doesn't support -march=native
 ifeq ($(shell uname -s), Darwin)
 	ifeq ($(shell uname -p), arm)
 		# no difference with -march=armv8.5-a
@@ -66,15 +65,13 @@ dist:
 	mkdir -p dist
 	git archive --format zip --prefix=$(EXTENSION)-$(EXTVERSION)/ --output dist/$(EXTENSION)-$(EXTVERSION).zip master
 
-# for Docker
-PG_MAJOR ?= 16
-
 .PHONY: docker
 
 docker:
-	docker build --pull --no-cache --build-arg PG_MAJOR=$(PG_MAJOR) -t pgvector/pgvector:pg$(PG_MAJOR) -t pgvector/pgvector:$(EXTVERSION)-pg$(PG_MAJOR) .
+	docker build --pull --no-cache --platform linux/amd64 -t ankane/pgvector:latest .
 
 .PHONY: docker-release
 
 docker-release:
-	docker buildx build --push --pull --no-cache --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --build-arg PG_MAJOR=$(PG_MAJOR) -t pgvector/pgvector:pg$(PG_MAJOR) -t pgvector/pgvector:$(EXTVERSION)-pg$(PG_MAJOR) .
+	docker buildx build --push --pull --no-cache --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 -t ankane/pgvector:latest .
+	docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 -t ankane/pgvector:v$(EXTVERSION) .

Makefile.win

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 EXTENSION = vector
-EXTVERSION = 0.6.2
+EXTVERSION = 0.5.1
 
-OBJS = src\bitutils.obj src\bitvec.obj src\halfutils.obj src\halfvec.obj src\hnsw.obj src\hnswbuild.obj src\hnswinsert.obj src\hnswscan.obj src\hnswutils.obj src\hnswvacuum.obj src\ivfbuild.obj src\ivfflat.obj src\ivfinsert.obj src\ivfkmeans.obj src\ivfscan.obj src\ivfutils.obj src\ivfvacuum.obj src\sparsevec.obj src\vector.obj
+OBJS = src\hnsw.obj src\hnswbuild.obj src\hnswinsert.obj src\hnswscan.obj src\hnswutils.obj src\hnswvacuum.obj src\ivfbuild.obj src\ivfflat.obj src\ivfinsert.obj src\ivfkmeans.obj src\ivfscan.obj src\ivfutils.obj src\ivfvacuum.obj src\vector.obj
-HEADERS = src\halfvec.h src\sparsevec.h src\vector.h
+HEADERS = src\vector.h
 
-REGRESS = bit btree cast copy halfvec hnsw_bit hnsw_halfvec hnsw_sparsevec hnsw_vector ivfflat_bit ivfflat_halfvec ivfflat_vector sparsevec vector
+REGRESS = btree cast copy functions input ivfflat_cosine ivfflat_ip ivfflat_l2 ivfflat_options ivfflat_unlogged
 REGRESS_OPTS = --inputdir=test --load-extension=$(EXTENSION)
 
 # For /arch flags

README.md

@@ -10,50 +10,23 @@ Store your vectors with the rest of your data. Supports:
 
 Plus [ACID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID) compliance, point-in-time recovery, JOINs, and all of the other [great features](https://www.postgresql.org/about/) of Postgres
 
-[![Build Status](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector/actions/workflows/build.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector/actions)
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector/workflows/build/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector/actions)
 
 ## Installation
 
-### Linux and Mac
+Compile and install the extension (supports Postgres 11+)
-
-Compile and install the extension (supports Postgres 12+)
 
 ```sh
 cd /tmp
-git clone --branch v0.6.2 https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector.git
+git clone --branch v0.5.1 https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector.git
 cd pgvector
 make
 make install # may need sudo
 ```
 
-See the [installation notes](#installation-notes---linux-and-mac) if you run into issues
+See the [installation notes](#installation-notes) if you run into issues
 
-You can also install it with [Docker](#docker), [Homebrew](#homebrew), [PGXN](#pgxn), [APT](#apt), [Yum](#yum), [pkg](#pkg), or [conda-forge](#conda-forge), and it comes preinstalled with [Postgres.app](#postgresapp) and many [hosted providers](#hosted-postgres). There are also instructions for [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/pgvector/setup-pgvector).
+You can also install it with [Docker](#docker), [Homebrew](#homebrew), [PGXN](#pgxn), [APT](#apt), [Yum](#yum), or [conda-forge](#conda-forge), and it comes preinstalled with [Postgres.app](#postgresapp) and many [hosted providers](#hosted-postgres). There are also instructions for [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/pgvector/setup-pgvector).
-
-### Windows
-
-Ensure [C++ support in Visual Studio](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/building-on-the-command-line?view=msvc-170#download-and-install-the-tools) is installed, and run:
-
-```cmd
-call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
-```
-
-Note: The exact path will vary depending on your Visual Studio version and edition
-
-Then use `nmake` to build:
-
-```cmd
-set "PGROOT=C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\16"
-cd %TEMP%
-git clone --branch v0.6.2 https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector.git
-cd pgvector
-nmake /F Makefile.win
-nmake /F Makefile.win install
-```
-
-See the [installation notes](#installation-notes---windows) if you run into issues
-
-You can also install it with [Docker](#docker) or [conda-forge](#conda-forge).
 
 ## Getting Started
 
@@ -81,7 +54,7 @@ Get the nearest neighbors by L2 distance
 SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY embedding <-> '[3,1,2]' LIMIT 5;
 ```
 
-Also supports inner product (`<#>`), cosine distance (`<=>`), and L1 distance (`<+>`, unreleased)
+Also supports inner product (`<#>`) and cosine distance (`<=>`)
 
 Note: `<#>` returns the negative inner product since Postgres only supports `ASC` order index scans on operators
 
@@ -105,12 +78,6 @@ Insert vectors
 INSERT INTO items (embedding) VALUES ('[1,2,3]'), ('[4,5,6]');
 ```
 
-Or load vectors in bulk using `COPY` ([example](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-python/blob/master/examples/bulk_loading.py))
-
-```sql
-COPY items (embedding) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT BINARY);
-```
-
 Upsert vectors
 
 ```sql
@@ -138,13 +105,6 @@ Get the nearest neighbors to a vector
 SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY embedding <-> '[3,1,2]' LIMIT 5;
 ```
 
-Supported distance functions are:
-
-- `<->` - L2 distance
-- `<#>` - (negative) inner product
-- `<=>` - cosine distance
-- `<+>` - L1 distance (unreleased)
-
 Get the nearest neighbors to a row
 
 ```sql
@@ -201,130 +161,8 @@ You can add an index to use approximate nearest neighbor search, which trades so
 
 Supported index types are:
 
-- [HNSW](#hnsw) - added in 0.5.0
 - [IVFFlat](#ivfflat)
-
+- [HNSW](#hnsw) - added in 0.5.0
-## HNSW
-
-An HNSW index creates a multilayer graph. It has better query performance than IVFFlat (in terms of speed-recall tradeoff), but has slower build times and uses more memory. Also, an index can be created without any data in the table since there isn’t a training step like IVFFlat.
-
-Add an index for each distance function you want to use.
-
-L2 distance
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw (embedding vector_l2_ops);
-```
-
-Inner product
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw (embedding vector_ip_ops);
-```
-
-Cosine distance
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw (embedding vector_cosine_ops);
-```
-
-L1 distance - unreleased
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw (embedding vector_l1_ops);
-```
-
-Hamming distance - unreleased
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw (embedding bit_hamming_ops);
-```
-
-Jaccard distance - unreleased
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw (embedding bit_jaccard_ops);
-```
-
-Supported types are:
-
-- `vector` - up to 2,000 dimensions
-- `halfvec` - up to 4,000 dimensions (unreleased)
-- `bit` - up to 64,000 dimensions (unreleased)
-- `sparsevec` - up to 1,000 non-zero elements (unreleased)
-
-### Index Options
-
-Specify HNSW parameters
-
-- `m` - the max number of connections per layer (16 by default)
-- `ef_construction` - the size of the dynamic candidate list for constructing the graph (64 by default)
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw (embedding vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 16, ef_construction = 64);
-```
-
-A higher value of `ef_construction` provides better recall at the cost of index build time / insert speed.
-
-### Query Options
-
-Specify the size of the dynamic candidate list for search (40 by default)
-
-```sql
-SET hnsw.ef_search = 100;
-```
-
-A higher value provides better recall at the cost of speed.
-
-Use `SET LOCAL` inside a transaction to set it for a single query
-
-```sql
-BEGIN;
-SET LOCAL hnsw.ef_search = 100;
-SELECT ...
-COMMIT;
-```
-
-### Index Build Time
-
-Indexes build significantly faster when the graph fits into `maintenance_work_mem`
-
-```sql
-SET maintenance_work_mem = '8GB';
-```
-
-A notice is shown when the graph no longer fits
-
-```text
-NOTICE:  hnsw graph no longer fits into maintenance_work_mem after 100000 tuples
-DETAIL:  Building will take significantly more time.
-HINT:  Increase maintenance_work_mem to speed up builds.
-```
-
-Note: Do not set `maintenance_work_mem` so high that it exhausts the memory on the server
-
-Like other index types, it’s faster to create an index after loading your initial data
-
-Starting with 0.6.0, you can also speed up index creation by increasing the number of parallel workers (2 by default)
-
-```sql
-SET max_parallel_maintenance_workers = 7; -- plus leader
-```
-
-For a large number of workers, you may also need to increase `max_parallel_workers` (8 by default)
-
-### Indexing Progress
-
-Check [indexing progress](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/progress-reporting.html#CREATE-INDEX-PROGRESS-REPORTING) with Postgres 12+
-
-```sql
-SELECT phase, round(100.0 * blocks_done / nullif(blocks_total, 0), 1) AS "%" FROM pg_stat_progress_create_index;
-```
-
-The phases for HNSW are:
-
-1. `initializing`
-2. `loading tuples`
 
 ## IVFFlat
 
@@ -356,17 +194,7 @@ Cosine distance
 CREATE INDEX ON items USING ivfflat (embedding vector_cosine_ops) WITH (lists = 100);
 ```
 
-Hamming distance - unreleased
+Vectors with up to 2,000 dimensions can be indexed.
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX ON items USING ivfflat (embedding bit_hamming_ops) WITH (lists = 100);
-```
-
-Supported types are:
-
-- `vector` - up to 2,000 dimensions
-- `halfvec` - up to 4,000 dimensions (unreleased)
-- `bit` - up to 64,000 dimensions (unreleased)
 
 ### Query Options
 
@@ -387,16 +215,6 @@ SELECT ...
 COMMIT;
 ```
 
-### Index Build Time
-
-Speed up index creation on large tables by increasing the number of parallel workers (2 by default)
-
-```sql
-SET max_parallel_maintenance_workers = 7; -- plus leader
-```
-
-For a large number of workers, you may also need to increase `max_parallel_workers` (8 by default)
-
 ### Indexing Progress
 
 Check [indexing progress](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/progress-reporting.html#CREATE-INDEX-PROGRESS-REPORTING) with Postgres 12+
@@ -414,6 +232,75 @@ The phases for IVFFlat are:
 
 Note: `%` is only populated during the `loading tuples` phase
 
+## HNSW
+
+An HNSW index creates a multilayer graph. It has slower build times and uses more memory than IVFFlat, but has better query performance (in terms of speed-recall tradeoff). There’s no training step like IVFFlat, so the index can be created without any data in the table.
+
+Add an index for each distance function you want to use.
+
+L2 distance
+
+```sql
+CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw (embedding vector_l2_ops);
+```
+
+Inner product
+
+```sql
+CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw (embedding vector_ip_ops);
+```
+
+Cosine distance
+
+```sql
+CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw (embedding vector_cosine_ops);
+```
+
+Vectors with up to 2,000 dimensions can be indexed.
+
+### Index Options
+
+Specify HNSW parameters
+
+- `m` - the max number of connections per layer (16 by default)
+- `ef_construction` - the size of the dynamic candidate list for constructing the graph (64 by default)
+
+```sql
+CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw (embedding vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 16, ef_construction = 64);
+```
+
+### Query Options
+
+Specify the size of the dynamic candidate list for search (40 by default)
+
+```sql
+SET hnsw.ef_search = 100;
+```
+
+A higher value provides better recall at the cost of speed.
+
+Use `SET LOCAL` inside a transaction to set it for a single query
+
+```sql
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL hnsw.ef_search = 100;
+SELECT ...
+COMMIT;
+```
+
+### Indexing Progress
+
+Check [indexing progress](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/progress-reporting.html#CREATE-INDEX-PROGRESS-REPORTING) with Postgres 12+
+
+```sql
+SELECT phase, round(100.0 * blocks_done / nullif(blocks_total, 0), 1) AS "%" FROM pg_stat_progress_create_index;
+```
+
+The phases for HNSW are:
+
+1. `initializing`
+2. `loading tuples`
+
 ## Filtering
 
 There are a few ways to index nearest neighbor queries with a `WHERE` clause
@@ -431,7 +318,8 @@ CREATE INDEX ON items (category_id);
 Or a [partial index](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-partial.html) on the vector column for approximate search
 
 ```sql
-CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw (embedding vector_l2_ops) WHERE (category_id = 123);
+CREATE INDEX ON items USING ivfflat (embedding vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 100)
+    WHERE (category_id = 123);
 ```
 
 Use [partitioning](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-partitioning.html) for approximate search on many different values of the `WHERE` columns
@@ -440,103 +328,6 @@ Use [partitioning](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-partitioning.html
 CREATE TABLE items (embedding vector(3), category_id int) PARTITION BY LIST(category_id);
 ```
 
-## Half Vectors
-
-*Unreleased*
-
-Use the `halfvec` type to store half-precision vectors
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE items (id bigserial PRIMARY KEY, embedding halfvec(3));
-```
-
-## Half Indexing
-
-*Unreleased*
-
-Index vectors at half precision for smaller indexes and faster build times
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw ((embedding::halfvec(3)) halfvec_l2_ops);
-```
-
-Get the nearest neighbors
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY embedding::halfvec(3) <-> '[1,2,3]' LIMIT 5;
-```
-
-## Binary Vectors
-
-Use the `bit` type to store binary vectors ([example](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-python/blob/master/examples/hash_image_search.py))
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE items (id bigserial PRIMARY KEY, embedding bit(3));
-INSERT INTO items (embedding) VALUES ('000'), ('111');
-```
-
-Get the nearest neighbors by Hamming distance
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY bit_count(embedding # '101') LIMIT 5;
-```
-
-Or (unreleased)
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY embedding <~> '101' LIMIT 5;
-```
-
-Also supports Jaccard distance (`<%>`)
-
-## Binary Quantization
-
-*Unreleased*
-
-Use expression indexing for binary quantization
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw ((binary_quantize(embedding)::bit(3)) bit_hamming_ops);
-```
-
-Get the nearest neighbors by Hamming distance
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY binary_quantize(embedding)::bit(3) <~> binary_quantize('[1,-2,3]') LIMIT 5;
-```
-
-Re-rank by the original vectors for better recall
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM (
-    SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY binary_quantize(embedding)::bit(3) <~> binary_quantize('[1,-2,3]') LIMIT 20
-) ORDER BY embedding <=> '[1,-2,3]' LIMIT 5;
-```
-
-## Sparse Vectors
-
-*Unreleased*
-
-Use the `sparsevec` type to store sparse vectors
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE items (id bigserial PRIMARY KEY, embedding sparsevec(5));
-```
-
-Insert vectors
-
-```sql
-INSERT INTO items (embedding) VALUES ('{1:1,3:2,5:3}/5'), ('{1:4,3:5,5:6}/5');
-```
-
-The format is `{index1:value1,index2:value2}/dimensions` and indices start at 1 like SQL arrays
-
-Get the nearest neighbors by L2 distance
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY embedding <-> '{1:3,3:1,5:2}/5' LIMIT 5;
-```
-
 ## Hybrid Search
 
 Use together with Postgres [full-text search](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/textsearch-intro.html) for hybrid search.
@@ -548,77 +339,15 @@ SELECT id, content FROM items, plainto_tsquery('hello search') query
 
 You can use [Reciprocal Rank Fusion](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-python/blob/master/examples/hybrid_search_rrf.py) or a [cross-encoder](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-python/blob/master/examples/hybrid_search.py) to combine results.
 
-## Indexing Subvectors
-
-*Unreleased*
-
-Use expression indexing to index subvectors
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX ON items USING hnsw ((subvector(embedding, 1, 3)::vector(3)) vector_cosine_ops);
-```
-
-Get the nearest neighbors by cosine distance
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY subvector(embedding, 1, 3)::vector(3) <=> subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 1, 3) LIMIT 5;
-```
-
-Re-rank by the full vectors for better recall
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM (
-    SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY subvector(embedding, 1, 3)::vector(3) <=> subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 1, 3) LIMIT 20
-) ORDER BY embedding <=> '[1,2,3,4,5]' LIMIT 5;
-```
-
 ## Performance
 
-### Tuning
-
-Use a tool like [PgTune](https://pgtune.leopard.in.ua/) to set initial values for Postgres server parameters. For instance, `shared_buffers` should typically be 25% of the server’s memory. You can find the config file with:
-
-```sql
-SHOW config_file;
-```
-
-And check individual settings with:
-
-```sql
-SHOW shared_buffers;
-```
-
-Be sure to restart Postgres for changes to take effect.
-
-### Loading
-
-Use `COPY` for bulk loading data ([example](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-python/blob/master/examples/bulk_loading.py)).
-
-```sql
-COPY items (embedding) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT BINARY);
-```
-
-Add any indexes *after* loading the initial data for best performance.
-
-### Indexing
-
-See index build time for [HNSW](#index-build-time) and [IVFFlat](#index-build-time-1).
-
-In production environments, create indexes concurrently to avoid blocking writes.
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY ...
-```
-
-### Querying
-
 Use `EXPLAIN ANALYZE` to debug performance.
 
 ```sql
 EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY embedding <-> '[3,1,2]' LIMIT 5;
 ```
 
-#### Exact Search
+### Exact Search
 
 To speed up queries without an index, increase `max_parallel_workers_per_gather`.
 
@@ -632,7 +361,7 @@ If vectors are normalized to length 1 (like [OpenAI embeddings](https://platform
 SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY embedding <#> '[3,1,2]' LIMIT 5;
 ```
 
-#### Approximate Search
+### Approximate Search
 
 To speed up queries with an IVFFlat index, increase the number of inverted lists (at the expense of recall).
 
@@ -640,50 +369,6 @@ To speed up queries with an IVFFlat index, increase the number of inverted lists
 CREATE INDEX ON items USING ivfflat (embedding vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 1000);
 ```
 
-### Vacuuming
-
-Vacuuming can take a while for HNSW indexes. Speed it up by reindexing first.
-
-```sql
-REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY index_name;
-VACUUM table_name;
-```
-
-## Monitoring
-
-Monitor performance with [pg_stat_statements](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgstatstatements.html) (be sure to add it to `shared_preload_libraries`).
-
-```sql
-CREATE EXTENSION pg_stat_statements;
-```
-
-Get the most time-consuming queries with:
-
-```sql
-SELECT query, calls, ROUND((total_plan_time + total_exec_time) / calls) AS avg_time_ms,
-    ROUND((total_plan_time + total_exec_time) / 60000) AS total_time_min
-    FROM pg_stat_statements ORDER BY total_plan_time + total_exec_time DESC LIMIT 20;
-```
-
-Note: Replace `total_plan_time + total_exec_time` with `total_time` for Postgres < 13
-
-Monitor recall by comparing results from approximate search with exact search.
-
-```sql
-BEGIN;
-SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = off; -- use exact search
-SELECT ...
-COMMIT;
-```
-
-## Scaling
-
-Scale pgvector the same way you scale Postgres.
-
-Scale vertically by increasing memory, CPU, and storage on a single instance. Use existing tools to [tune parameters](#tuning) and [monitor performance](#monitoring).
-
-Scale horizontally with [replicas](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/hot-standby.html), or use [Citus](https://github.com/citusdata/citus) or another approach for sharding ([example](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-python/blob/master/examples/citus.py)).
-
 ## Languages
 
 Use pgvector from any language with a Postgres client. You can even generate and store vectors in one language and query them in another.
@@ -692,7 +377,7 @@ Language | Libraries / Examples
 --- | ---
 C | [pgvector-c](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-c)
 C++ | [pgvector-cpp](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-cpp)
-C#, F#, Visual Basic | [pgvector-dotnet](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-dotnet)
+C# | [pgvector-dotnet](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-dotnet)
 Crystal | [pgvector-crystal](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-crystal)
 Dart | [pgvector-dart](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-dart)
 Elixir | [pgvector-elixir](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-elixir)
@@ -701,10 +386,8 @@ Haskell | [pgvector-haskell](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-haskell)
 Java, Kotlin, Groovy, Scala | [pgvector-java](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-java)
 JavaScript, TypeScript | [pgvector-node](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-node)
 Julia | [pgvector-julia](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-julia)
-Lisp | [pgvector-lisp](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-lisp)
 Lua | [pgvector-lua](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-lua)
 Nim | [pgvector-nim](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-nim)
-OCaml | [pgvector-ocaml](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-ocaml)
 Perl | [pgvector-perl](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-perl)
 PHP | [pgvector-php](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-php)
 Python | [pgvector-python](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-python)
@@ -777,29 +460,11 @@ and query with:
 SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY embedding::vector(3) <-> '[3,1,2]' LIMIT 5;
 ```
 
-#### Do indexes need to fit into memory?
-
-No, but like other index types, you’ll likely see better performance if they do. You can get the size of an index with:
-
-```sql
-SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size('index_name'));
-```
-
 ## Troubleshooting
 
 #### Why isn’t a query using an index?
 
-The query needs to have an `ORDER BY` and `LIMIT`, and the `ORDER BY` must be the result of a distance operator, not an expression.
+The cost estimation in pgvector < 0.4.3 does not always work well with the planner. You can encourage the planner to use an index for a query with:
-
-```sql
--- index
-ORDER BY embedding <=> '[3,1,2]' LIMIT 5;
-
--- no index
-ORDER BY 1 - (embedding <=> '[3,1,2]') DESC LIMIT 5;
-```
-
-You can encourage the planner to use an index for a query with:
 
 ```sql
 BEGIN;
@@ -828,12 +493,6 @@ or choose to store vectors inline:
 ALTER TABLE items ALTER COLUMN embedding SET STORAGE PLAIN;
 ```
 
-#### Why are there less results for a query after adding an HNSW index?
-
-Results are limited by the size of the dynamic candidate list (`hnsw.ef_search`). There may be even less results due to dead tuples or filtering conditions in the query. We recommend setting `hnsw.ef_search` to at least twice the `LIMIT` of the query. If you need more than 500 results, use an IVFFlat index instead.
-
-Also, note that `NULL` vectors are not indexed (as well as zero vectors for cosine distance).
-
 #### Why are there less results for a query after adding an IVFFlat index?
 
 The index was likely created with too little data for the number of lists. Drop the index until the table has more data.
@@ -842,20 +501,11 @@ The index was likely created with too little data for the number of lists. Drop
 DROP INDEX index_name;
 ```
 
-Results can also be limited by the number of probes (`ivfflat.probes`).
-
-Also, note that `NULL` vectors are not indexed (as well as zero vectors for cosine distance).
-
 ## Reference
 
-- [Vector](#vector-type)
-- [Halfvec](#halfvec-type)
-- [Bit](#bit-type)
-- [Sparsevec](#sparsevec-type)
-
 ### Vector Type
 
-Each vector takes `4 * dimensions + 8` bytes of storage. Each element is a single-precision floating-point number (like the `real` type in Postgres), and all elements must be finite (no `NaN`, `Infinity` or `-Infinity`). Vectors can have up to 16,000 dimensions.
+Each vector takes `4 * dimensions + 8` bytes of storage. Each element is a single precision floating-point number (like the `real` type in Postgres), and all elements must be finite (no `NaN`, `Infinity` or `-Infinity`). Vectors can have up to 16,000 dimensions.
 
 ### Vector Operators
 
@@ -864,121 +514,36 @@ Operator | Description | Added
 \+ | element-wise addition |
 \- | element-wise subtraction |
 \* | element-wise multiplication | 0.5.0
-\|\| | concatenate | unreleased
 <-> | Euclidean distance |
 <#> | negative inner product |
 <=> | cosine distance |
-<+> | taxicab distance | unreleased
 
 ### Vector Functions
 
 Function | Description | Added
 --- | --- | ---
-binary_quantize(vector) → bit | binary quantize | unreleased
 cosine_distance(vector, vector) → double precision | cosine distance |
 inner_product(vector, vector) → double precision | inner product |
-l1_distance(vector, vector) → double precision | taxicab distance | 0.5.0
 l2_distance(vector, vector) → double precision | Euclidean distance |
-l2_normalize(vector) → vector | Normalize with Euclidean norm | unreleased
+l1_distance(vector, vector) → double precision | taxicab distance | 0.5.0
-subvector(vector, integer, integer) → vector | subvector | unreleased
 vector_dims(vector) → integer | number of dimensions |
 vector_norm(vector) → double precision | Euclidean norm |
 
-### Vector Aggregate Functions
+### Aggregate Functions
 
 Function | Description | Added
 --- | --- | ---
 avg(vector) → vector | average |
 sum(vector) → vector | sum | 0.5.0
 
-### Halfvec Type
+## Installation Notes
-
-Each half vector takes `2 * dimensions + 8` bytes of storage. Each element is a half-precision floating-point number, and all elements must be finite (no `NaN`, `Infinity` or `-Infinity`). Half vectors can have up to 16,000 dimensions.
-
-### Halfvec Operators
-
-Operator | Description | Added
---- | --- | ---
-\+ | element-wise addition | unreleased
-\- | element-wise subtraction | unreleased
-\* | element-wise multiplication | unreleased
-\|\| | concatenate | unreleased
-<-> | Euclidean distance | unreleased
-<#> | negative inner product | unreleased
-<=> | cosine distance | unreleased
-<+> | taxicab distance | unreleased
-
-### Halfvec Functions
-
-Function | Description | Added
---- | --- | ---
-binary_quantize(halfvec) → bit | binary quantize | unreleased
-cosine_distance(halfvec, halfvec) → double precision | cosine distance | unreleased
-inner_product(halfvec, halfvec) → double precision | inner product | unreleased
-l1_distance(halfvec, halfvec) → double precision | taxicab distance | unreleased
-l2_distance(halfvec, halfvec) → double precision | Euclidean distance | unreleased
-l2_norm(halfvec) → double precision | Euclidean norm | unreleased
-l2_normalize(halfvec) → halfvec | Normalize with Euclidean norm | unreleased
-subvector(halfvec, integer, integer) → halfvec | subvector | unreleased
-vector_dims(halfvec) → integer | number of dimensions | unreleased
-
-### Halfvec Aggregate Functions
-
-Function | Description | Added
---- | --- | ---
-avg(halfvec) → halfvec | average | unreleased
-sum(halfvec) → halfvec | sum | unreleased
-
-### Bit Type
-
-Each bit vector takes `dimensions / 8 + 8` bytes of storage. See the [Postgres docs](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/datatype-bit.html) for more info.
-
-### Bit Operators
-
-Operator | Description | Added
---- | --- | ---
-<~> | Hamming distance | unreleased
-<%> | Jaccard distance | unreleased
-
-### Bit Functions
-
-Function | Description | Added
---- | --- | ---
-hamming_distance(bit, bit) → double precision | Hamming distance | unreleased
-jaccard_distance(bit, bit) → double precision | Jaccard distance | unreleased
-
-### Sparsevec Type
-
-Each sparse vector takes `8 * non-zero elements + 16` bytes of storage. Each element is a single-precision floating-point number, and all elements must be finite (no `NaN`, `Infinity` or `-Infinity`). Sparse vectors can have up to 16,000 non-zero elements.
-
-### Sparsevec Operators
-
-Operator | Description | Added
---- | --- | ---
-<-> | Euclidean distance | unreleased
-<#> | negative inner product | unreleased
-<=> | cosine distance | unreleased
-<+> | taxicab distance | unreleased
-
-### Sparsevec Functions
-
-Function | Description | Added
---- | --- | ---
-cosine_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec) → double precision | cosine distance | unreleased
-inner_product(sparsevec, sparsevec) → double precision | inner product | unreleased
-l1_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec) → double precision | taxicab distance | unreleased
-l2_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec) → double precision | Euclidean distance | unreleased
-l2_norm(sparsevec) → double precision | Euclidean norm | unreleased
-l2_normalize(sparsevec) → sparsevec | Normalize with Euclidean norm | unreleased
-
-## Installation Notes - Linux and Mac
 
 ### Postgres Location
 
 If your machine has multiple Postgres installations, specify the path to [pg_config](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgconfig.html) with:
 
 ```sh
-export PG_CONFIG=/Library/PostgreSQL/16/bin/pg_config
+export PG_CONFIG=/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/latest/bin/pg_config
 ```
 
 Then re-run the installation instructions (run `make clean` before `make` if needed). If `sudo` is needed for `make install`, use:
@@ -987,14 +552,6 @@ Then re-run the installation instructions (run `make clean` before `make` if nee
 sudo --preserve-env=PG_CONFIG make install
 ```
 
-A few common paths on Mac are:
-
-- EDB installer - `/Library/PostgreSQL/16/bin/pg_config`
-- Homebrew (arm64) - `/opt/homebrew/opt/postgresql@16/bin/pg_config`
-- Homebrew (x86-64) - `/usr/local/opt/postgresql@16/bin/pg_config`
-
-Note: Replace `16` with your Postgres server version
-
 ### Missing Header
 
 If compilation fails with `fatal error: postgres.h: No such file or directory`, make sure Postgres development files are installed on the server.
@@ -1002,53 +559,49 @@ If compilation fails with `fatal error: postgres.h: No such file or directory`,
 For Ubuntu and Debian, use:
 
 ```sh
-sudo apt install postgresql-server-dev-16
+sudo apt install postgresql-server-dev-15
 ```
 
-Note: Replace `16` with your Postgres server version
+Note: Replace `15` with your Postgres server version
 
-### Missing SDK
+### Windows
 
-If compilation fails and the output includes `warning: no such sysroot directory` on Mac, reinstall Xcode Command Line Tools.
+Support for Windows is currently experimental. Ensure [C++ support in Visual Studio](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/building-on-the-command-line?view=msvc-170#download-and-install-the-tools) is installed, and run:
 
-### Portability
+```cmd
-
+call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
-By default, pgvector compiles with `-march=native` on some platforms for best performance. However, this can lead to `Illegal instruction` errors if trying to run the compiled extension on a different machine.
-
-To compile for portability, use:
-
-```sh
-make OPTFLAGS=""
 ```
 
-## Installation Notes - Windows
+Note: The exact path will vary depending on your Visual Studio version and edition
 
-### Missing Header
+Then use `nmake` to build:
 
-If compilation fails with `Cannot open include file: 'postgres.h': No such file or directory`, make sure `PGROOT` is correct.
+```cmd
-
+set "PGROOT=C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\15"
-### Permissions
+git clone --branch v0.5.1 https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector.git
-
+cd pgvector
-If installation fails with `Access is denied`, re-run the installation instructions as an administrator.
+nmake /F Makefile.win
+nmake /F Makefile.win install
+```
 
 ## Additional Installation Methods
 
 ### Docker
 
-Get the [Docker image](https://hub.docker.com/r/pgvector/pgvector) with:
+Get the [Docker image](https://hub.docker.com/r/ankane/pgvector) with:
 
 ```sh
-docker pull pgvector/pgvector:pg16
+docker pull ankane/pgvector
 ```
 
-This adds pgvector to the [Postgres image](https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres) (replace `16` with your Postgres server version, and run it the same way).
+This adds pgvector to the [Postgres image](https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres) (run it the same way).
 
 You can also build the image manually:
 
 ```sh
-git clone --branch v0.6.2 https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector.git
+git clone --branch v0.5.1 https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector.git
 cd pgvector
-docker build --build-arg PG_MAJOR=16 -t myuser/pgvector .
+docker build --build-arg PG_MAJOR=15 -t myuser/pgvector .
 ```
 
 ### Homebrew
@@ -1074,37 +627,22 @@ pgxn install vector
 Debian and Ubuntu packages are available from the [PostgreSQL APT Repository](https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Apt). Follow the [setup instructions](https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Apt#Quickstart) and run:
 
 ```sh
-sudo apt install postgresql-16-pgvector
+sudo apt install postgresql-15-pgvector
 ```
 
-Note: Replace `16` with your Postgres server version
+Note: Replace `15` with your Postgres server version
 
 ### Yum
 
 RPM packages are available from the [PostgreSQL Yum Repository](https://yum.postgresql.org/). Follow the [setup instructions](https://www.postgresql.org/download/linux/redhat/) for your distribution and run:
 
 ```sh
-sudo yum install pgvector_16
+sudo yum install pgvector_15
 # or
-sudo dnf install pgvector_16
+sudo dnf install pgvector_15
 ```
 
-Note: Replace `16` with your Postgres server version
+Note: Replace `15` with your Postgres server version
-
-### pkg
-
-Install the FreeBSD package with:
-
-```sh
-pkg install postgresql15-pgvector
-```
-
-or the port with:
-
-```sh
-cd /usr/ports/databases/pgvector
-make install
-```
 
 ### conda-forge
 
@@ -1142,9 +680,7 @@ SELECT extversion FROM pg_extension WHERE extname = 'vector';
 
 ### 0.6.0
 
-#### Postgres 12
+If upgrading with Postgres < 13, remove this line from `sql/vector--0.5.1--0.6.0.sql`:
-
-If upgrading with Postgres 12, remove this line from `sql/vector--0.5.1--0.6.0.sql`:
 
 ```sql
 ALTER TYPE vector SET (STORAGE = external);
@@ -1152,20 +688,28 @@ ALTER TYPE vector SET (STORAGE = external);
 
 Then run `make install` and `ALTER EXTENSION vector UPDATE;`.
 
-#### Docker
+### 0.4.0
 
-The Docker image is now published in the `pgvector` org, and there are tags for each supported version of Postgres (rather than a `latest` tag).
+If upgrading with Postgres < 13, remove this line from `sql/vector--0.3.2--0.4.0.sql`:
 
-```sh
+```sql
-docker pull pgvector/pgvector:pg16
+ALTER TYPE vector SET (STORAGE = extended);
-# or
-docker pull pgvector/pgvector:0.6.0-pg16
 ```
 
-Also, if you’ve increased `maintenance_work_mem`, make sure `--shm-size` is at least that size to avoid an error with parallel HNSW index builds.
+Then run `make install` and `ALTER EXTENSION vector UPDATE;`.
 
-```sh
+### 0.3.1
-docker run --shm-size=1g ...
+
+If upgrading from 0.2.7 or 0.3.0, recreate all `ivfflat` indexes after upgrading to ensure all data is indexed.
+
+```sql
+-- Postgres 12+
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY index_name;
+
+-- Postgres < 12
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY temp_name ON table USING ivfflat (column opclass);
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY index_name;
+ALTER INDEX temp_name RENAME TO index_name;
 ```
 
 ## Thanks
@@ -1211,32 +755,14 @@ make prove_installcheck  # TAP tests
 To run single tests:
 
 ```sh
-make installcheck REGRESS=functions                            # regression test
+make installcheck REGRESS=functions                    # regression test
-make prove_installcheck PROVE_TESTS=test/t/001_ivfflat_wal.pl  # TAP test
+make prove_installcheck PROVE_TESTS=test/t/001_wal.pl  # TAP test
-```
-
-To enable assertions:
-
-```sh
-make clean && PG_CFLAGS="-DUSE_ASSERT_CHECKING" make && make install
 ```
 
 To enable benchmarking:
 
 ```sh
-make clean && PG_CFLAGS="-DIVFFLAT_BENCH" make && make install
+make clean && PG_CFLAGS=-DIVFFLAT_BENCH make && make install
-```
-
-To show memory usage:
-
-```sh
-make clean && PG_CFLAGS="-DHNSW_MEMORY -DIVFFLAT_MEMORY" make && make install
-```
-
-To get k-means metrics:
-
-```sh
-make clean && PG_CFLAGS="-DIVFFLAT_KMEANS_DEBUG" make && make install
 ```
 
 Resources for contributors

sql/vector--0.6.0--0.6.1.sql

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
--- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via CREATE EXTENSION
-\echo Use "ALTER EXTENSION vector UPDATE TO '0.6.1'" to load this file. \quit
-
-DROP OPERATOR - (vector, vector);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR - (
-	LEFTARG = vector, RIGHTARG = vector, PROCEDURE = vector_sub
-);
-
-ALTER OPERATOR <= (vector, vector) SET (
-	RESTRICT = scalarlesel, JOIN = scalarlejoinsel
-);
-
-ALTER OPERATOR >= (vector, vector) SET (
-	RESTRICT = scalargesel, JOIN = scalargejoinsel
-);

sql/vector--0.6.1--0.6.2.sql

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
--- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via CREATE EXTENSION
-\echo Use "ALTER EXTENSION vector UPDATE TO '0.6.2'" to load this file. \quit

sql/vector--0.6.2--0.7.0.sql

@@ -1,569 +0,0 @@
--- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via CREATE EXTENSION
-\echo Use "ALTER EXTENSION vector UPDATE TO '0.7.0'" to load this file. \quit
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_normalize(vector) RETURNS vector
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION binary_quantize(vector) RETURNS bit
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION subvector(vector, int, int) RETURNS vector
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION vector_concat(vector, vector) RETURNS vector
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <+> (
-	LEFTARG = vector, RIGHTARG = vector, PROCEDURE = l1_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<+>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR || (
-	LEFTARG = vector, RIGHTARG = vector, PROCEDURE = vector_concat
-);
-
-CREATE FUNCTION ivfflat_halfvec_support(internal) RETURNS internal
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION ivfflat_bit_support(internal) RETURNS internal
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION hnsw_halfvec_support(internal) RETURNS internal
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION hnsw_bit_support(internal) RETURNS internal
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION hnsw_sparsevec_support(internal) RETURNS internal
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C;
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS vector_l1_ops
-	FOR TYPE vector USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <+> (vector, vector) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 l1_distance(vector, vector);
-
-CREATE TYPE halfvec;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_in(cstring, oid, integer) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_out(halfvec) RETURNS cstring
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_typmod_in(cstring[]) RETURNS integer
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_recv(internal, oid, integer) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_send(halfvec) RETURNS bytea
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE TYPE halfvec (
-	INPUT     = halfvec_in,
-	OUTPUT    = halfvec_out,
-	TYPMOD_IN = halfvec_typmod_in,
-	RECEIVE   = halfvec_recv,
-	SEND      = halfvec_send,
-	STORAGE   = external
-);
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_distance(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_l2_distance' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION inner_product(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_inner_product' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION cosine_distance(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_cosine_distance' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l1_distance(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_l1_distance' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION vector_dims(halfvec) RETURNS integer
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_vector_dims' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_norm(halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_l2_norm' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_normalize(halfvec) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_l2_normalize' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION binary_quantize(halfvec) RETURNS bit
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_binary_quantize' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION subvector(halfvec, int, int) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_subvector' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_add(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_sub(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_mul(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_concat(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_lt(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_le(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_eq(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_ne(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_ge(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_gt(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_cmp(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS int4
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_l2_squared_distance(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_negative_inner_product(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_spherical_distance(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_accum(double precision[], halfvec) RETURNS double precision[]
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_avg(double precision[]) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_combine(double precision[], double precision[]) RETURNS double precision[]
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'vector_combine' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE AGGREGATE avg(halfvec) (
-	SFUNC = halfvec_accum,
-	STYPE = double precision[],
-	FINALFUNC = halfvec_avg,
-	COMBINEFUNC = halfvec_combine,
-	INITCOND = '{0}',
-	PARALLEL = SAFE
-);
-
-CREATE AGGREGATE sum(halfvec) (
-	SFUNC = halfvec_add,
-	STYPE = halfvec,
-	COMBINEFUNC = halfvec_add,
-	PARALLEL = SAFE
-);
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec(halfvec, integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_to_vector(halfvec, integer, boolean) RETURNS vector
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION vector_to_halfvec(vector, integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(integer[], integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(real[], integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(double precision[], integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(numeric[], integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_to_float4(halfvec, integer, boolean) RETURNS real[]
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE CAST (halfvec AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION halfvec(halfvec, integer, boolean) AS IMPLICIT;
-
-CREATE CAST (halfvec AS vector)
-	WITH FUNCTION halfvec_to_vector(halfvec, integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (vector AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION vector_to_halfvec(vector, integer, boolean) AS IMPLICIT;
-
-CREATE CAST (halfvec AS real[])
-	WITH FUNCTION halfvec_to_float4(halfvec, integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (integer[] AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(integer[], integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (real[] AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(real[], integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (double precision[] AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(double precision[], integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (numeric[] AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(numeric[], integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <-> (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = l2_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<->'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <#> (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_negative_inner_product,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<#>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <=> (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = cosine_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<=>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <+> (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = l1_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<+>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR + (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_add,
-	COMMUTATOR = +
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR - (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_sub
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR * (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_mul,
-	COMMUTATOR = *
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR || (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_concat
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR < (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_lt,
-	COMMUTATOR = > , NEGATOR = >= ,
-	RESTRICT = scalarltsel, JOIN = scalarltjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <= (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_le,
-	COMMUTATOR = >= , NEGATOR = > ,
-	RESTRICT = scalarlesel, JOIN = scalarlejoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR = (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_eq,
-	COMMUTATOR = = , NEGATOR = <> ,
-	RESTRICT = eqsel, JOIN = eqjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <> (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_ne,
-	COMMUTATOR = <> , NEGATOR = = ,
-	RESTRICT = eqsel, JOIN = eqjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR >= (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_ge,
-	COMMUTATOR = <= , NEGATOR = < ,
-	RESTRICT = scalargesel, JOIN = scalargejoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR > (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_gt,
-	COMMUTATOR = < , NEGATOR = <= ,
-	RESTRICT = scalargtsel, JOIN = scalargtjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_ops
-	DEFAULT FOR TYPE halfvec USING btree AS
-	OPERATOR 1 < ,
-	OPERATOR 2 <= ,
-	OPERATOR 3 = ,
-	OPERATOR 4 >= ,
-	OPERATOR 5 > ,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_cmp(halfvec, halfvec);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_l2_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING ivfflat AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <-> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_l2_squared_distance(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 l2_distance(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 5 ivfflat_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_ip_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING ivfflat AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <#> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_negative_inner_product(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 halfvec_spherical_distance(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 4 l2_norm(halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 5 ivfflat_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_cosine_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING ivfflat AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <=> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_negative_inner_product(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 2 l2_norm(halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 halfvec_spherical_distance(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 4 l2_norm(halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 5 ivfflat_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_l2_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <-> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_l2_squared_distance(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_ip_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <#> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_negative_inner_product(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_cosine_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <=> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_negative_inner_product(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 2 l2_norm(halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_l1_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <+> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 l1_distance(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE FUNCTION hamming_distance(bit, bit) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION jaccard_distance(bit, bit) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <~> (
-	LEFTARG = bit, RIGHTARG = bit, PROCEDURE = hamming_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<~>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <%> (
-	LEFTARG = bit, RIGHTARG = bit, PROCEDURE = jaccard_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<%>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS bit_hamming_ops
-	FOR TYPE bit USING ivfflat AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <~> (bit, bit) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 hamming_distance(bit, bit),
-	FUNCTION 3 hamming_distance(bit, bit),
-	FUNCTION 5 ivfflat_bit_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS bit_hamming_ops
-	FOR TYPE bit USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <~> (bit, bit) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 hamming_distance(bit, bit),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_bit_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS bit_jaccard_ops
-	FOR TYPE bit USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <%> (bit, bit) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 jaccard_distance(bit, bit),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_bit_support(internal);
-
-CREATE TYPE sparsevec;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_in(cstring, oid, integer) RETURNS sparsevec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_out(sparsevec) RETURNS cstring
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_typmod_in(cstring[]) RETURNS integer
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_recv(internal, oid, integer) RETURNS sparsevec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_send(sparsevec) RETURNS bytea
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE TYPE sparsevec (
-	INPUT     = sparsevec_in,
-	OUTPUT    = sparsevec_out,
-	TYPMOD_IN = sparsevec_typmod_in,
-	RECEIVE   = sparsevec_recv,
-	SEND      = sparsevec_send,
-	STORAGE   = external
-);
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'sparsevec_l2_distance' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION inner_product(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'sparsevec_inner_product' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION cosine_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'sparsevec_cosine_distance' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l1_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'sparsevec_l1_distance' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_norm(sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'sparsevec_l2_norm' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_normalize(sparsevec) RETURNS sparsevec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'sparsevec_l2_normalize' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_lt(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_le(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_eq(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_ne(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_ge(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_gt(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_cmp(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS int4
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_l2_squared_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_negative_inner_product(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec(sparsevec, integer, boolean) RETURNS sparsevec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION vector_to_sparsevec(vector, integer, boolean) RETURNS sparsevec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_to_vector(sparsevec, integer, boolean) RETURNS vector
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_to_sparsevec(halfvec, integer, boolean) RETURNS sparsevec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_to_halfvec(sparsevec, integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE CAST (sparsevec AS sparsevec)
-	WITH FUNCTION sparsevec(sparsevec, integer, boolean) AS IMPLICIT;
-
-CREATE CAST (sparsevec AS vector)
-	WITH FUNCTION sparsevec_to_vector(sparsevec, integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (vector AS sparsevec)
-	WITH FUNCTION vector_to_sparsevec(vector, integer, boolean) AS IMPLICIT;
-
-CREATE CAST (sparsevec AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION sparsevec_to_halfvec(sparsevec, integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (halfvec AS sparsevec)
-	WITH FUNCTION halfvec_to_sparsevec(halfvec, integer, boolean) AS IMPLICIT;
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <-> (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = l2_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<->'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <#> (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_negative_inner_product,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<#>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <=> (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = cosine_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<=>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <+> (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = l1_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<+>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR < (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_lt,
-	COMMUTATOR = > , NEGATOR = >= ,
-	RESTRICT = scalarltsel, JOIN = scalarltjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <= (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_le,
-	COMMUTATOR = >= , NEGATOR = > ,
-	RESTRICT = scalarlesel, JOIN = scalarlejoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR = (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_eq,
-	COMMUTATOR = = , NEGATOR = <> ,
-	RESTRICT = eqsel, JOIN = eqjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <> (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_ne,
-	COMMUTATOR = <> , NEGATOR = = ,
-	RESTRICT = eqsel, JOIN = eqjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR >= (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_ge,
-	COMMUTATOR = <= , NEGATOR = < ,
-	RESTRICT = scalargesel, JOIN = scalargejoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR > (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_gt,
-	COMMUTATOR = < , NEGATOR = <= ,
-	RESTRICT = scalargtsel, JOIN = scalargtjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS sparsevec_ops
-	DEFAULT FOR TYPE sparsevec USING btree AS
-	OPERATOR 1 < ,
-	OPERATOR 2 <= ,
-	OPERATOR 3 = ,
-	OPERATOR 4 >= ,
-	OPERATOR 5 > ,
-	FUNCTION 1 sparsevec_cmp(sparsevec, sparsevec);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS sparsevec_l2_ops
-	FOR TYPE sparsevec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <-> (sparsevec, sparsevec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 sparsevec_l2_squared_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_sparsevec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS sparsevec_ip_ops
-	FOR TYPE sparsevec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <#> (sparsevec, sparsevec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 sparsevec_negative_inner_product(sparsevec, sparsevec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_sparsevec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS sparsevec_cosine_ops
-	FOR TYPE sparsevec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <=> (sparsevec, sparsevec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 sparsevec_negative_inner_product(sparsevec, sparsevec),
-	FUNCTION 2 l2_norm(sparsevec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_sparsevec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS sparsevec_l1_ops
-	FOR TYPE sparsevec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <+> (sparsevec, sparsevec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 l1_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_sparsevec_support(internal);

sql/vector.sql

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 -- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via CREATE EXTENSION
 \echo Use "CREATE EXTENSION vector" to load this file. \quit
 
--- vector type
+-- type
 
 CREATE TYPE vector;
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ CREATE TYPE vector (
 	STORAGE   = external
 );
 
--- vector functions
+-- functions
 
 CREATE FUNCTION l2_distance(vector, vector) RETURNS float8
 	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
@@ -49,17 +49,6 @@ CREATE FUNCTION vector_dims(vector) RETURNS integer
 CREATE FUNCTION vector_norm(vector) RETURNS float8
 	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
 
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_normalize(vector) RETURNS vector
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION binary_quantize(vector) RETURNS bit
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION subvector(vector, int, int) RETURNS vector
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
--- vector private functions
-
 CREATE FUNCTION vector_add(vector, vector) RETURNS vector
 	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
 
@@ -69,8 +58,7 @@ CREATE FUNCTION vector_sub(vector, vector) RETURNS vector
 CREATE FUNCTION vector_mul(vector, vector) RETURNS vector
 	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
 
-CREATE FUNCTION vector_concat(vector, vector) RETURNS vector
+-- private functions
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
 
 CREATE FUNCTION vector_lt(vector, vector) RETURNS bool
 	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
@@ -111,7 +99,7 @@ CREATE FUNCTION vector_avg(double precision[]) RETURNS vector
 CREATE FUNCTION vector_combine(double precision[], double precision[]) RETURNS double precision[]
 	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
 
--- vector aggregates
+-- aggregates
 
 CREATE AGGREGATE avg(vector) (
 	SFUNC = vector_accum,
@@ -129,7 +117,7 @@ CREATE AGGREGATE sum(vector) (
 	PARALLEL = SAFE
 );
 
--- vector cast functions
+-- cast functions
 
 CREATE FUNCTION vector(vector, integer, boolean) RETURNS vector
 	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
@@ -149,7 +137,7 @@ CREATE FUNCTION array_to_vector(numeric[], integer, boolean) RETURNS vector
 CREATE FUNCTION vector_to_float4(vector, integer, boolean) RETURNS real[]
 	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
 
--- vector casts
+-- casts
 
 CREATE CAST (vector AS vector)
 	WITH FUNCTION vector(vector, integer, boolean) AS IMPLICIT;
@@ -169,7 +157,7 @@ CREATE CAST (double precision[] AS vector)
 CREATE CAST (numeric[] AS vector)
 	WITH FUNCTION array_to_vector(numeric[], integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
 
--- vector operators
+-- operators
 
 CREATE OPERATOR <-> (
 	LEFTARG = vector, RIGHTARG = vector, PROCEDURE = l2_distance,
@@ -186,18 +174,14 @@ CREATE OPERATOR <=> (
 	COMMUTATOR = '<=>'
 );
 
-CREATE OPERATOR <+> (
-	LEFTARG = vector, RIGHTARG = vector, PROCEDURE = l1_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<+>'
-);
-
 CREATE OPERATOR + (
 	LEFTARG = vector, RIGHTARG = vector, PROCEDURE = vector_add,
 	COMMUTATOR = +
 );
 
 CREATE OPERATOR - (
-	LEFTARG = vector, RIGHTARG = vector, PROCEDURE = vector_sub
+	LEFTARG = vector, RIGHTARG = vector, PROCEDURE = vector_sub,
+	COMMUTATOR = -
 );
 
 CREATE OPERATOR * (
@@ -205,20 +189,17 @@ CREATE OPERATOR * (
 	COMMUTATOR = *
 );
 
-CREATE OPERATOR || (
-	LEFTARG = vector, RIGHTARG = vector, PROCEDURE = vector_concat
-);
-
 CREATE OPERATOR < (
 	LEFTARG = vector, RIGHTARG = vector, PROCEDURE = vector_lt,
 	COMMUTATOR = > , NEGATOR = >= ,
 	RESTRICT = scalarltsel, JOIN = scalarltjoinsel
 );
 
+-- should use scalarlesel and scalarlejoinsel, but not supported in Postgres < 11
 CREATE OPERATOR <= (
 	LEFTARG = vector, RIGHTARG = vector, PROCEDURE = vector_le,
 	COMMUTATOR = >= , NEGATOR = > ,
-	RESTRICT = scalarlesel, JOIN = scalarlejoinsel
+	RESTRICT = scalarltsel, JOIN = scalarltjoinsel
 );
 
 CREATE OPERATOR = (
@@ -233,10 +214,11 @@ CREATE OPERATOR <> (
 	RESTRICT = eqsel, JOIN = eqjoinsel
 );
 
+-- should use scalargesel and scalargejoinsel, but not supported in Postgres < 11
 CREATE OPERATOR >= (
 	LEFTARG = vector, RIGHTARG = vector, PROCEDURE = vector_ge,
 	COMMUTATOR = <= , NEGATOR = < ,
-	RESTRICT = scalargesel, JOIN = scalargejoinsel
+	RESTRICT = scalargtsel, JOIN = scalargtjoinsel
 );
 
 CREATE OPERATOR > (
@@ -261,24 +243,7 @@ CREATE ACCESS METHOD hnsw TYPE INDEX HANDLER hnswhandler;
 
 COMMENT ON ACCESS METHOD hnsw IS 'hnsw index access method';
 
--- access method private functions
+-- opclasses
-
-CREATE FUNCTION ivfflat_halfvec_support(internal) RETURNS internal
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION ivfflat_bit_support(internal) RETURNS internal
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION hnsw_halfvec_support(internal) RETURNS internal
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION hnsw_bit_support(internal) RETURNS internal
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION hnsw_sparsevec_support(internal) RETURNS internal
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C;
-
--- vector opclasses
 
 CREATE OPERATOR CLASS vector_ops
 	DEFAULT FOR TYPE vector USING btree AS
@@ -325,570 +290,3 @@ CREATE OPERATOR CLASS vector_cosine_ops
 	OPERATOR 1 <=> (vector, vector) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
 	FUNCTION 1 vector_negative_inner_product(vector, vector),
 	FUNCTION 2 vector_norm(vector);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS vector_l1_ops
-	FOR TYPE vector USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <+> (vector, vector) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 l1_distance(vector, vector);
-
--- halfvec type
-
-CREATE TYPE halfvec;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_in(cstring, oid, integer) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_out(halfvec) RETURNS cstring
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_typmod_in(cstring[]) RETURNS integer
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_recv(internal, oid, integer) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_send(halfvec) RETURNS bytea
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE TYPE halfvec (
-	INPUT     = halfvec_in,
-	OUTPUT    = halfvec_out,
-	TYPMOD_IN = halfvec_typmod_in,
-	RECEIVE   = halfvec_recv,
-	SEND      = halfvec_send,
-	STORAGE   = external
-);
-
--- halfvec functions
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_distance(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_l2_distance' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION inner_product(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_inner_product' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION cosine_distance(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_cosine_distance' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l1_distance(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_l1_distance' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION vector_dims(halfvec) RETURNS integer
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_vector_dims' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_norm(halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_l2_norm' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_normalize(halfvec) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_l2_normalize' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION binary_quantize(halfvec) RETURNS bit
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_binary_quantize' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION subvector(halfvec, int, int) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'halfvec_subvector' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
--- halfvec private functions
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_add(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_sub(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_mul(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_concat(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_lt(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_le(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_eq(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_ne(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_ge(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_gt(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_cmp(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS int4
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_l2_squared_distance(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_negative_inner_product(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_spherical_distance(halfvec, halfvec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_accum(double precision[], halfvec) RETURNS double precision[]
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_avg(double precision[]) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_combine(double precision[], double precision[]) RETURNS double precision[]
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'vector_combine' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
--- halfvec aggregates
-
-CREATE AGGREGATE avg(halfvec) (
-	SFUNC = halfvec_accum,
-	STYPE = double precision[],
-	FINALFUNC = halfvec_avg,
-	COMBINEFUNC = halfvec_combine,
-	INITCOND = '{0}',
-	PARALLEL = SAFE
-);
-
-CREATE AGGREGATE sum(halfvec) (
-	SFUNC = halfvec_add,
-	STYPE = halfvec,
-	COMBINEFUNC = halfvec_add,
-	PARALLEL = SAFE
-);
-
--- halfvec cast functions
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec(halfvec, integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_to_vector(halfvec, integer, boolean) RETURNS vector
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION vector_to_halfvec(vector, integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(integer[], integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(real[], integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(double precision[], integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(numeric[], integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_to_float4(halfvec, integer, boolean) RETURNS real[]
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
--- halfvec casts
-
-CREATE CAST (halfvec AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION halfvec(halfvec, integer, boolean) AS IMPLICIT;
-
-CREATE CAST (halfvec AS vector)
-	WITH FUNCTION halfvec_to_vector(halfvec, integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (vector AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION vector_to_halfvec(vector, integer, boolean) AS IMPLICIT;
-
-CREATE CAST (halfvec AS real[])
-	WITH FUNCTION halfvec_to_float4(halfvec, integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (integer[] AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(integer[], integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (real[] AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(real[], integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (double precision[] AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(double precision[], integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (numeric[] AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION array_to_halfvec(numeric[], integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
--- halfvec operators
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <-> (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = l2_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<->'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <#> (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_negative_inner_product,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<#>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <=> (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = cosine_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<=>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <+> (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = l1_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<+>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR + (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_add,
-	COMMUTATOR = +
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR - (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_sub
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR * (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_mul,
-	COMMUTATOR = *
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR || (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_concat
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR < (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_lt,
-	COMMUTATOR = > , NEGATOR = >= ,
-	RESTRICT = scalarltsel, JOIN = scalarltjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <= (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_le,
-	COMMUTATOR = >= , NEGATOR = > ,
-	RESTRICT = scalarlesel, JOIN = scalarlejoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR = (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_eq,
-	COMMUTATOR = = , NEGATOR = <> ,
-	RESTRICT = eqsel, JOIN = eqjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <> (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_ne,
-	COMMUTATOR = <> , NEGATOR = = ,
-	RESTRICT = eqsel, JOIN = eqjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR >= (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_ge,
-	COMMUTATOR = <= , NEGATOR = < ,
-	RESTRICT = scalargesel, JOIN = scalargejoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR > (
-	LEFTARG = halfvec, RIGHTARG = halfvec, PROCEDURE = halfvec_gt,
-	COMMUTATOR = < , NEGATOR = <= ,
-	RESTRICT = scalargtsel, JOIN = scalargtjoinsel
-);
-
--- halfvec opclasses
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_ops
-	DEFAULT FOR TYPE halfvec USING btree AS
-	OPERATOR 1 < ,
-	OPERATOR 2 <= ,
-	OPERATOR 3 = ,
-	OPERATOR 4 >= ,
-	OPERATOR 5 > ,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_cmp(halfvec, halfvec);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_l2_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING ivfflat AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <-> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_l2_squared_distance(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 l2_distance(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 5 ivfflat_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_ip_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING ivfflat AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <#> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_negative_inner_product(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 halfvec_spherical_distance(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 4 l2_norm(halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 5 ivfflat_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_cosine_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING ivfflat AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <=> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_negative_inner_product(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 2 l2_norm(halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 halfvec_spherical_distance(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 4 l2_norm(halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 5 ivfflat_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_l2_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <-> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_l2_squared_distance(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_ip_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <#> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_negative_inner_product(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_cosine_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <=> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 halfvec_negative_inner_product(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 2 l2_norm(halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_halfvec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS halfvec_l1_ops
-	FOR TYPE halfvec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <+> (halfvec, halfvec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 l1_distance(halfvec, halfvec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_halfvec_support(internal);
-
--- bit functions
-
-CREATE FUNCTION hamming_distance(bit, bit) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION jaccard_distance(bit, bit) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
--- bit operators
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <~> (
-	LEFTARG = bit, RIGHTARG = bit, PROCEDURE = hamming_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<~>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <%> (
-	LEFTARG = bit, RIGHTARG = bit, PROCEDURE = jaccard_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<%>'
-);
-
--- bit opclasses
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS bit_hamming_ops
-	FOR TYPE bit USING ivfflat AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <~> (bit, bit) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 hamming_distance(bit, bit),
-	FUNCTION 3 hamming_distance(bit, bit),
-	FUNCTION 5 ivfflat_bit_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS bit_hamming_ops
-	FOR TYPE bit USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <~> (bit, bit) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 hamming_distance(bit, bit),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_bit_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS bit_jaccard_ops
-	FOR TYPE bit USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <%> (bit, bit) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 jaccard_distance(bit, bit),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_bit_support(internal);
-
---- sparsevec type
-
-CREATE TYPE sparsevec;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_in(cstring, oid, integer) RETURNS sparsevec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_out(sparsevec) RETURNS cstring
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_typmod_in(cstring[]) RETURNS integer
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_recv(internal, oid, integer) RETURNS sparsevec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_send(sparsevec) RETURNS bytea
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE TYPE sparsevec (
-	INPUT     = sparsevec_in,
-	OUTPUT    = sparsevec_out,
-	TYPMOD_IN = sparsevec_typmod_in,
-	RECEIVE   = sparsevec_recv,
-	SEND      = sparsevec_send,
-	STORAGE   = external
-);
-
--- sparsevec functions
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'sparsevec_l2_distance' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION inner_product(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'sparsevec_inner_product' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION cosine_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'sparsevec_cosine_distance' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l1_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'sparsevec_l1_distance' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_norm(sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'sparsevec_l2_norm' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION l2_normalize(sparsevec) RETURNS sparsevec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'sparsevec_l2_normalize' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
--- sparsevec private functions
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_lt(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_le(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_eq(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_ne(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_ge(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_gt(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS bool
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_cmp(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS int4
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_l2_squared_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_negative_inner_product(sparsevec, sparsevec) RETURNS float8
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
--- sparsevec cast functions
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec(sparsevec, integer, boolean) RETURNS sparsevec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION vector_to_sparsevec(vector, integer, boolean) RETURNS sparsevec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_to_vector(sparsevec, integer, boolean) RETURNS vector
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION halfvec_to_sparsevec(halfvec, integer, boolean) RETURNS sparsevec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION sparsevec_to_halfvec(sparsevec, integer, boolean) RETURNS halfvec
-	AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-
--- sparsevec casts
-
-CREATE CAST (sparsevec AS sparsevec)
-	WITH FUNCTION sparsevec(sparsevec, integer, boolean) AS IMPLICIT;
-
-CREATE CAST (sparsevec AS vector)
-	WITH FUNCTION sparsevec_to_vector(sparsevec, integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (vector AS sparsevec)
-	WITH FUNCTION vector_to_sparsevec(vector, integer, boolean) AS IMPLICIT;
-
-CREATE CAST (sparsevec AS halfvec)
-	WITH FUNCTION sparsevec_to_halfvec(sparsevec, integer, boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
-
-CREATE CAST (halfvec AS sparsevec)
-	WITH FUNCTION halfvec_to_sparsevec(halfvec, integer, boolean) AS IMPLICIT;
-
--- sparsevec operators
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <-> (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = l2_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<->'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <#> (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_negative_inner_product,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<#>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <=> (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = cosine_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<=>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <+> (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = l1_distance,
-	COMMUTATOR = '<+>'
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR < (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_lt,
-	COMMUTATOR = > , NEGATOR = >= ,
-	RESTRICT = scalarltsel, JOIN = scalarltjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <= (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_le,
-	COMMUTATOR = >= , NEGATOR = > ,
-	RESTRICT = scalarlesel, JOIN = scalarlejoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR = (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_eq,
-	COMMUTATOR = = , NEGATOR = <> ,
-	RESTRICT = eqsel, JOIN = eqjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR <> (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_ne,
-	COMMUTATOR = <> , NEGATOR = = ,
-	RESTRICT = eqsel, JOIN = eqjoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR >= (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_ge,
-	COMMUTATOR = <= , NEGATOR = < ,
-	RESTRICT = scalargesel, JOIN = scalargejoinsel
-);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR > (
-	LEFTARG = sparsevec, RIGHTARG = sparsevec, PROCEDURE = sparsevec_gt,
-	COMMUTATOR = < , NEGATOR = <= ,
-	RESTRICT = scalargtsel, JOIN = scalargtjoinsel
-);
-
--- sparsevec opclasses
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS sparsevec_ops
-	DEFAULT FOR TYPE sparsevec USING btree AS
-	OPERATOR 1 < ,
-	OPERATOR 2 <= ,
-	OPERATOR 3 = ,
-	OPERATOR 4 >= ,
-	OPERATOR 5 > ,
-	FUNCTION 1 sparsevec_cmp(sparsevec, sparsevec);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS sparsevec_l2_ops
-	FOR TYPE sparsevec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <-> (sparsevec, sparsevec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 sparsevec_l2_squared_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_sparsevec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS sparsevec_ip_ops
-	FOR TYPE sparsevec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <#> (sparsevec, sparsevec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 sparsevec_negative_inner_product(sparsevec, sparsevec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_sparsevec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS sparsevec_cosine_ops
-	FOR TYPE sparsevec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <=> (sparsevec, sparsevec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 sparsevec_negative_inner_product(sparsevec, sparsevec),
-	FUNCTION 2 l2_norm(sparsevec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_sparsevec_support(internal);
-
-CREATE OPERATOR CLASS sparsevec_l1_ops
-	FOR TYPE sparsevec USING hnsw AS
-	OPERATOR 1 <+> (sparsevec, sparsevec) FOR ORDER BY float_ops,
-	FUNCTION 1 l1_distance(sparsevec, sparsevec),
-	FUNCTION 3 hnsw_sparsevec_support(internal);

src/bitutils.c

@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-#include "postgres.h"
-
-#include "bitutils.h"
-#include "halfvec.h"			/* for USE_DISPATCH and USE_TARGET_CLONES */
-#include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
-
-#if defined(USE_DISPATCH)
-#define BIT_DISPATCH
-#endif
-
-#ifdef BIT_DISPATCH
-#include <immintrin.h>
-
-#if defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID)
-#include <cpuid.h>
-#else
-#include <intrin.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#define TARGET_AVX512_POPCOUNT
-#else
-#define TARGET_AVX512_POPCOUNT __attribute__((target("avx512f,avx512vpopcntdq")))
-#endif
-#endif
-
-/* Disable for LLVM due to crash with bitcode generation */
-#if defined(USE_TARGET_CLONES) && !defined(__POPCNT__) && !defined(__llvm__)
-#define BIT_TARGET_CLONES __attribute__((target_clones("default", "popcnt")))
-#else
-#define BIT_TARGET_CLONES
-#endif
-
-/* Use built-ins when possible for inlining */
-#if defined(HAVE__BUILTIN_POPCOUNT) && defined(HAVE_LONG_INT_64)
-#define popcount64(x) __builtin_popcountl(x)
-#elif defined(HAVE__BUILTIN_POPCOUNT) && defined(HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64)
-#define popcount64(x) __builtin_popcountll(x)
-#elif !defined(_MSC_VER)
-/* Fails to resolve with MSVC */
-#define popcount64(x) pg_popcount64(x)
-#endif
-
-uint64		(*BitHammingDistance) (uint32 bytes, unsigned char *ax, unsigned char *bx, uint64 distance);
-double		(*BitJaccardDistance) (uint32 bytes, unsigned char *ax, unsigned char *bx, uint64 ab, uint64 aa, uint64 bb);
-
-BIT_TARGET_CLONES static uint64
-BitHammingDistanceDefault(uint32 bytes, unsigned char *ax, unsigned char *bx, uint64 distance)
-{
-#ifdef popcount64
-	for (; bytes >= sizeof(uint64); bytes -= sizeof(uint64))
-	{
-		uint64		axs;
-		uint64		bxs;
-
-		/* Ensure aligned */
-		memcpy(&axs, ax, sizeof(uint64));
-		memcpy(&bxs, bx, sizeof(uint64));
-
-		distance += popcount64(axs ^ bxs);
-
-		ax += sizeof(uint64);
-		bx += sizeof(uint64);
-	}
-#endif
-
-	for (uint32 i = 0; i < bytes; i++)
-		distance += pg_number_of_ones[ax[i] ^ bx[i]];
-
-	return distance;
-}
-
-#ifdef BIT_DISPATCH
-TARGET_AVX512_POPCOUNT static uint64
-BitHammingDistanceAvx512Popcount(uint32 bytes, unsigned char *ax, unsigned char *bx, uint64 distance)
-{
-	__m512i		dist = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-
-	for (; bytes >= sizeof(__m512i); bytes -= sizeof(__m512i))
-	{
-		__m512i		axs = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *) ax);
-		__m512i		bxs = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *) bx);
-
-		dist = _mm512_add_epi64(dist, _mm512_popcnt_epi64(_mm512_xor_si512(axs, bxs)));
-
-		ax += sizeof(__m512i);
-		bx += sizeof(__m512i);
-	}
-
-	distance += _mm512_reduce_add_epi64(dist);
-
-	return BitHammingDistanceDefault(bytes, ax, bx, distance);
-}
-#endif
-
-BIT_TARGET_CLONES static double
-BitJaccardDistanceDefault(uint32 bytes, unsigned char *ax, unsigned char *bx, uint64 ab, uint64 aa, uint64 bb)
-{
-#ifdef popcount64
-	for (; bytes >= sizeof(uint64); bytes -= sizeof(uint64))
-	{
-		uint64		axs;
-		uint64		bxs;
-
-		/* Ensure aligned */
-		memcpy(&axs, ax, sizeof(uint64));
-		memcpy(&bxs, bx, sizeof(uint64));
-
-		ab += popcount64(axs & bxs);
-		aa += popcount64(axs);
-		bb += popcount64(bxs);
-
-		ax += sizeof(uint64);
-		bx += sizeof(uint64);
-	}
-#endif
-
-	for (uint32 i = 0; i < bytes; i++)
-	{
-		ab += pg_number_of_ones[ax[i] & bx[i]];
-		aa += pg_number_of_ones[ax[i]];
-		bb += pg_number_of_ones[bx[i]];
-	}
-
-	if (ab == 0)
-		return 1;
-	else
-		return 1 - (ab / ((double) (aa + bb - ab)));
-}
-
-#ifdef BIT_DISPATCH
-TARGET_AVX512_POPCOUNT static double
-BitJaccardDistanceAvx512Popcount(uint32 bytes, unsigned char *ax, unsigned char *bx, uint64 ab, uint64 aa, uint64 bb)
-{
-	__m512i		abx = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-	__m512i		aax = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-	__m512i		bbx = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-
-	for (; bytes >= sizeof(__m512i); bytes -= sizeof(__m512i))
-	{
-		__m512i		axs = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *) ax);
-		__m512i		bxs = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *) bx);
-
-		abx = _mm512_add_epi64(abx, _mm512_popcnt_epi64(_mm512_and_si512(axs, bxs)));
-		aax = _mm512_add_epi64(aax, _mm512_popcnt_epi64(axs));
-		bbx = _mm512_add_epi64(bbx, _mm512_popcnt_epi64(bxs));
-
-		ax += sizeof(__m512i);
-		bx += sizeof(__m512i);
-	}
-
-	ab += _mm512_reduce_add_epi64(abx);
-	aa += _mm512_reduce_add_epi64(aax);
-	bb += _mm512_reduce_add_epi64(bbx);
-
-	return BitJaccardDistanceDefault(bytes, ax, bx, ab, aa, bb);
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef BIT_DISPATCH
-#define CPU_FEATURE_OSXSAVE         (1 << 27)	/* F1 ECX */
-#define CPU_FEATURE_AVX512F         (1 << 16)	/* F7,0 EBX */
-#define CPU_FEATURE_AVX512VPOPCNTDQ (1 << 14)	/* F7,0 ECX */
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#define TARGET_XSAVE
-#else
-#define TARGET_XSAVE __attribute__((target("xsave")))
-#endif
-
-TARGET_XSAVE static bool
-SupportsAvx512Popcount()
-{
-	unsigned int exx[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-
-#if defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID)
-	__get_cpuid(1, &exx[0], &exx[1], &exx[2], &exx[3]);
-#else
-	__cpuid(exx, 1);
-#endif
-
-	/* Check OS supports XSAVE */
-	if ((exx[2] & CPU_FEATURE_OSXSAVE) != CPU_FEATURE_OSXSAVE)
-		return false;
-
-	/* Check XMM, YMM, and ZMM registers are enabled */
-	if ((_xgetbv(0) & 0xe6) != 0xe6)
-		return false;
-
-#if defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID)
-	__get_cpuid_count(7, 0, &exx[0], &exx[1], &exx[2], &exx[3]);
-#else
-	__cpuidex(exx, 7, 0);
-#endif
-
-	/* Check AVX512F */
-	if ((exx[1] & CPU_FEATURE_AVX512F) != CPU_FEATURE_AVX512F)
-		return false;
-
-	/* Check AVX512VPOPCNTDQ */
-	return (exx[2] & CPU_FEATURE_AVX512VPOPCNTDQ) == CPU_FEATURE_AVX512VPOPCNTDQ;
-}
-#endif
-
-void
-BitvecInit(void)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Could skip pointer when single function, but no difference in
-	 * performance
-	 */
-	BitHammingDistance = BitHammingDistanceDefault;
-	BitJaccardDistance = BitJaccardDistanceDefault;
-
-#ifdef BIT_DISPATCH
-	if (SupportsAvx512Popcount())
-	{
-		BitHammingDistance = BitHammingDistanceAvx512Popcount;
-		BitJaccardDistance = BitJaccardDistanceAvx512Popcount;
-	}
-#endif
-}

src/bitutils.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef BITUTILS_H
-#define BITUTILS_H
-
-#include "postgres.h"
-
-/* Check version in first header */
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 120000
-#error "Requires PostgreSQL 12+"
-#endif
-
-extern uint64 (*BitHammingDistance) (uint32 bytes, unsigned char *ax, unsigned char *bx, uint64 distance);
-extern double (*BitJaccardDistance) (uint32 bytes, unsigned char *ax, unsigned char *bx, uint64 ab, uint64 aa, uint64 bb);
-
-void		BitvecInit(void);
-
-#endif

src/bitvec.c

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-#include "postgres.h"
-
-#include "bitutils.h"
-#include "bitvec.h"
-#include "utils/varbit.h"
-
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 160000
-#include "varatt.h"
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Allocate and initialize a new bit vector
- */
-VarBit *
-InitBitVector(int dim)
-{
-	VarBit	   *result;
-	int			size;
-
-	size = VARBITTOTALLEN(dim);
-	result = (VarBit *) palloc0(size);
-	SET_VARSIZE(result, size);
-	VARBITLEN(result) = dim;
-
-	return result;
-}
-
-/*
- * Ensure same dimensions
- */
-static inline void
-CheckDims(VarBit *a, VarBit *b)
-{
-	if (VARBITLEN(a) != VARBITLEN(b))
-		ereport(ERROR,
-				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATA_EXCEPTION),
-				 errmsg("different bit lengths %u and %u", VARBITLEN(a), VARBITLEN(b))));
-}
-
-/*
- * Get the Hamming distance between two bit vectors
- */
-PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(hamming_distance);
-Datum
-hamming_distance(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	VarBit	   *a = PG_GETARG_VARBIT_P(0);
-	VarBit	   *b = PG_GETARG_VARBIT_P(1);
-
-	CheckDims(a, b);
-
-	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((double) BitHammingDistance(VARBITBYTES(a), VARBITS(a), VARBITS(b), 0));
-}
-
-/*
- * Get the Jaccard distance between two bit vectors
- */
-PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(jaccard_distance);
-Datum
-jaccard_distance(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	VarBit	   *a = PG_GETARG_VARBIT_P(0);
-	VarBit	   *b = PG_GETARG_VARBIT_P(1);
-
-	CheckDims(a, b);
-
-	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(BitJaccardDistance(VARBITBYTES(a), VARBITS(a), VARBITS(b), 0, 0, 0));
-}

src/bitvec.h

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef BITVEC_H
-#define BITVEC_H
-
-#include "utils/varbit.h"
-
-VarBit	   *InitBitVector(int dim);
-
-#endif

src/halfutils.c

@@ -1,319 +0,0 @@
-#include "postgres.h"
-
-#include <arm_neon.h>
-
-#include "halfutils.h"
-#include "halfvec.h"
-
-#ifdef HALFVEC_DISPATCH
-#include <immintrin.h>
-
-#if defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID)
-#include <cpuid.h>
-#else
-#include <intrin.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#define TARGET_F16C
-#else
-#define TARGET_F16C __attribute__((target("avx,f16c,fma")))
-#endif
-#endif
-
-float		(*HalfvecL2SquaredDistance) (int dim, half * ax, half * bx);
-float		(*HalfvecInnerProduct) (int dim, half * ax, half * bx);
-double		(*HalfvecCosineSimilarity) (int dim, half * ax, half * bx);
-float		(*HalfvecL1Distance) (int dim, half * ax, half * bx);
-
-static float
-HalfvecL2SquaredDistanceDefault(int dim, half * ax, half * bx)
-{
-	float		distance = 0.0;
-	int			i = 0;
-
-/* TODO Improve */
-#ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC
-	int			count = (dim / 8) * 8;
-	float32x4_t dist = vmovq_n_f32(0);
-
-	for (; i < count; i += 8)
-	{
-		float16x8_t axs = vld1q_f16((const __fp16 *) (ax + i));
-		float16x8_t bxs = vld1q_f16((const __fp16 *) (bx + i));
-		float16x8_t diff = vsubq_f16(axs, bxs);
-
-		dist = vfmlalq_low_f16(dist, diff, diff);
-		dist = vfmlalq_high_f16(dist, diff, diff);
-	}
-
-	distance += vaddvq_f32(dist);
-#endif
-
-	/* Auto-vectorized */
-	for (; i < dim; i++)
-	{
-		float		diff = HalfToFloat4(ax[i]) - HalfToFloat4(bx[i]);
-
-		distance += diff * diff;
-	}
-
-	return distance;
-}
-
-#ifdef HALFVEC_DISPATCH
-TARGET_F16C static float
-HalfvecL2SquaredDistanceF16c(int dim, half * ax, half * bx)
-{
-	float		distance;
-	int			i;
-	float		s[8];
-	int			count = (dim / 8) * 8;
-	__m256		dist = _mm256_setzero_ps();
-
-	for (i = 0; i < count; i += 8)
-	{
-		__m128i		axi = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) (ax + i));
-		__m128i		bxi = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) (bx + i));
-		__m256		axs = _mm256_cvtph_ps(axi);
-		__m256		bxs = _mm256_cvtph_ps(bxi);
-		__m256		diff = _mm256_sub_ps(axs, bxs);
-
-		dist = _mm256_fmadd_ps(diff, diff, dist);
-	}
-
-	_mm256_storeu_ps(s, dist);
-
-	distance = s[0] + s[1] + s[2] + s[3] + s[4] + s[5] + s[6] + s[7];
-
-	for (; i < dim; i++)
-	{
-		float		diff = HalfToFloat4(ax[i]) - HalfToFloat4(bx[i]);
-
-		distance += diff * diff;
-	}
-
-	return distance;
-}
-#endif
-
-static float
-HalfvecInnerProductDefault(int dim, half * ax, half * bx)
-{
-	float		distance = 0.0;
-
-	/* Auto-vectorized */
-	for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
-		distance += HalfToFloat4(ax[i]) * HalfToFloat4(bx[i]);
-
-	return distance;
-}
-
-#ifdef HALFVEC_DISPATCH
-TARGET_F16C static float
-HalfvecInnerProductF16c(int dim, half * ax, half * bx)
-{
-	float		distance;
-	int			i;
-	float		s[8];
-	int			count = (dim / 8) * 8;
-	__m256		dist = _mm256_setzero_ps();
-
-	for (i = 0; i < count; i += 8)
-	{
-		__m128i		axi = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) (ax + i));
-		__m128i		bxi = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) (bx + i));
-		__m256		axs = _mm256_cvtph_ps(axi);
-		__m256		bxs = _mm256_cvtph_ps(bxi);
-
-		dist = _mm256_fmadd_ps(axs, bxs, dist);
-	}
-
-	_mm256_storeu_ps(s, dist);
-
-	distance = s[0] + s[1] + s[2] + s[3] + s[4] + s[5] + s[6] + s[7];
-
-	for (; i < dim; i++)
-		distance += HalfToFloat4(ax[i]) * HalfToFloat4(bx[i]);
-
-	return distance;
-}
-#endif
-
-static double
-HalfvecCosineSimilarityDefault(int dim, half * ax, half * bx)
-{
-	float		similarity = 0.0;
-	float		norma = 0.0;
-	float		normb = 0.0;
-
-	/* Auto-vectorized */
-	for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
-	{
-		float		axi = HalfToFloat4(ax[i]);
-		float		bxi = HalfToFloat4(bx[i]);
-
-		similarity += axi * bxi;
-		norma += axi * axi;
-		normb += bxi * bxi;
-	}
-
-	/* Use sqrt(a * b) over sqrt(a) * sqrt(b) */
-	return (double) similarity / sqrt((double) norma * (double) normb);
-}
-
-#ifdef HALFVEC_DISPATCH
-TARGET_F16C static double
-HalfvecCosineSimilarityF16c(int dim, half * ax, half * bx)
-{
-	float		similarity;
-	float		norma;
-	float		normb;
-	int			i;
-	float		s[8];
-	int			count = (dim / 8) * 8;
-	__m256		sim = _mm256_setzero_ps();
-	__m256		na = _mm256_setzero_ps();
-	__m256		nb = _mm256_setzero_ps();
-
-	for (i = 0; i < count; i += 8)
-	{
-		__m128i		axi = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) (ax + i));
-		__m128i		bxi = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) (bx + i));
-		__m256		axs = _mm256_cvtph_ps(axi);
-		__m256		bxs = _mm256_cvtph_ps(bxi);
-
-		sim = _mm256_fmadd_ps(axs, bxs, sim);
-		na = _mm256_fmadd_ps(axs, axs, na);
-		nb = _mm256_fmadd_ps(bxs, bxs, nb);
-	}
-
-	_mm256_storeu_ps(s, sim);
-	similarity = s[0] + s[1] + s[2] + s[3] + s[4] + s[5] + s[6] + s[7];
-
-	_mm256_storeu_ps(s, na);
-	norma = s[0] + s[1] + s[2] + s[3] + s[4] + s[5] + s[6] + s[7];
-
-	_mm256_storeu_ps(s, nb);
-	normb = s[0] + s[1] + s[2] + s[3] + s[4] + s[5] + s[6] + s[7];
-
-	/* Auto-vectorized */
-	for (; i < dim; i++)
-	{
-		float		axi = HalfToFloat4(ax[i]);
-		float		bxi = HalfToFloat4(bx[i]);
-
-		similarity += axi * bxi;
-		norma += axi * axi;
-		normb += bxi * bxi;
-	}
-
-	/* Use sqrt(a * b) over sqrt(a) * sqrt(b) */
-	return (double) similarity / sqrt((double) norma * (double) normb);
-}
-#endif
-
-static float
-HalfvecL1DistanceDefault(int dim, half * ax, half * bx)
-{
-	float		distance = 0.0;
-
-	/* Auto-vectorized */
-	for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
-		distance += fabsf(HalfToFloat4(ax[i]) - HalfToFloat4(bx[i]));
-
-	return distance;
-}
-
-#ifdef HALFVEC_DISPATCH
-/* Does not require FMA, but keep logic simple */
-TARGET_F16C static float
-HalfvecL1DistanceF16c(int dim, half * ax, half * bx)
-{
-	float		distance;
-	int			i;
-	float		s[8];
-	int			count = (dim / 8) * 8;
-	__m256		dist = _mm256_setzero_ps();
-	__m256		sign = _mm256_set1_ps(-0.0);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < count; i += 8)
-	{
-		__m128i		axi = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) (ax + i));
-		__m128i		bxi = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) (bx + i));
-		__m256		axs = _mm256_cvtph_ps(axi);
-		__m256		bxs = _mm256_cvtph_ps(bxi);
-
-		dist = _mm256_add_ps(dist, _mm256_andnot_ps(sign, _mm256_sub_ps(axs, bxs)));
-	}
-
-	_mm256_storeu_ps(s, dist);
-
-	distance = s[0] + s[1] + s[2] + s[3] + s[4] + s[5] + s[6] + s[7];
-
-	for (; i < dim; i++)
-		distance += fabsf(HalfToFloat4(ax[i]) - HalfToFloat4(bx[i]));
-
-	return distance;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HALFVEC_DISPATCH
-#define CPU_FEATURE_FMA     (1 << 12)
-#define CPU_FEATURE_OSXSAVE (1 << 27)
-#define CPU_FEATURE_AVX     (1 << 28)
-#define CPU_FEATURE_F16C    (1 << 29)
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#define TARGET_XSAVE
-#else
-#define TARGET_XSAVE __attribute__((target("xsave")))
-#endif
-
-TARGET_XSAVE static bool
-SupportsCpuFeature(unsigned int feature)
-{
-	unsigned int exx[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-
-#if defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID)
-	__get_cpuid(1, &exx[0], &exx[1], &exx[2], &exx[3]);
-#else
-	__cpuid(exx, 1);
-#endif
-
-	/* Check OS supports XSAVE */
-	if ((exx[2] & CPU_FEATURE_OSXSAVE) != CPU_FEATURE_OSXSAVE)
-		return false;
-
-	/* Check XMM and YMM registers are enabled */
-	if ((_xgetbv(0) & 6) != 6)
-		return false;
-
-	/* Now check features */
-	return (exx[2] & feature) == feature;
-}
-#endif
-
-void
-HalfvecInit(void)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Could skip pointer when single function, but no difference in
-	 * performance
-	 */
-	HalfvecL2SquaredDistance = HalfvecL2SquaredDistanceDefault;
-	HalfvecInnerProduct = HalfvecInnerProductDefault;
-	HalfvecCosineSimilarity = HalfvecCosineSimilarityDefault;
-	HalfvecL1Distance = HalfvecL1DistanceDefault;
-
-#ifdef HALFVEC_DISPATCH
-	if (SupportsCpuFeature(CPU_FEATURE_AVX | CPU_FEATURE_F16C | CPU_FEATURE_FMA))
-	{
-		HalfvecL2SquaredDistance = HalfvecL2SquaredDistanceF16c;
-		HalfvecInnerProduct = HalfvecInnerProductF16c;
-		HalfvecCosineSimilarity = HalfvecCosineSimilarityF16c;
-		/* Does not require FMA, but keep logic simple */
-		HalfvecL1Distance = HalfvecL1DistanceF16c;
-	}
-#endif
-}

src/halfutils.h

@@ -1,263 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef HALFUTILS_H
-#define HALFUTILS_H
-
-#include <math.h>
-
-#include "common/shortest_dec.h"
-#include "halfvec.h"
-
-#ifdef F16C_SUPPORT
-#include <immintrin.h>
-#endif
-
-extern float (*HalfvecL2SquaredDistance) (int dim, half * ax, half * bx);
-extern float (*HalfvecInnerProduct) (int dim, half * ax, half * bx);
-extern double (*HalfvecCosineSimilarity) (int dim, half * ax, half * bx);
-extern float (*HalfvecL1Distance) (int dim, half * ax, half * bx);
-
-void		HalfvecInit(void);
-
-/*
- * Check if half is NaN
- */
-static inline bool
-HalfIsNan(half num)
-{
-#ifdef FLT16_SUPPORT
-	return isnan(num);
-#else
-	return (num & 0x7C00) == 0x7C00 && (num & 0x7FFF) != 0x7C00;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
- * Check if half is infinite
- */
-static inline bool
-HalfIsInf(half num)
-{
-#ifdef FLT16_SUPPORT
-	return isinf(num);
-#else
-	return (num & 0x7FFF) == 0x7C00;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
- * Check if half is zero
- */
-static inline bool
-HalfIsZero(half num)
-{
-#ifdef FLT16_SUPPORT
-	return num == 0;
-#else
-	return (num & 0x7FFF) == 0x0000;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
- * Convert a half to a float4
- */
-static inline float
-HalfToFloat4(half num)
-{
-#if defined(F16C_SUPPORT)
-	return _cvtsh_ss(num);
-#elif defined(FLT16_SUPPORT)
-	return (float) num;
-#else
-	union
-	{
-		float		f;
-		uint32		i;
-	}			swapfloat;
-
-	union
-	{
-		half		h;
-		uint16		i;
-	}			swaphalf;
-
-	uint16		bin;
-	uint32		exponent;
-	uint32		mantissa;
-	uint32		result;
-
-	swaphalf.h = num;
-	bin = swaphalf.i;
-	exponent = (bin & 0x7C00) >> 10;
-	mantissa = bin & 0x03FF;
-
-	/* Sign */
-	result = (bin & 0x8000) << 16;
-
-	if (unlikely(exponent == 31))
-	{
-		if (mantissa == 0)
-		{
-			/* Infinite */
-			result |= 0x7F800000;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			/* NaN */
-			result |= 0x7FC00000;
-		}
-	}
-	else if (unlikely(exponent == 0))
-	{
-		/* Subnormal */
-		if (mantissa != 0)
-		{
-			exponent = -14;
-
-			for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-			{
-				mantissa <<= 1;
-				exponent -= 1;
-
-				if ((mantissa >> 10) % 2 == 1)
-				{
-					mantissa &= 0x03ff;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-
-			result |= (exponent + 127) << 23;
-		}
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		/* Normal */
-		result |= (exponent - 15 + 127) << 23;
-	}
-
-	result |= mantissa << 13;
-
-	swapfloat.i = result;
-	return swapfloat.f;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
- * Convert a float4 to a half
- */
-static inline half
-Float4ToHalfUnchecked(float num)
-{
-#if defined(F16C_SUPPORT)
-	return _cvtss_sh(num, 0);
-#elif defined(FLT16_SUPPORT)
-	return (_Float16) num;
-#else
-	union
-	{
-		float		f;
-		uint32		i;
-	}			swapfloat;
-
-	union
-	{
-		half		h;
-		uint16		i;
-	}			swaphalf;
-
-	uint32		bin;
-	int			exponent;
-	int			mantissa;
-	uint16		result;
-
-	swapfloat.f = num;
-	bin = swapfloat.i;
-	exponent = (bin & 0x7F800000) >> 23;
-	mantissa = bin & 0x007FFFFF;
-
-	/* Sign */
-	result = (bin & 0x80000000) >> 16;
-
-	if (isinf(num))
-	{
-		/* Infinite */
-		result |= 0x7C00;
-	}
-	else if (isnan(num))
-	{
-		/* NaN */
-		result |= 0x7E00;
-		result |= mantissa >> 13;
-	}
-	else if (exponent > 98)
-	{
-		int			m;
-		int			gr;
-		int			s;
-
-		exponent -= 127;
-		s = mantissa & 0x00000FFF;
-
-		/* Subnormal */
-		if (exponent < -14)
-		{
-			int			diff = -exponent - 14;
-
-			mantissa >>= diff;
-			mantissa += 1 << (23 - diff);
-			s |= mantissa & 0x00000FFF;
-		}
-
-		m = mantissa >> 13;
-
-		/* Round */
-		gr = (mantissa >> 12) % 4;
-		if (gr == 3 || (gr == 1 && s != 0))
-			m += 1;
-
-		if (m == 1024)
-		{
-			m = 0;
-			exponent += 1;
-		}
-
-		if (exponent > 15)
-		{
-			/* Infinite */
-			result |= 0x7C00;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			if (exponent >= -14)
-				result |= (exponent + 15) << 10;
-
-			result |= m;
-		}
-	}
-
-	swaphalf.i = result;
-	return swaphalf.h;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
- * Convert a float4 to a half
- */
-static inline half
-Float4ToHalf(float num)
-{
-	half		result = Float4ToHalfUnchecked(num);
-
-	if (unlikely(HalfIsInf(result)) && !isinf(num))
-	{
-		char	   *buf = palloc(FLOAT_SHORTEST_DECIMAL_LEN);
-
-		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, buf);
-
-		ereport(ERROR,
-				(errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
-				 errmsg("\"%s\" is out of range for type halfvec", buf)));
-	}
-
-	return result;
-}
-
-#endif

src/halfvec.h

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef HALFVEC_H
-#define HALFVEC_H
-
-#define __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT__
-
-#include <float.h>
-
-/* We use two types of dispatching: intrinsics and target_clones */
-/* TODO Move to better place */
-#ifndef DISABLE_DISPATCH
-/* Only enable for more recent compilers to keep build process simple */
-#if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 8
-#define USE_DISPATCH
-#elif defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__clang_major__) && __clang_major__ >= 7
-#define USE_DISPATCH
-#elif defined(_M_AMD64) && defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1920
-#define USE_DISPATCH
-#endif
-#endif
-
-/* target_clones requires glibc */
-#if defined(USE_DISPATCH) && defined(__gnu_linux__)
-#define USE_TARGET_CLONES
-#endif
-
-#if defined(USE_DISPATCH)
-#define HALFVEC_DISPATCH
-#endif
-
-/* F16C has better performance than _Float16 (on x86-64) */
-#if defined(__F16C__)
-#define F16C_SUPPORT
-#elif defined(__FLT16_MAX__) && !defined(HALFVEC_DISPATCH)
-#define FLT16_SUPPORT
-#endif
-
-#ifdef FLT16_SUPPORT
-#define half _Float16
-#define HALF_MAX FLT16_MAX
-#else
-#define half uint16
-#define HALF_MAX 65504
-#endif
-
-#define HALFVEC_MAX_DIM 16000
-
-#define HALFVEC_SIZE(_dim)		(offsetof(HalfVector, x) + sizeof(half)*(_dim))
-#define DatumGetHalfVector(x)	((HalfVector *) PG_DETOAST_DATUM(x))
-#define PG_GETARG_HALFVEC_P(x)	DatumGetHalfVector(PG_GETARG_DATUM(x))
-#define PG_RETURN_HALFVEC_P(x)	PG_RETURN_POINTER(x)
-
-typedef struct HalfVector
-{
-	int32		vl_len_;		/* varlena header (do not touch directly!) */
-	int16		dim;			/* number of dimensions */
-	int16		unused;			/* reserved for future use, always zero */
-	half		x[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-}			HalfVector;
-
-HalfVector *InitHalfVector(int dim);
-
-#endif

src/hnsw.c

@@ -4,59 +4,25 @@
 #include <math.h>
 
 #include "access/amapi.h"
-#include "access/reloptions.h"
-#include "commands/progress.h"
 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
 #include "hnsw.h"
-#include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "utils/guc.h"
 #include "utils/selfuncs.h"
 
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 150000
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
-#define MarkGUCPrefixReserved(x) EmitWarningsOnPlaceholders(x)
+#include "commands/progress.h"
 #endif
 
 int			hnsw_ef_search;
-int			hnsw_lock_tranche_id;
+bool		hnsw_enable_parallel_build;
 static relopt_kind hnsw_relopt_kind;
 
-/*
- * Assign a tranche ID for our LWLocks. This only needs to be done by one
- * backend, as the tranche ID is remembered in shared memory.
- *
- * This shared memory area is very small, so we just allocate it from the
- * "slop" that PostgreSQL reserves for small allocations like this. If
- * this grows bigger, we should use a shmem_request_hook and
- * RequestAddinShmemSpace() to pre-reserve space for this.
- */
-void
-HnswInitLockTranche(void)
-{
-	int		   *tranche_ids;
-	bool		found;
-
-	LWLockAcquire(AddinShmemInitLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
-	tranche_ids = ShmemInitStruct("hnsw LWLock ids",
-								  sizeof(int) * 1,
-								  &found);
-	if (!found)
-		tranche_ids[0] = LWLockNewTrancheId();
-	hnsw_lock_tranche_id = tranche_ids[0];
-	LWLockRelease(AddinShmemInitLock);
-
-	/* Per-backend registration of the tranche ID */
-	LWLockRegisterTranche(hnsw_lock_tranche_id, "HnswBuild");
-}
-
 /*
  * Initialize index options and variables
  */
 void
 HnswInit(void)
 {
-	if (!process_shared_preload_libraries_in_progress)
-		HnswInitLockTranche();
-
 	hnsw_relopt_kind = add_reloption_kind();
 	add_int_reloption(hnsw_relopt_kind, "m", "Max number of connections",
 					  HNSW_DEFAULT_M, HNSW_MIN_M, HNSW_MAX_M
@@ -75,12 +41,16 @@ HnswInit(void)
 							"Valid range is 1..1000.", &hnsw_ef_search,
 							HNSW_DEFAULT_EF_SEARCH, HNSW_MIN_EF_SEARCH, HNSW_MAX_EF_SEARCH, PGC_USERSET, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
-	MarkGUCPrefixReserved("hnsw");
+	/* Behind a variable for now since can be slower than building in memory */
+	DefineCustomBoolVariable("hnsw.enable_parallel_build", "Enables or disables building indexes in parallel",
+							 NULL, &hnsw_enable_parallel_build,
+							 false, PGC_USERSET, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
 /*
  * Get the name of index build phase
  */
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 static char *
 hnswbuildphasename(int64 phasenum)
 {
@@ -94,6 +64,7 @@ hnswbuildphasename(int64 phasenum)
 			return NULL;
 	}
 }
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Estimate the cost of an index scan
@@ -108,6 +79,9 @@ hnswcostestimate(PlannerInfo *root, IndexPath *path, double loop_count,
 	int			m;
 	int			entryLevel;
 	Relation	index;
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 120000
+	List	   *qinfos;
+#endif
 
 	/* Never use index without order */
 	if (path->indexorderbys == NULL)
@@ -133,7 +107,12 @@ hnswcostestimate(PlannerInfo *root, IndexPath *path, double loop_count,
 	/* Account for number of tuples (or entry level), m, and ef_search */
 	costs.numIndexTuples = (entryLevel + 2) * m;
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	genericcostestimate(root, path, loop_count, &costs);
+#else
+	qinfos = deconstruct_indexquals(path);
+	genericcostestimate(root, path, loop_count, qinfos, &costs);
+#endif
 
 	/* Use total cost since most work happens before first tuple is returned */
 	*indexStartupCost = costs.indexTotalCost;
@@ -194,7 +173,7 @@ hnswhandler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	IndexAmRoutine *amroutine = makeNode(IndexAmRoutine);
 
 	amroutine->amstrategies = 0;
-	amroutine->amsupport = 3;
+	amroutine->amsupport = 2;
 #if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 130000
 	amroutine->amoptsprocnum = 0;
 #endif
@@ -227,7 +206,9 @@ hnswhandler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	amroutine->amcostestimate = hnswcostestimate;
 	amroutine->amoptions = hnswoptions;
 	amroutine->amproperty = NULL;	/* TODO AMPROP_DISTANCE_ORDERABLE */
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	amroutine->ambuildphasename = hnswbuildphasename;
+#endif
 	amroutine->amvalidate = hnswvalidate;
 #if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 140000
 	amroutine->amadjustmembers = NULL;

src/hnsw.h

@@ -3,22 +3,27 @@
 
 #include "postgres.h"
 
-#include "access/genam.h"
+#include "access/generic_xlog.h"
 #include "access/parallel.h"
-#include "lib/pairingheap.h"
+#include "access/reloptions.h"
 #include "nodes/execnodes.h"
 #include "port.h"				/* for random() */
-#include "utils/relptr.h"
 #include "utils/sampling.h"
 #include "vector.h"
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 110000
+#error "Requires PostgreSQL 11+"
+#endif
+
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 120000
+#include "access/relscan.h"
+#endif
+
 #define HNSW_MAX_DIM 2000
-#define HNSW_MAX_NNZ 1000
 
 /* Support functions */
 #define HNSW_DISTANCE_PROC 1
 #define HNSW_NORM_PROC 2
-#define HNSW_TYPE_INFO_PROC 3
 
 #define HNSW_VERSION	1
 #define HNSW_MAGIC_NUMBER 0xA953A953
@@ -58,27 +63,22 @@
 #define PROGRESS_HNSW_PHASE_LOAD		2
 
 #define HNSW_MAX_SIZE (BLCKSZ - MAXALIGN(SizeOfPageHeaderData) - MAXALIGN(sizeof(HnswPageOpaqueData)) - sizeof(ItemIdData))
-#define HNSW_TUPLE_ALLOC_SIZE BLCKSZ
 
 #define HNSW_ELEMENT_TUPLE_SIZE(size)	MAXALIGN(offsetof(HnswElementTupleData, data) + (size))
 #define HNSW_NEIGHBOR_TUPLE_SIZE(level, m)	MAXALIGN(offsetof(HnswNeighborTupleData, indextids) + ((level) + 2) * (m) * sizeof(ItemPointerData))
 
-#define HNSW_NEIGHBOR_ARRAY_SIZE(lm)	(offsetof(HnswNeighborArray, items) + sizeof(HnswCandidate) * (lm))
-
 #define HnswPageGetOpaque(page)	((HnswPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(page))
 #define HnswPageGetMeta(page)	((HnswMetaPageData *) PageGetContents(page))
 
 #if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 150000
 #define RandomDouble() pg_prng_double(&pg_global_prng_state)
-#define SeedRandom(seed) pg_prng_seed(&pg_global_prng_state, seed)
 #else
 #define RandomDouble() (((double) random()) / MAX_RANDOM_VALUE)
-#define SeedRandom(seed) srandom(seed)
 #endif
 
 #if PG_VERSION_NUM < 130000
 #define list_delete_last(list) list_truncate(list, list_length(list) - 1)
-#define list_sort(list, cmp) ((list) = list_qsort(list, cmp))
+#define list_sort(list, cmp) list_qsort(list, cmp)
 #endif
 
 #define HnswIsElementTuple(tup) ((tup)->type == HNSW_ELEMENT_TUPLE_TYPE)
@@ -91,74 +91,42 @@
 #define HnswGetMl(m) (1 / log(m))
 
 /* Ensure fits on page and in uint8 */
-#define HnswGetMaxLevel(m) Min(((BLCKSZ - MAXALIGN(SizeOfPageHeaderData) - MAXALIGN(sizeof(HnswPageOpaqueData)) - offsetof(HnswNeighborTupleData, indextids) - sizeof(ItemIdData)) / (sizeof(ItemPointerData)) / (m)) - 2, 255)
+#define HnswGetMaxLevel(m) Min(((BLCKSZ - MAXALIGN(SizeOfPageHeaderData) - MAXALIGN(sizeof(HnswPageOpaqueData)) - offsetof(HnswNeighborTupleData, indextids) - sizeof(ItemIdData)) / (sizeof(ItemPointerData)) / m) - 2, 255)
-
-#define HnswGetValue(base, element) PointerGetDatum(HnswPtrAccess(base, (element)->value))
-
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 140005
-#define relptr_offset(rp) ((rp).relptr_off - 1)
-#endif
-
-/* Pointer macros */
-#define HnswPtrAccess(base, hp) ((base) == NULL ? (hp).ptr : relptr_access(base, (hp).relptr))
-#define HnswPtrStore(base, hp, value) ((base) == NULL ? (void) ((hp).ptr = (value)) : (void) relptr_store(base, (hp).relptr, value))
-#define HnswPtrIsNull(base, hp) ((base) == NULL ? (hp).ptr == NULL : relptr_is_null((hp).relptr))
-#define HnswPtrEqual(base, hp1, hp2) ((base) == NULL ? (hp1).ptr == (hp2).ptr : relptr_offset((hp1).relptr) == relptr_offset((hp2).relptr))
-
-/* For code paths dedicated to each type */
-#define HnswPtrPointer(hp) (hp).ptr
-#define HnswPtrOffset(hp) relptr_offset((hp).relptr)
 
 /* Variables */
 extern int	hnsw_ef_search;
-extern int	hnsw_lock_tranche_id;
+extern bool hnsw_enable_parallel_build;
 
-typedef struct HnswElementData HnswElementData;
 typedef struct HnswNeighborArray HnswNeighborArray;
 
-#define HnswPtrDeclare(type, relptrtype, ptrtype) \
+typedef struct HnswElementData
-	relptr_declare(type, relptrtype); \
-	typedef union { type *ptr; relptrtype relptr; } ptrtype;
-
-/* Pointers that can be absolute or relative */
-/* Use char for DatumPtr so works with Pointer */
-HnswPtrDeclare(HnswElementData, HnswElementRelptr, HnswElementPtr);
-HnswPtrDeclare(HnswNeighborArray, HnswNeighborArrayRelptr, HnswNeighborArrayPtr);
-HnswPtrDeclare(HnswNeighborArrayPtr, HnswNeighborsRelptr, HnswNeighborsPtr);
-HnswPtrDeclare(char, DatumRelptr, DatumPtr);
-
-struct HnswElementData
 {
-	HnswElementPtr next;
+	List	   *heaptids;
-	ItemPointerData heaptids[HNSW_HEAPTIDS];
-	uint8		heaptidsLength;
 	uint8		level;
 	uint8		deleted;
-	uint32		hash;
+	HnswNeighborArray *neighbors;
-	HnswNeighborsPtr neighbors;
 	BlockNumber blkno;
 	OffsetNumber offno;
 	OffsetNumber neighborOffno;
 	BlockNumber neighborPage;
-	DatumPtr	value;
+	Datum		value;
-	LWLock		lock;
+}			HnswElementData;
-};
 
 typedef HnswElementData * HnswElement;
 
 typedef struct HnswCandidate
 {
-	HnswElementPtr element;
+	HnswElement element;
 	float		distance;
 	bool		closer;
 }			HnswCandidate;
 
-struct HnswNeighborArray
+typedef struct HnswNeighborArray
 {
 	int			length;
 	bool		closerSet;
-	HnswCandidate items[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
+	HnswCandidate *items;
-};
+}			HnswNeighborArray;
 
 typedef struct HnswPairingHeapNode
 {
@@ -174,27 +142,11 @@ typedef struct HnswOptions
 	int			efConstruction; /* size of dynamic candidate list */
 }			HnswOptions;
 
-typedef struct HnswGraph
+typedef struct HnswSpool
 {
-	/* Graph state */
+	Relation	heap;
-	slock_t		lock;
+	Relation	index;
-	HnswElementPtr head;
+}			HnswSpool;
-	double		indtuples;
-
-	/* Entry state */
-	LWLock		entryLock;
-	LWLock		entryWaitLock;
-	HnswElementPtr entryPoint;
-
-	/* Allocations state */
-	LWLock		allocatorLock;
-	long		memoryUsed;
-	long		memoryTotal;
-
-	/* Flushed state */
-	LWLock		flushLock;
-	bool		flushed;
-}			HnswGraph;
 
 typedef struct HnswShared
 {
@@ -202,6 +154,7 @@ typedef struct HnswShared
 	Oid			heaprelid;
 	Oid			indexrelid;
 	bool		isconcurrent;
+	int			scantuplesortstates;
 
 	/* Worker progress */
 	ConditionVariable workersdonecv;
@@ -212,11 +165,17 @@ typedef struct HnswShared
 	/* Mutable state */
 	int			nparticipantsdone;
 	double		reltuples;
-	HnswGraph	graphData;
+	double		indtuples;
+
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 120000
+	ParallelHeapScanDescData heapdesc;	/* must come last */
+#endif
 }			HnswShared;
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 #define ParallelTableScanFromHnswShared(shared) \
 	(ParallelTableScanDesc) ((char *) (shared) + BUFFERALIGN(sizeof(HnswShared)))
+#endif
 
 typedef struct HnswLeader
 {
@@ -224,22 +183,8 @@ typedef struct HnswLeader
 	int			nparticipanttuplesorts;
 	HnswShared *hnswshared;
 	Snapshot	snapshot;
-	char	   *hnswarea;
 }			HnswLeader;
 
-typedef struct HnswAllocator
-{
-	void	   *(*alloc) (Size size, void *state);
-	void	   *state;
-}			HnswAllocator;
-
-typedef struct HnswTypeInfo
-{
-	int			maxDimensions;
-	Datum		(*normalize) (PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
-	void		(*checkValue) (Pointer v);
-}			HnswTypeInfo;
-
 typedef struct HnswBuildState
 {
 	/* Info */
@@ -247,7 +192,6 @@ typedef struct HnswBuildState
 	Relation	index;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
 	ForkNumber	forkNum;
-	const		HnswTypeInfo *typeInfo;
 
 	/* Settings */
 	int			dimensions;
@@ -264,20 +208,20 @@ typedef struct HnswBuildState
 	Oid			collation;
 
 	/* Variables */
-	HnswGraph	graphData;
+	List	   *elements;
-	HnswGraph  *graph;
+	HnswElement entryPoint;
 	double		ml;
 	int			maxLevel;
+	long		memoryLeft;
+	bool		flushed;
+	Vector	   *normvec;
 
 	/* Memory */
-	MemoryContext graphCtx;
 	MemoryContext tmpCtx;
-	HnswAllocator allocator;
 
 	/* Parallel builds */
 	HnswLeader *hnswleader;
 	HnswShared *hnswshared;
-	char	   *hnswarea;
 }			HnswBuildState;
 
 typedef struct HnswMetaPageData
@@ -330,7 +274,6 @@ typedef HnswNeighborTupleData * HnswNeighborTuple;
 
 typedef struct HnswScanOpaqueData
 {
-	const		HnswTypeInfo *typeInfo;
 	bool		first;
 	List	   *w;
 	MemoryContext tmpCtx;
@@ -360,7 +303,7 @@ typedef struct HnswVacuumState
 	Oid			collation;
 
 	/* Variables */
-	struct tidhash_hash *deleted;
+	HTAB	   *deleted;
 	BufferAccessStrategy bas;
 	HnswNeighborTuple ntup;
 	HnswElementData highestPoint;
@@ -373,32 +316,32 @@ typedef struct HnswVacuumState
 int			HnswGetM(Relation index);
 int			HnswGetEfConstruction(Relation index);
 FmgrInfo   *HnswOptionalProcInfo(Relation index, uint16 procnum);
-Datum		HnswNormValue(const HnswTypeInfo * typeInfo, Oid collation, Datum value);
+bool		HnswNormValue(FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, Datum *value, Vector * result);
-bool		HnswCheckNorm(FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, Datum value);
+void		HnswCommitBuffer(Buffer buf, GenericXLogState *state);
 Buffer		HnswNewBuffer(Relation index, ForkNumber forkNum);
 void		HnswInitPage(Buffer buf, Page page);
+void		HnswInitRegisterPage(Relation index, Buffer *buf, Page *page, GenericXLogState **state);
 void		HnswInit(void);
-List	   *HnswSearchLayer(char *base, Datum q, List *ep, int ef, int lc, Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, int m, bool inserting, HnswElement skipElement);
+List	   *HnswSearchLayer(Datum q, List *ep, int ef, int lc, Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, int m, bool inserting, HnswElement skipElement);
 HnswElement HnswGetEntryPoint(Relation index);
 void		HnswGetMetaPageInfo(Relation index, int *m, HnswElement * entryPoint);
-void	   *HnswAlloc(HnswAllocator * allocator, Size size);
+HnswElement HnswInitElement(ItemPointer tid, int m, double ml, int maxLevel);
-HnswElement HnswInitElement(char *base, ItemPointer tid, int m, double ml, int maxLevel, HnswAllocator * alloc);
+void		HnswFreeElement(HnswElement element);
 HnswElement HnswInitElementFromBlock(BlockNumber blkno, OffsetNumber offno);
-void		HnswFindElementNeighbors(char *base, HnswElement element, HnswElement entryPoint, Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, int m, int efConstruction, bool existing);
+void		HnswInsertElement(HnswElement element, HnswElement entryPoint, Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, int m, int efConstruction, bool existing);
-HnswCandidate *HnswEntryCandidate(char *base, HnswElement em, Datum q, Relation rel, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, bool loadVec);
+HnswElement HnswFindDuplicate(HnswElement e);
-void		HnswUpdateMetaPage(Relation index, int updateEntry, HnswElement entryPoint, BlockNumber insertPage, ForkNumber forkNum, bool building);
+HnswCandidate *HnswEntryCandidate(HnswElement em, Datum q, Relation rel, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, bool loadVec);
-void		HnswSetNeighborTuple(char *base, HnswNeighborTuple ntup, HnswElement e, int m);
+void		HnswUpdateMetaPage(Relation index, int updateEntry, HnswElement entryPoint, BlockNumber insertPage, ForkNumber forkNum);
+void		HnswSetNeighborTuple(HnswNeighborTuple ntup, HnswElement e, int m);
 void		HnswAddHeapTid(HnswElement element, ItemPointer heaptid);
-void		HnswInitNeighbors(char *base, HnswElement element, int m, HnswAllocator * alloc);
+void		HnswInitNeighbors(HnswElement element, int m);
-bool		HnswInsertTupleOnDisk(Relation index, Datum value, Datum *values, bool *isnull, ItemPointer heap_tid, bool building);
+bool		HnswInsertTuple(Relation index, Datum *values, bool *isnull, ItemPointer heap_tid, Relation heapRel);
-void		HnswUpdateNeighborsOnDisk(Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, HnswElement e, int m, bool checkExisting, bool building);
+void		HnswUpdateNeighborPages(Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, HnswElement e, int m, bool checkExisting);
 void		HnswLoadElementFromTuple(HnswElement element, HnswElementTuple etup, bool loadHeaptids, bool loadVec);
 void		HnswLoadElement(HnswElement element, float *distance, Datum *q, Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, bool loadVec);
-void		HnswSetElementTuple(char *base, HnswElementTuple etup, HnswElement element);
+void		HnswSetElementTuple(HnswElementTuple etup, HnswElement element);
-void		HnswUpdateConnection(char *base, HnswElement element, HnswCandidate * hc, int lm, int lc, int *updateIdx, Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation);
+void		HnswUpdateConnection(HnswElement element, HnswCandidate * hc, int m, int lc, int *updateIdx, Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation);
 void		HnswLoadNeighbors(HnswElement element, Relation index, int m);
-void		HnswInitLockTranche(void);
-const		HnswTypeInfo *HnswGetTypeInfo(Relation index);
 PGDLLEXPORT void HnswParallelBuildMain(dsm_segment *seg, shm_toc *toc);
 
 /* Index access methods */
@@ -417,54 +360,4 @@ void		hnswrescan(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanKey keys, int nkeys, ScanKey orderbys,
 bool		hnswgettuple(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir);
 void		hnswendscan(IndexScanDesc scan);
 
-static inline HnswNeighborArray *
-HnswGetNeighbors(char *base, HnswElement element, int lc)
-{
-	HnswNeighborArrayPtr *neighborList = HnswPtrAccess(base, element->neighbors);
-
-	Assert(element->level >= lc);
-
-	return HnswPtrAccess(base, neighborList[lc]);
-}
-
-/* Hash tables */
-typedef struct TidHashEntry
-{
-	ItemPointerData tid;
-	char		status;
-}			TidHashEntry;
-
-#define SH_PREFIX tidhash
-#define SH_ELEMENT_TYPE TidHashEntry
-#define SH_KEY_TYPE ItemPointerData
-#define SH_SCOPE extern
-#define SH_DECLARE
-#include "lib/simplehash.h"
-
-typedef struct PointerHashEntry
-{
-	uintptr_t	ptr;
-	char		status;
-}			PointerHashEntry;
-
-#define SH_PREFIX pointerhash
-#define SH_ELEMENT_TYPE PointerHashEntry
-#define SH_KEY_TYPE uintptr_t
-#define SH_SCOPE extern
-#define SH_DECLARE
-#include "lib/simplehash.h"
-
-typedef struct OffsetHashEntry
-{
-	Size		offset;
-	char		status;
-}			OffsetHashEntry;
-
-#define SH_PREFIX offsethash
-#define SH_ELEMENT_TYPE OffsetHashEntry
-#define SH_KEY_TYPE Size
-#define SH_SCOPE extern
-#define SH_DECLARE
-#include "lib/simplehash.h"
-
 #endif

src/hnswinsert.c

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@
 
 #include <math.h>
 
-#include "access/generic_xlog.h"
 #include "hnsw.h"
 #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
-#include "utils/datum.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
 
 /*
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@ HnswFreeOffset(Relation index, Buffer buf, Page page, HnswElement element, Size
  * Add a new page
  */
 static void
-HnswInsertAppendPage(Relation index, Buffer *nbuf, Page *npage, GenericXLogState *state, Page page, bool building)
+HnswInsertAppendPage(Relation index, Buffer *nbuf, Page *npage, GenericXLogState *state, Page page)
 {
 	/* Add a new page */
 	LockRelationForExtension(index, ExclusiveLock);
@@ -102,11 +100,7 @@ HnswInsertAppendPage(Relation index, Buffer *nbuf, Page *npage, GenericXLogState
 	UnlockRelationForExtension(index, ExclusiveLock);
 
 	/* Init new page */
-	if (building)
+	*npage = GenericXLogRegisterBuffer(state, *nbuf, GENERIC_XLOG_FULL_IMAGE);
-		*npage = BufferGetPage(*nbuf);
-	else
-		*npage = GenericXLogRegisterBuffer(state, *nbuf, GENERIC_XLOG_FULL_IMAGE);
-
 	HnswInitPage(*nbuf, *npage);
 
 	/* Update previous buffer */
@@ -117,7 +111,7 @@ HnswInsertAppendPage(Relation index, Buffer *nbuf, Page *npage, GenericXLogState
  * Add to element and neighbor pages
  */
 static void
-AddElementOnDisk(Relation index, HnswElement e, int m, BlockNumber insertPage, BlockNumber *updatedInsertPage, bool building)
+WriteNewElementPages(Relation index, HnswElement e, int m, BlockNumber insertPage, BlockNumber *updatedInsertPage)
 {
 	Buffer		buf;
 	Page		page;
@@ -135,10 +129,9 @@ AddElementOnDisk(Relation index, HnswElement e, int m, BlockNumber insertPage, B
 	OffsetNumber freeOffno = InvalidOffsetNumber;
 	OffsetNumber freeNeighborOffno = InvalidOffsetNumber;
 	BlockNumber newInsertPage = InvalidBlockNumber;
-	char	   *base = NULL;
 
 	/* Calculate sizes */
-	etupSize = HNSW_ELEMENT_TUPLE_SIZE(VARSIZE_ANY(HnswPtrAccess(base, e->value)));
+	etupSize = HNSW_ELEMENT_TUPLE_SIZE(VARSIZE_ANY(DatumGetPointer(e->value)));
 	ntupSize = HNSW_NEIGHBOR_TUPLE_SIZE(e->level, m);
 	combinedSize = etupSize + ntupSize + sizeof(ItemIdData);
 	maxSize = HNSW_MAX_SIZE;
@@ -146,11 +139,11 @@ AddElementOnDisk(Relation index, HnswElement e, int m, BlockNumber insertPage, B
 
 	/* Prepare element tuple */
 	etup = palloc0(etupSize);
-	HnswSetElementTuple(base, etup, e);
+	HnswSetElementTuple(etup, e);
 
 	/* Prepare neighbor tuple */
 	ntup = palloc0(ntupSize);
-	HnswSetNeighborTuple(base, ntup, e, m);
+	HnswSetNeighborTuple(ntup, e, m);
 
 	/* Find a page (or two if needed) to insert the tuples */
 	for (;;)
@@ -158,16 +151,8 @@ AddElementOnDisk(Relation index, HnswElement e, int m, BlockNumber insertPage, B
 		buf = ReadBuffer(index, currentPage);
 		LockBuffer(buf, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
 
-		if (building)
+		state = GenericXLogStart(index);
-		{
+		page = GenericXLogRegisterBuffer(state, buf, 0);
-			state = NULL;
-			page = BufferGetPage(buf);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			state = GenericXLogStart(index);
-			page = GenericXLogRegisterBuffer(state, buf, 0);
-		}
 
 		/* Keep track of first page where element at level 0 can fit */
 		if (!BlockNumberIsValid(newInsertPage) && PageGetFreeSpace(page) >= minCombinedSize)
@@ -187,12 +172,7 @@ AddElementOnDisk(Relation index, HnswElement e, int m, BlockNumber insertPage, B
 		if (HnswFreeOffset(index, buf, page, e, ntupSize, &nbuf, &npage, &freeOffno, &freeNeighborOffno, &newInsertPage))
 		{
 			if (nbuf != buf)
-			{
+				npage = GenericXLogRegisterBuffer(state, nbuf, 0);
-				if (building)
-					npage = BufferGetPage(nbuf);
-				else
-					npage = GenericXLogRegisterBuffer(state, nbuf, 0);
-			}
 
 			break;
 		}
@@ -201,7 +181,7 @@ AddElementOnDisk(Relation index, HnswElement e, int m, BlockNumber insertPage, B
 		/* Skip if both tuples can fit on the same page */
 		if (combinedSize > maxSize && PageGetFreeSpace(page) >= etupSize && !BlockNumberIsValid(HnswPageGetOpaque(page)->nextblkno))
 		{
-			HnswInsertAppendPage(index, &nbuf, &npage, state, page, building);
+			HnswInsertAppendPage(index, &nbuf, &npage, state, page);
 			break;
 		}
 
@@ -210,8 +190,7 @@ AddElementOnDisk(Relation index, HnswElement e, int m, BlockNumber insertPage, B
 		if (BlockNumberIsValid(currentPage))
 		{
 			/* Move to next page */
-			if (!building)
+			GenericXLogAbort(state);
-				GenericXLogAbort(state);
 			UnlockReleaseBuffer(buf);
 		}
 		else
@@ -219,33 +198,22 @@ AddElementOnDisk(Relation index, HnswElement e, int m, BlockNumber insertPage, B
 			Buffer		newbuf;
 			Page		newpage;
 
-			HnswInsertAppendPage(index, &newbuf, &newpage, state, page, building);
+			HnswInsertAppendPage(index, &newbuf, &newpage, state, page);
 
 			/* Commit */
-			if (building)
+			GenericXLogFinish(state);
-				MarkBufferDirty(buf);
-			else
-				GenericXLogFinish(state);
 
 			/* Unlock previous buffer */
 			UnlockReleaseBuffer(buf);
 
 			/* Prepare new buffer */
+			state = GenericXLogStart(index);
 			buf = newbuf;
-			if (building)
+			page = GenericXLogRegisterBuffer(state, buf, 0);
-			{
-				state = NULL;
-				page = BufferGetPage(buf);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				state = GenericXLogStart(index);
-				page = GenericXLogRegisterBuffer(state, buf, 0);
-			}
 
 			/* Create new page for neighbors if needed */
 			if (PageGetFreeSpace(page) < combinedSize)
-				HnswInsertAppendPage(index, &nbuf, &npage, state, page, building);
+				HnswInsertAppendPage(index, &nbuf, &npage, state, page);
 			else
 			{
 				nbuf = buf;
@@ -299,14 +267,7 @@ AddElementOnDisk(Relation index, HnswElement e, int m, BlockNumber insertPage, B
 	}
 
 	/* Commit */
-	if (building)
+	GenericXLogFinish(state);
-	{
-		MarkBufferDirty(buf);
-		if (nbuf != buf)
-			MarkBufferDirty(nbuf);
-	}
-	else
-		GenericXLogFinish(state);
 	UnlockReleaseBuffer(buf);
 	if (nbuf != buf)
 		UnlockReleaseBuffer(nbuf);
@@ -340,14 +301,12 @@ ConnectionExists(HnswElement e, HnswNeighborTuple ntup, int startIdx, int lm)
  * Update neighbors
  */
 void
-HnswUpdateNeighborsOnDisk(Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, HnswElement e, int m, bool checkExisting, bool building)
+HnswUpdateNeighborPages(Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, HnswElement e, int m, bool checkExisting)
 {
-	char	   *base = NULL;
-
 	for (int lc = e->level; lc >= 0; lc--)
 	{
 		int			lm = HnswGetLayerM(m, lc);
-		HnswNeighborArray *neighbors = HnswGetNeighbors(base, e, lc);
+		HnswNeighborArray *neighbors = &e->neighbors[lc];
 
 		for (int i = 0; i < neighbors->length; i++)
 		{
@@ -355,15 +314,16 @@ HnswUpdateNeighborsOnDisk(Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, Hns
 			Buffer		buf;
 			Page		page;
 			GenericXLogState *state;
+			ItemId		itemid;
 			HnswNeighborTuple ntup;
+			Size		ntupSize;
 			int			idx = -1;
 			int			startIdx;
-			HnswElement neighborElement = HnswPtrAccess(base, hc->element);
+			OffsetNumber offno = hc->element->neighborOffno;
-			OffsetNumber offno = neighborElement->neighborOffno;
 
 			/* Get latest neighbors since they may have changed */
 			/* Do not lock yet since selecting neighbors can take time */
-			HnswLoadNeighbors(neighborElement, index, m);
+			HnswLoadNeighbors(hc->element, index, m);
 
 			/*
 			 * Could improve performance for vacuuming by checking neighbors
@@ -373,31 +333,25 @@ HnswUpdateNeighborsOnDisk(Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, Hns
 			 */
 
 			/* Select neighbors */
-			HnswUpdateConnection(NULL, e, hc, lm, lc, &idx, index, procinfo, collation);
+			HnswUpdateConnection(e, hc, lm, lc, &idx, index, procinfo, collation);
 
 			/* New element was not selected as a neighbor */
 			if (idx == -1)
 				continue;
 
 			/* Register page */
-			buf = ReadBuffer(index, neighborElement->neighborPage);
+			buf = ReadBuffer(index, hc->element->neighborPage);
 			LockBuffer(buf, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
-			if (building)
+			state = GenericXLogStart(index);
-			{
+			page = GenericXLogRegisterBuffer(state, buf, 0);
-				state = NULL;
-				page = BufferGetPage(buf);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				state = GenericXLogStart(index);
-				page = GenericXLogRegisterBuffer(state, buf, 0);
-			}
 
 			/* Get tuple */
-			ntup = (HnswNeighborTuple) PageGetItem(page, PageGetItemId(page, offno));
+			itemid = PageGetItemId(page, offno);
+			ntup = (HnswNeighborTuple) PageGetItem(page, itemid);
+			ntupSize = ItemIdGetLength(itemid);
 
 			/* Calculate index for update */
-			startIdx = (neighborElement->level - lc) * m;
+			startIdx = (hc->element->level - lc) * m;
 
 			/* Check for existing connection */
 			if (checkExisting && ConnectionExists(e, ntup, startIdx, lm))
@@ -423,16 +377,17 @@ HnswUpdateNeighborsOnDisk(Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, Hns
 			{
 				ItemPointer indextid = &ntup->indextids[idx];
 
-				/* Update neighbor on the buffer */
+				/* Update neighbor */
 				ItemPointerSet(indextid, e->blkno, e->offno);
 
+				/* Overwrite tuple */
+				if (!PageIndexTupleOverwrite(page, offno, (Item) ntup, ntupSize))
+					elog(ERROR, "failed to add index item to \"%s\"", RelationGetRelationName(index));
+
 				/* Commit */
-				if (building)
+				GenericXLogFinish(state);
-					MarkBufferDirty(buf);
-				else
-					GenericXLogFinish(state);
 			}
-			else if (!building)
+			else
 				GenericXLogAbort(state);
 
 			UnlockReleaseBuffer(buf);
@@ -444,30 +399,26 @@ HnswUpdateNeighborsOnDisk(Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, Hns
  * Add a heap TID to an existing element
  */
 static bool
-AddDuplicateOnDisk(Relation index, HnswElement element, HnswElement dup, bool building)
+HnswAddDuplicate(Relation index, HnswElement element, HnswElement dup)
 {
 	Buffer		buf;
 	Page		page;
 	GenericXLogState *state;
+	ItemId		itemid;
 	HnswElementTuple etup;
+	Size		etupSize;
 	int			i;
 
 	/* Read page */
 	buf = ReadBuffer(index, dup->blkno);
 	LockBuffer(buf, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
-	if (building)
+	state = GenericXLogStart(index);
-	{
+	page = GenericXLogRegisterBuffer(state, buf, 0);
-		state = NULL;
-		page = BufferGetPage(buf);
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		state = GenericXLogStart(index);
-		page = GenericXLogRegisterBuffer(state, buf, 0);
-	}
 
 	/* Find space */
-	etup = (HnswElementTuple) PageGetItem(page, PageGetItemId(page, dup->offno));
+	itemid = PageGetItemId(page, dup->offno);
+	etup = (HnswElementTuple) PageGetItem(page, itemid);
+	etupSize = ItemIdGetLength(itemid);
 	for (i = 0; i < HNSW_HEAPTIDS; i++)
 	{
 		if (!ItemPointerIsValid(&etup->heaptids[i]))
@@ -477,93 +428,82 @@ AddDuplicateOnDisk(Relation index, HnswElement element, HnswElement dup, bool bu
 	/* Either being deleted or we lost our chance to another backend */
 	if (i == 0 || i == HNSW_HEAPTIDS)
 	{
-		if (!building)
+		GenericXLogAbort(state);
-			GenericXLogAbort(state);
 		UnlockReleaseBuffer(buf);
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	/* Add heap TID, modifying the tuple on the page directly */
+	/* Add heap TID */
-	etup->heaptids[i] = element->heaptids[0];
+	etup->heaptids[i] = *((ItemPointer) linitial(element->heaptids));
+
+	/* Overwrite tuple */
+	if (!PageIndexTupleOverwrite(page, dup->offno, (Item) etup, etupSize))
+		elog(ERROR, "failed to add index item to \"%s\"", RelationGetRelationName(index));
 
 	/* Commit */
-	if (building)
+	GenericXLogFinish(state);
-		MarkBufferDirty(buf);
-	else
-		GenericXLogFinish(state);
 	UnlockReleaseBuffer(buf);
 
 	return true;
 }
 
 /*
- * Find duplicate element
+ * Write changes to disk
- */
-static bool
-FindDuplicateOnDisk(Relation index, HnswElement element, bool building)
-{
-	char	   *base = NULL;
-	HnswNeighborArray *neighbors = HnswGetNeighbors(base, element, 0);
-	Datum		value = HnswGetValue(base, element);
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < neighbors->length; i++)
-	{
-		HnswCandidate *neighbor = &neighbors->items[i];
-		HnswElement neighborElement = HnswPtrAccess(base, neighbor->element);
-		Datum		neighborValue = HnswGetValue(base, neighborElement);
-
-		/* Exit early since ordered by distance */
-		if (!datumIsEqual(value, neighborValue, false, -1))
-			return false;
-
-		if (AddDuplicateOnDisk(index, element, neighborElement, building))
-			return true;
-	}
-
-	return false;
-}
-
-/*
- * Update graph on disk
  */
 static void
-UpdateGraphOnDisk(Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, HnswElement element, int m, int efConstruction, HnswElement entryPoint, bool building)
+WriteElement(Relation index, FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, HnswElement element, int m, int efConstruction, HnswElement dup, HnswElement entryPoint)
 {
 	BlockNumber newInsertPage = InvalidBlockNumber;
 
-	/* Look for duplicate */
+	/* Try to add to existing page */
-	if (FindDuplicateOnDisk(index, element, building))
+	if (dup != NULL)
-		return;
+	{
+		if (HnswAddDuplicate(index, element, dup))
+			return;
+	}
 
-	/* Add element */
+	/* Write element and neighbor tuples */
-	AddElementOnDisk(index, element, m, GetInsertPage(index), &newInsertPage, building);
+	WriteNewElementPages(index, element, m, GetInsertPage(index), &newInsertPage);
 
 	/* Update insert page if needed */
 	if (BlockNumberIsValid(newInsertPage))
-		HnswUpdateMetaPage(index, 0, NULL, newInsertPage, MAIN_FORKNUM, building);
+		HnswUpdateMetaPage(index, 0, NULL, newInsertPage, MAIN_FORKNUM);
 
 	/* Update neighbors */
-	HnswUpdateNeighborsOnDisk(index, procinfo, collation, element, m, false, building);
+	HnswUpdateNeighborPages(index, procinfo, collation, element, m, false);
 
-	/* Update entry point if needed */
+	/* Update metapage if needed */
 	if (entryPoint == NULL || element->level > entryPoint->level)
-		HnswUpdateMetaPage(index, HNSW_UPDATE_ENTRY_GREATER, element, InvalidBlockNumber, MAIN_FORKNUM, building);
+		HnswUpdateMetaPage(index, HNSW_UPDATE_ENTRY_GREATER, element, InvalidBlockNumber, MAIN_FORKNUM);
 }
 
 /*
  * Insert a tuple into the index
  */
 bool
-HnswInsertTupleOnDisk(Relation index, Datum value, Datum *values, bool *isnull, ItemPointer heap_tid, bool building)
+HnswInsertTuple(Relation index, Datum *values, bool *isnull, ItemPointer heap_tid, Relation heapRel)
 {
+	Datum		value;
+	FmgrInfo   *normprocinfo;
 	HnswElement entryPoint;
 	HnswElement element;
 	int			m;
 	int			efConstruction = HnswGetEfConstruction(index);
 	FmgrInfo   *procinfo = index_getprocinfo(index, 1, HNSW_DISTANCE_PROC);
 	Oid			collation = index->rd_indcollation[0];
+	HnswElement dup;
 	LOCKMODE	lockmode = ShareLock;
-	char	   *base = NULL;
+
+	/* Detoast once for all calls */
+	value = PointerGetDatum(PG_DETOAST_DATUM(values[0]));
+
+	/* Normalize if needed */
+	normprocinfo = HnswOptionalProcInfo(index, HNSW_NORM_PROC);
+	if (normprocinfo != NULL)
+	{
+		if (!HnswNormValue(normprocinfo, collation, &value, NULL))
+			return false;
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Get a shared lock. This allows vacuum to ensure no in-flight inserts
@@ -576,8 +516,8 @@ HnswInsertTupleOnDisk(Relation index, Datum value, Datum *values, bool *isnull,
 	HnswGetMetaPageInfo(index, &m, &entryPoint);
 
 	/* Create an element */
-	element = HnswInitElement(base, heap_tid, m, HnswGetMl(m), HnswGetMaxLevel(m), NULL);
+	element = HnswInitElement(heap_tid, m, HnswGetMl(m), HnswGetMaxLevel(m));
-	HnswPtrStore(base, element->value, DatumGetPointer(value));
+	element->value = value;
 
 	/* Prevent concurrent inserts when likely updating entry point */
 	if (entryPoint == NULL || element->level > entryPoint->level)
@@ -593,11 +533,14 @@ HnswInsertTupleOnDisk(Relation index, Datum value, Datum *values, bool *isnull,
 		entryPoint = HnswGetEntryPoint(index);
 	}
 
-	/* Find neighbors for element */
+	/* Insert element in graph */
-	HnswFindElementNeighbors(base, element, entryPoint, index, procinfo, collation, m, efConstruction, false);
+	HnswInsertElement(element, entryPoint, index, procinfo, collation, m, efConstruction, false);
 
-	/* Update graph on disk */
+	/* Look for duplicate */
-	UpdateGraphOnDisk(index, procinfo, collation, element, m, efConstruction, entryPoint, building);
+	dup = HnswFindDuplicate(element);
+
+	/* Write to disk */
+	WriteElement(index, procinfo, collation, element, m, efConstruction, dup, entryPoint);
 
 	/* Release lock */
 	UnlockPage(index, HNSW_UPDATE_LOCK, lockmode);
@@ -605,37 +548,6 @@ HnswInsertTupleOnDisk(Relation index, Datum value, Datum *values, bool *isnull,
 	return true;
 }
 
-/*
- * Insert a tuple into the index
- */
-static void
-HnswInsertTuple(Relation index, Datum *values, bool *isnull, ItemPointer heap_tid)
-{
-	Datum		value;
-	const		HnswTypeInfo *typeInfo = HnswGetTypeInfo(index);
-	FmgrInfo   *normprocinfo;
-	Oid			collation = index->rd_indcollation[0];
-
-	/* Detoast once for all calls */
-	value = PointerGetDatum(PG_DETOAST_DATUM(values[0]));
-
-	/* Check value */
-	if (typeInfo->checkValue != NULL)
-		typeInfo->checkValue(DatumGetPointer(value));
-
-	/* Normalize if needed */
-	normprocinfo = HnswOptionalProcInfo(index, HNSW_NORM_PROC);
-	if (normprocinfo != NULL)
-	{
-		if (!HnswCheckNorm(normprocinfo, collation, value))
-			return;
-
-		value = HnswNormValue(typeInfo, collation, value);
-	}
-
-	HnswInsertTupleOnDisk(index, value, values, isnull, heap_tid, false);
-}
-
 /*
  * Insert a tuple into the index
  */
@@ -662,7 +574,7 @@ hnswinsert(Relation index, Datum *values, bool *isnull, ItemPointer heap_tid,
 	oldCtx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(insertCtx);
 
 	/* Insert tuple */
-	HnswInsertTuple(index, values, isnull, heap_tid);
+	HnswInsertTuple(index, values, isnull, heap_tid, heap);
 
 	/* Delete memory context */
 	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldCtx);

src/hnswscan.c

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ GetScanItems(IndexScanDesc scan, Datum q)
 	List	   *w;
 	int			m;
 	HnswElement entryPoint;
-	char	   *base = NULL;
 
 	/* Get m and entry point */
 	HnswGetMetaPageInfo(index, &m, &entryPoint);
@@ -29,15 +28,38 @@ GetScanItems(IndexScanDesc scan, Datum q)
 	if (entryPoint == NULL)
 		return NIL;
 
-	ep = list_make1(HnswEntryCandidate(base, entryPoint, q, index, procinfo, collation, false));
+	ep = list_make1(HnswEntryCandidate(entryPoint, q, index, procinfo, collation, false));
 
 	for (int lc = entryPoint->level; lc >= 1; lc--)
 	{
-		w = HnswSearchLayer(base, q, ep, 1, lc, index, procinfo, collation, m, false, NULL);
+		w = HnswSearchLayer(q, ep, 1, lc, index, procinfo, collation, m, false, NULL);
 		ep = w;
 	}
 
-	return HnswSearchLayer(base, q, ep, hnsw_ef_search, 0, index, procinfo, collation, m, false, NULL);
+	return HnswSearchLayer(q, ep, hnsw_ef_search, 0, index, procinfo, collation, m, false, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get dimensions from metapage
+ */
+static int
+GetDimensions(Relation index)
+{
+	Buffer		buf;
+	Page		page;
+	HnswMetaPage metap;
+	int			dimensions;
+
+	buf = ReadBuffer(index, HNSW_METAPAGE_BLKNO);
+	LockBuffer(buf, BUFFER_LOCK_SHARE);
+	page = BufferGetPage(buf);
+	metap = HnswPageGetMeta(page);
+
+	dimensions = metap->dimensions;
+
+	UnlockReleaseBuffer(buf);
+
+	return dimensions;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -50,7 +72,7 @@ GetScanValue(IndexScanDesc scan)
 	Datum		value;
 
 	if (scan->orderByData->sk_flags & SK_ISNULL)
-		value = PointerGetDatum(NULL);
+		value = PointerGetDatum(InitVector(GetDimensions(scan->indexRelation)));
 	else
 	{
 		value = scan->orderByData->sk_argument;
@@ -59,9 +81,9 @@ GetScanValue(IndexScanDesc scan)
 		Assert(!VARATT_IS_COMPRESSED(DatumGetPointer(value)));
 		Assert(!VARATT_IS_EXTENDED(DatumGetPointer(value)));
 
-		/* Normalize if needed */
+		/* Fine if normalization fails */
 		if (so->normprocinfo != NULL)
-			value = HnswNormValue(so->typeInfo, so->collation, value);
+			HnswNormValue(so->normprocinfo, so->collation, &value, NULL);
 	}
 
 	return value;
@@ -79,7 +101,6 @@ hnswbeginscan(Relation index, int nkeys, int norderbys)
 	scan = RelationGetIndexScan(index, nkeys, norderbys);
 
 	so = (HnswScanOpaque) palloc(sizeof(HnswScanOpaqueData));
-	so->typeInfo = HnswGetTypeInfo(index);
 	so->first = true;
 	so->tmpCtx = AllocSetContextCreate(CurrentMemoryContext,
 									   "Hnsw scan temporary context",
@@ -159,32 +180,32 @@ hnswgettuple(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir)
 		UnlockPage(scan->indexRelation, HNSW_SCAN_LOCK, ShareLock);
 
 		so->first = false;
-
-#if defined(HNSW_MEMORY) && PG_VERSION_NUM >= 130000
-		elog(INFO, "memory: %zu MB", MemoryContextMemAllocated(so->tmpCtx, false) / (1024 * 1024));
-#endif
 	}
 
 	while (list_length(so->w) > 0)
 	{
-		char	   *base = NULL;
 		HnswCandidate *hc = llast(so->w);
-		HnswElement element = HnswPtrAccess(base, hc->element);
 		ItemPointer heaptid;
 
 		/* Move to next element if no valid heap TIDs */
-		if (element->heaptidsLength == 0)
+		if (list_length(hc->element->heaptids) == 0)
 		{
 			so->w = list_delete_last(so->w);
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		heaptid = &element->heaptids[--element->heaptidsLength];
+		heaptid = llast(hc->element->heaptids);
+
+		hc->element->heaptids = list_delete_last(hc->element->heaptids);
 
 		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldCtx);
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 		scan->xs_heaptid = *heaptid;
-		scan->xs_recheck = false;
+#else
+		scan->xs_ctup.t_self = *heaptid;
+#endif
+
 		scan->xs_recheckorderby = false;
 		return true;
 	}

src/hnswvacuum.c

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 #include <math.h>
 
-#include "access/generic_xlog.h"
 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
 #include "hnsw.h"
 #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
@@ -13,9 +12,12 @@
  * Check if deleted list contains an index TID
  */
 static bool
-DeletedContains(tidhash_hash * deleted, ItemPointer indextid)
+DeletedContains(HTAB *deleted, ItemPointer indextid)
 {
-	return tidhash_lookup(deleted, *indextid) != NULL;
+	bool		found;
+
+	hash_search(deleted, indextid, HASH_FIND, &found);
+	return found;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -60,7 +62,8 @@ RemoveHeapTids(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate)
 		/* Iterate over nodes */
 		for (offno = FirstOffsetNumber; offno <= maxoffno; offno = OffsetNumberNext(offno))
 		{
-			HnswElementTuple etup = (HnswElementTuple) PageGetItem(page, PageGetItemId(page, offno));
+			ItemId		itemid = PageGetItemId(page, offno);
+			HnswElementTuple etup = (HnswElementTuple) PageGetItem(page, itemid);
 			int			idx = 0;
 			bool		itemUpdated = false;
 
@@ -91,10 +94,15 @@ RemoveHeapTids(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate)
 
 				if (itemUpdated)
 				{
+					Size		etupSize = ItemIdGetLength(itemid);
+
 					/* Mark rest as invalid */
 					for (int i = idx; i < HNSW_HEAPTIDS; i++)
 						ItemPointerSetInvalid(&etup->heaptids[i]);
 
+					if (!PageIndexTupleOverwrite(page, offno, (Item) etup, etupSize))
+						elog(ERROR, "failed to add index item to \"%s\"", RelationGetRelationName(index));
+
 					updated = true;
 				}
 			}
@@ -102,13 +110,11 @@ RemoveHeapTids(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate)
 			if (!ItemPointerIsValid(&etup->heaptids[0]))
 			{
 				ItemPointerData ip;
-				bool		found;
 
 				/* Add to deleted list */
 				ItemPointerSet(&ip, blkno, offno);
 
-				tidhash_insert(vacuumstate->deleted, ip, &found);
+				(void) hash_search(vacuumstate->deleted, &ip, HASH_ENTER, NULL);
-				Assert(!found);
 			}
 			else if (etup->level > highestLevel && !(entryPoint != NULL && blkno == entryPoint->blkno && offno == entryPoint->offno))
 			{
@@ -194,25 +200,21 @@ RepairGraphElement(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate, HnswElement element, HnswEleme
 	BufferAccessStrategy bas = vacuumstate->bas;
 	HnswNeighborTuple ntup = vacuumstate->ntup;
 	Size		ntupSize = HNSW_NEIGHBOR_TUPLE_SIZE(element->level, m);
-	char	   *base = NULL;
 
 	/* Skip if element is entry point */
 	if (entryPoint != NULL && element->blkno == entryPoint->blkno && element->offno == entryPoint->offno)
 		return;
 
 	/* Init fields */
-	HnswInitNeighbors(base, element, m, NULL);
+	HnswInitNeighbors(element, m);
-	element->heaptidsLength = 0;
+	element->heaptids = NIL;
 
-	/* Find neighbors for element, skipping itself */
+	/* Add element to graph, skipping itself */
-	HnswFindElementNeighbors(base, element, entryPoint, index, procinfo, collation, m, efConstruction, true);
+	HnswInsertElement(element, entryPoint, index, procinfo, collation, m, efConstruction, true);
-
-	/* Zero memory for each element */
-	MemSet(ntup, 0, HNSW_TUPLE_ALLOC_SIZE);
 
 	/* Update neighbor tuple */
 	/* Do this before getting page to minimize locking */
-	HnswSetNeighborTuple(base, ntup, element, m);
+	HnswSetNeighborTuple(ntup, element, m);
 
 	/* Get neighbor page */
 	buf = ReadBufferExtended(index, MAIN_FORKNUM, element->neighborPage, RBM_NORMAL, bas);
@@ -229,7 +231,7 @@ RepairGraphElement(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate, HnswElement element, HnswEleme
 	UnlockReleaseBuffer(buf);
 
 	/* Update neighbors */
-	HnswUpdateNeighborsOnDisk(index, procinfo, collation, element, m, true, false);
+	HnswUpdateNeighborPages(index, procinfo, collation, element, m, true);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -285,7 +287,7 @@ RepairGraphEntryPoint(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate)
 			 * point is outdated and empty, the entry point will be empty
 			 * until an element is repaired.
 			 */
-			HnswUpdateMetaPage(index, HNSW_UPDATE_ENTRY_ALWAYS, highestPoint, InvalidBlockNumber, MAIN_FORKNUM, false);
+			HnswUpdateMetaPage(index, HNSW_UPDATE_ENTRY_ALWAYS, highestPoint, InvalidBlockNumber, MAIN_FORKNUM);
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -300,7 +302,7 @@ RepairGraphEntryPoint(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate)
 			{
 				/* Reset neighbors from previous update */
 				if (highestPoint != NULL)
-					HnswPtrStore((char *) NULL, highestPoint->neighbors, (HnswNeighborArrayPtr *) NULL);
+					highestPoint->neighbors = NULL;
 
 				RepairGraphElement(vacuumstate, entryPoint, highestPoint);
 			}
@@ -418,7 +420,7 @@ RepairGraph(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate)
 			 * was replaced and highest point was outdated.
 			 */
 			if (entryPoint == NULL || element->level > entryPoint->level)
-				HnswUpdateMetaPage(index, HNSW_UPDATE_ENTRY_GREATER, element, InvalidBlockNumber, MAIN_FORKNUM, false);
+				HnswUpdateMetaPage(index, HNSW_UPDATE_ENTRY_GREATER, element, InvalidBlockNumber, MAIN_FORKNUM);
 
 			/* Release lock */
 			UnlockPage(index, HNSW_UPDATE_LOCK, lockmode);
@@ -476,8 +478,11 @@ MarkDeleted(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate)
 		/* Update element and neighbors together */
 		for (offno = FirstOffsetNumber; offno <= maxoffno; offno = OffsetNumberNext(offno))
 		{
-			HnswElementTuple etup = (HnswElementTuple) PageGetItem(page, PageGetItemId(page, offno));
+			ItemId		itemid = PageGetItemId(page, offno);
+			HnswElementTuple etup = (HnswElementTuple) PageGetItem(page, itemid);
 			HnswNeighborTuple ntup;
+			Size		etupSize;
+			Size		ntupSize;
 			Buffer		nbuf;
 			Page		npage;
 			BlockNumber neighborPage;
@@ -501,6 +506,10 @@ MarkDeleted(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate)
 			if (ItemPointerIsValid(&etup->heaptids[0]))
 				continue;
 
+			/* Calculate sizes */
+			etupSize = ItemIdGetLength(itemid);
+			ntupSize = HNSW_NEIGHBOR_TUPLE_SIZE(etup->level, vacuumstate->m);
+
 			/* Get neighbor page */
 			neighborPage = ItemPointerGetBlockNumber(&etup->neighbortid);
 			neighborOffno = ItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(&etup->neighbortid);
@@ -527,10 +536,13 @@ MarkDeleted(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate)
 			for (int i = 0; i < ntup->count; i++)
 				ItemPointerSetInvalid(&ntup->indextids[i]);
 
-			/*
+			/* Overwrite element tuple */
-			 * We modified the tuples in place, no need to call
+			if (!PageIndexTupleOverwrite(page, offno, (Item) etup, etupSize))
-			 * PageIndexTupleOverwrite
+				elog(ERROR, "failed to add index item to \"%s\"", RelationGetRelationName(index));
-			 */
+
+			/* Overwrite neighbor tuple */
+			if (!PageIndexTupleOverwrite(npage, neighborOffno, (Item) ntup, ntupSize))
+				elog(ERROR, "failed to add index item to \"%s\"", RelationGetRelationName(index));
 
 			/* Commit */
 			GenericXLogFinish(state);
@@ -553,7 +565,7 @@ MarkDeleted(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate)
 	}
 
 	/* Update insert page last, after everything has been marked as deleted */
-	HnswUpdateMetaPage(index, 0, NULL, insertPage, MAIN_FORKNUM, false);
+	HnswUpdateMetaPage(index, 0, NULL, insertPage, MAIN_FORKNUM);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,6 +575,7 @@ static void
 InitVacuumState(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate, IndexVacuumInfo *info, IndexBulkDeleteResult *stats, IndexBulkDeleteCallback callback, void *callback_state)
 {
 	Relation	index = info->index;
+	HASHCTL		hash_ctl;
 
 	if (stats == NULL)
 		stats = (IndexBulkDeleteResult *) palloc0(sizeof(IndexBulkDeleteResult));
@@ -575,7 +588,7 @@ InitVacuumState(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate, IndexVacuumInfo *info, IndexBulkD
 	vacuumstate->bas = GetAccessStrategy(BAS_BULKREAD);
 	vacuumstate->procinfo = index_getprocinfo(index, 1, HNSW_DISTANCE_PROC);
 	vacuumstate->collation = index->rd_indcollation[0];
-	vacuumstate->ntup = palloc0(HNSW_TUPLE_ALLOC_SIZE);
+	vacuumstate->ntup = palloc0(BLCKSZ);
 	vacuumstate->tmpCtx = AllocSetContextCreate(CurrentMemoryContext,
 												"Hnsw vacuum temporary context",
 												ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
@@ -584,7 +597,10 @@ InitVacuumState(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate, IndexVacuumInfo *info, IndexBulkD
 	HnswGetMetaPageInfo(index, &vacuumstate->m, NULL);
 
 	/* Create hash table */
-	vacuumstate->deleted = tidhash_create(CurrentMemoryContext, 256, NULL);
+	hash_ctl.keysize = sizeof(ItemPointerData);
+	hash_ctl.entrysize = sizeof(ItemPointerData);
+	hash_ctl.hcxt = CurrentMemoryContext;
+	vacuumstate->deleted = hash_create("hnswbulkdelete indextids", 256, &hash_ctl, HASH_ELEM | HASH_BLOBS | HASH_CONTEXT);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -593,7 +609,7 @@ InitVacuumState(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate, IndexVacuumInfo *info, IndexBulkD
 static void
 FreeVacuumState(HnswVacuumState * vacuumstate)
 {
-	tidhash_destroy(vacuumstate->deleted);
+	hash_destroy(vacuumstate->deleted);
 	FreeAccessStrategy(vacuumstate->bas);
 	pfree(vacuumstate->ntup);
 	MemoryContextDelete(vacuumstate->tmpCtx);

src/ivfbuild.c

@@ -2,41 +2,58 @@
 
 #include <float.h>
 
-#include "access/table.h"
-#include "access/tableam.h"
 #include "access/parallel.h"
 #include "access/xact.h"
-#include "bitvec.h"
 #include "catalog/index.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_operator_d.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type_d.h"
-#include "commands/progress.h"
-#include "halfvec.h"
 #include "ivfflat.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
-#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
 #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
 #include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
-#include "vector.h"
 
 #if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 140000
 #include "utils/backend_progress.h"
-#else
+#elif PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 #include "pgstat.h"
 #endif
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
+#include "access/tableam.h"
+#include "commands/progress.h"
+#else
+#define PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_SUBPHASE 0
+#define PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_TUPLES_TOTAL 0
+#define PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_TUPLES_DONE 0
+#endif
+
 #if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 130000
 #define CALLBACK_ITEM_POINTER ItemPointer tid
 #else
 #define CALLBACK_ITEM_POINTER HeapTuple hup
 #endif
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
+#define UpdateProgress(index, val) pgstat_progress_update_param(index, val)
+#else
+#define UpdateProgress(index, val) ((void)val)
+#endif
+
 #if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 140000
 #include "utils/backend_status.h"
 #include "utils/wait_event.h"
 #endif
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
+#include "access/table.h"
+#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
+#else
+#include "access/heapam.h"
+#include "optimizer/planner.h"
+#include "pgstat.h"
+#endif
+
 #define PARALLEL_KEY_IVFFLAT_SHARED		UINT64CONST(0xA000000000000001)
 #define PARALLEL_KEY_TUPLESORT			UINT64CONST(0xA000000000000002)
 #define PARALLEL_KEY_IVFFLAT_CENTERS	UINT64CONST(0xA000000000000003)
@@ -60,15 +77,13 @@ AddSample(Datum *values, IvfflatBuildState * buildstate)
 	 */
 	if (buildstate->kmeansnormprocinfo != NULL)
 	{
-		if (!IvfflatCheckNorm(buildstate->kmeansnormprocinfo, buildstate->collation, value))
+		if (!IvfflatNormValue(buildstate->kmeansnormprocinfo, buildstate->collation, &value, buildstate->normvec))
 			return;
-
-		value = IvfflatNormValue(buildstate->typeInfo, buildstate->collation, value);
 	}
 
 	if (samples->length < targsamples)
 	{
-		VectorArraySet(samples, samples->length, DatumGetPointer(value));
+		VectorArraySet(samples, samples->length, DatumGetVector(value));
 		samples->length++;
 	}
 	else
@@ -85,7 +100,7 @@ AddSample(Datum *values, IvfflatBuildState * buildstate)
 #endif
 
 			Assert(k >= 0 && k < targsamples);
-			VectorArraySet(samples, k, DatumGetPointer(value));
+			VectorArraySet(samples, k, DatumGetVector(value));
 		}
 
 		buildstate->rowstoskip -= 1;
@@ -110,7 +125,7 @@ SampleCallback(Relation index, CALLBACK_ITEM_POINTER, Datum *values,
 	oldCtx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(buildstate->tmpCtx);
 
 	/* Add sample */
-	AddSample(values, buildstate);
+	AddSample(values, state);
 
 	/* Reset memory context */
 	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldCtx);
@@ -135,8 +150,13 @@ SampleRows(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate)
 	{
 		BlockNumber targblock = BlockSampler_Next(&buildstate->bs);
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 		table_index_build_range_scan(buildstate->heap, buildstate->index, buildstate->indexInfo,
 									 false, true, false, targblock, 1, SampleCallback, (void *) buildstate, NULL);
+#else
+		IndexBuildHeapRangeScan(buildstate->heap, buildstate->index, buildstate->indexInfo,
+								false, true, targblock, 1, SampleCallback, (void *) buildstate, NULL);
+#endif
 	}
 }
 
@@ -158,10 +178,8 @@ AddTupleToSort(Relation index, ItemPointer tid, Datum *values, IvfflatBuildState
 	/* Normalize if needed */
 	if (buildstate->normprocinfo != NULL)
 	{
-		if (!IvfflatCheckNorm(buildstate->normprocinfo, buildstate->collation, value))
+		if (!IvfflatNormValue(buildstate->normprocinfo, buildstate->collation, &value, buildstate->normvec))
 			return;
-
-		value = IvfflatNormValue(buildstate->typeInfo, buildstate->collation, value);
 	}
 
 	/* Find the list that minimizes the distance */
@@ -264,12 +282,16 @@ InsertTuples(Relation index, IvfflatBuildState * buildstate, ForkNumber forkNum)
 	IndexTuple	itup = NULL;	/* silence compiler warning */
 	int64		inserted = 0;
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	TupleTableSlot *slot = MakeSingleTupleTableSlot(buildstate->tupdesc, &TTSOpsMinimalTuple);
+#else
+	TupleTableSlot *slot = MakeSingleTupleTableSlot(buildstate->tupdesc);
+#endif
 	TupleDesc	tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(index);
 
-	pgstat_progress_update_param(PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_SUBPHASE, PROGRESS_IVFFLAT_PHASE_LOAD);
+	UpdateProgress(PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_SUBPHASE, PROGRESS_IVFFLAT_PHASE_LOAD);
 
-	pgstat_progress_update_param(PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_TUPLES_TOTAL, buildstate->indtuples);
+	UpdateProgress(PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_TUPLES_TOTAL, buildstate->indtuples);
 
 	GetNextTuple(buildstate->sortstate, tupdesc, slot, &itup, &list);
 
@@ -305,7 +327,7 @@ InsertTuples(Relation index, IvfflatBuildState * buildstate, ForkNumber forkNum)
 
 			pfree(itup);
 
-			pgstat_progress_update_param(PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_TUPLES_DONE, ++inserted);
+			UpdateProgress(PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_TUPLES_DONE, ++inserted);
 
 			GetNextTuple(buildstate->sortstate, tupdesc, slot, &itup, &list);
 		}
@@ -328,21 +350,16 @@ InitBuildState(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate, Relation heap, Relation index, In
 	buildstate->heap = heap;
 	buildstate->index = index;
 	buildstate->indexInfo = indexInfo;
-	buildstate->typeInfo = IvfflatGetTypeInfo(index);
 
 	buildstate->lists = IvfflatGetLists(index);
 	buildstate->dimensions = TupleDescAttr(index->rd_att, 0)->atttypmod;
 
-	/* Disallow varbit since require fixed dimensions */
-	if (TupleDescAttr(index->rd_att, 0)->atttypid == VARBITOID)
-		elog(ERROR, "type not supported for ivfflat index");
-
 	/* Require column to have dimensions to be indexed */
 	if (buildstate->dimensions < 0)
 		elog(ERROR, "column does not have dimensions");
 
-	if (buildstate->dimensions > buildstate->typeInfo->maxDimensions)
+	if (buildstate->dimensions > IVFFLAT_MAX_DIM)
-		elog(ERROR, "column cannot have more than %d dimensions for ivfflat index", buildstate->typeInfo->maxDimensions);
+		elog(ERROR, "column cannot have more than %d dimensions for ivfflat index", IVFFLAT_MAX_DIM);
 
 	buildstate->reltuples = 0;
 	buildstate->indtuples = 0;
@@ -358,16 +375,27 @@ InitBuildState(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate, Relation heap, Relation index, In
 		elog(ERROR, "dimensions must be greater than one for this opclass");
 
 	/* Create tuple description for sorting */
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	buildstate->tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(3);
+#else
+	buildstate->tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(3, false);
+#endif
 	TupleDescInitEntry(buildstate->tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "list", INT4OID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(buildstate->tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "tid", TIDOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(buildstate->tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "vector", RelationGetDescr(index)->attrs[0].atttypid, -1, 0);
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	buildstate->slot = MakeSingleTupleTableSlot(buildstate->tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
+#else
+	buildstate->slot = MakeSingleTupleTableSlot(buildstate->tupdesc);
+#endif
 
-	buildstate->centers = VectorArrayInit(buildstate->lists, buildstate->dimensions, buildstate->typeInfo->itemSize(buildstate->dimensions));
+	buildstate->centers = VectorArrayInit(buildstate->lists, buildstate->dimensions);
 	buildstate->listInfo = palloc(sizeof(ListInfo) * buildstate->lists);
 
+	/* Reuse for each tuple */
+	buildstate->normvec = InitVector(buildstate->dimensions);
+
 	buildstate->tmpCtx = AllocSetContextCreate(CurrentMemoryContext,
 											   "Ivfflat build temporary context",
 											   ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
@@ -389,6 +417,7 @@ FreeBuildState(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate)
 {
 	VectorArrayFree(buildstate->centers);
 	pfree(buildstate->listInfo);
+	pfree(buildstate->normvec);
 
 #ifdef IVFFLAT_KMEANS_DEBUG
 	pfree(buildstate->listSums);
@@ -406,7 +435,7 @@ ComputeCenters(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate)
 {
 	int			numSamples;
 
-	pgstat_progress_update_param(PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_SUBPHASE, PROGRESS_IVFFLAT_PHASE_KMEANS);
+	UpdateProgress(PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_SUBPHASE, PROGRESS_IVFFLAT_PHASE_KMEANS);
 
 	/* Target 50 samples per list, with at least 10000 samples */
 	/* The number of samples has a large effect on index build time */
@@ -420,7 +449,7 @@ ComputeCenters(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate)
 
 	/* Sample rows */
 	/* TODO Ensure within maintenance_work_mem */
-	buildstate->samples = VectorArrayInit(numSamples, buildstate->dimensions, buildstate->centers->itemsize);
+	buildstate->samples = VectorArrayInit(numSamples, buildstate->dimensions);
 	if (buildstate->heap != NULL)
 	{
 		SampleRows(buildstate);
@@ -435,7 +464,7 @@ ComputeCenters(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate)
 	}
 
 	/* Calculate centers */
-	IvfflatBench("k-means", IvfflatKmeans(buildstate->index, buildstate->samples, buildstate->centers, buildstate->typeInfo));
+	IvfflatBench("k-means", IvfflatKmeans(buildstate->index, buildstate->samples, buildstate->centers));
 
 	/* Free samples before we allocate more memory */
 	VectorArrayFree(buildstate->samples);
@@ -480,8 +509,8 @@ CreateListPages(Relation index, VectorArray centers, int dimensions,
 	Size		listSize;
 	IvfflatList list;
 
-	listSize = MAXALIGN(IVFFLAT_LIST_SIZE(centers->itemsize));
+	listSize = MAXALIGN(IVFFLAT_LIST_SIZE(dimensions));
-	list = palloc0(listSize);
+	list = palloc(listSize);
 
 	buf = IvfflatNewBuffer(index, forkNum);
 	IvfflatInitRegisterPage(index, &buf, &page, &state);
@@ -490,13 +519,10 @@ CreateListPages(Relation index, VectorArray centers, int dimensions,
 	{
 		OffsetNumber offno;
 
-		/* Zero memory for each list */
-		MemSet(list, 0, listSize);
-
 		/* Load list */
 		list->startPage = InvalidBlockNumber;
 		list->insertPage = InvalidBlockNumber;
-		memcpy(&list->center, VectorArrayGet(centers, i), VARSIZE_ANY(VectorArrayGet(centers, i)));
+		memcpy(&list->center, VectorArrayGet(centers, i), VECTOR_SIZE(dimensions));
 
 		/* Ensure free space */
 		if (PageGetFreeSpace(page) < listSize)
@@ -517,10 +543,10 @@ CreateListPages(Relation index, VectorArray centers, int dimensions,
 	pfree(list);
 }
 
-#ifdef IVFFLAT_KMEANS_DEBUG
 /*
  * Print k-means metrics
  */
+#ifdef IVFFLAT_KMEANS_DEBUG
 static void
 PrintKmeansMetrics(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate)
 {
@@ -601,11 +627,15 @@ ParallelHeapScan(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate)
  * Perform a worker's portion of a parallel sort
  */
 static void
-IvfflatParallelScanAndSort(IvfflatSpool * ivfspool, IvfflatShared * ivfshared, Sharedsort *sharedsort, char *ivfcenters, int sortmem, bool progress)
+IvfflatParallelScanAndSort(IvfflatSpool * ivfspool, IvfflatShared * ivfshared, Sharedsort *sharedsort, Vector * ivfcenters, int sortmem, bool progress)
 {
 	SortCoordinate coordinate;
 	IvfflatBuildState buildstate;
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	TableScanDesc scan;
+#else
+	HeapScanDesc scan;
+#endif
 	double		reltuples;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
 
@@ -625,15 +655,22 @@ IvfflatParallelScanAndSort(IvfflatSpool * ivfspool, IvfflatShared * ivfshared, S
 	indexInfo = BuildIndexInfo(ivfspool->index);
 	indexInfo->ii_Concurrent = ivfshared->isconcurrent;
 	InitBuildState(&buildstate, ivfspool->heap, ivfspool->index, indexInfo);
-	memcpy(buildstate.centers->items, ivfcenters, buildstate.centers->itemsize * buildstate.centers->maxlen);
+	memcpy(buildstate.centers->items, ivfcenters, VECTOR_SIZE(buildstate.centers->dim) * buildstate.centers->maxlen);
 	buildstate.centers->length = buildstate.centers->maxlen;
 	ivfspool->sortstate = tuplesort_begin_heap(buildstate.tupdesc, 1, attNums, sortOperators, sortCollations, nullsFirstFlags, sortmem, coordinate, false);
 	buildstate.sortstate = ivfspool->sortstate;
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	scan = table_beginscan_parallel(ivfspool->heap,
 									ParallelTableScanFromIvfflatShared(ivfshared));
 	reltuples = table_index_build_scan(ivfspool->heap, ivfspool->index, indexInfo,
 									   true, progress, BuildCallback,
 									   (void *) &buildstate, scan);
+#else
+	scan = heap_beginscan_parallel(ivfspool->heap, &ivfshared->heapdesc);
+	reltuples = IndexBuildHeapScan(ivfspool->heap, ivfspool->index, indexInfo,
+								   true, BuildCallback,
+								   (void *) &buildstate, scan);
+#endif
 
 	/* Execute this worker's part of the sort */
 	tuplesort_performsort(ivfspool->sortstate);
@@ -673,7 +710,7 @@ IvfflatParallelBuildMain(dsm_segment *seg, shm_toc *toc)
 	IvfflatSpool *ivfspool;
 	IvfflatShared *ivfshared;
 	Sharedsort *sharedsort;
-	char	   *ivfcenters;
+	Vector	   *ivfcenters;
 	Relation	heapRel;
 	Relation	indexRel;
 	LOCKMODE	heapLockmode;
@@ -703,7 +740,11 @@ IvfflatParallelBuildMain(dsm_segment *seg, shm_toc *toc)
 	}
 
 	/* Open relations within worker */
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	heapRel = table_open(ivfshared->heaprelid, heapLockmode);
+#else
+	heapRel = heap_open(ivfshared->heaprelid, heapLockmode);
+#endif
 	indexRel = index_open(ivfshared->indexrelid, indexLockmode);
 
 	/* Initialize worker's own spool */
@@ -723,7 +764,11 @@ IvfflatParallelBuildMain(dsm_segment *seg, shm_toc *toc)
 
 	/* Close relations within worker */
 	index_close(indexRel, indexLockmode);
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	table_close(heapRel, heapLockmode);
+#else
+	heap_close(heapRel, heapLockmode);
+#endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -748,7 +793,19 @@ IvfflatEndParallel(IvfflatLeader * ivfleader)
 static Size
 ParallelEstimateShared(Relation heap, Snapshot snapshot)
 {
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	return add_size(BUFFERALIGN(sizeof(IvfflatShared)), table_parallelscan_estimate(heap, snapshot));
+#else
+	if (!IsMVCCSnapshot(snapshot))
+	{
+		Assert(snapshot == SnapshotAny);
+		return sizeof(IvfflatShared);
+	}
+
+	return add_size(offsetof(IvfflatShared, heapdesc) +
+					offsetof(ParallelHeapScanDescData, phs_snapshot_data),
+					EstimateSnapshotSpace(snapshot));
+#endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -787,7 +844,7 @@ IvfflatBeginParallel(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate, bool isconcurrent, int requ
 	Size		estcenters;
 	IvfflatShared *ivfshared;
 	Sharedsort *sharedsort;
-	char	   *ivfcenters;
+	Vector	   *ivfcenters;
 	IvfflatLeader *ivfleader = (IvfflatLeader *) palloc0(sizeof(IvfflatLeader));
 	bool		leaderparticipates = true;
 	int			querylen;
@@ -799,7 +856,11 @@ IvfflatBeginParallel(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate, bool isconcurrent, int requ
 	/* Enter parallel mode and create context */
 	EnterParallelMode();
 	Assert(request > 0);
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	pcxt = CreateParallelContext("vector", "IvfflatParallelBuildMain", request);
+#else
+	pcxt = CreateParallelContext("vector", "IvfflatParallelBuildMain", request, true);
+#endif
 
 	scantuplesortstates = leaderparticipates ? request + 1 : request;
 
@@ -814,7 +875,7 @@ IvfflatBeginParallel(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate, bool isconcurrent, int requ
 	shm_toc_estimate_chunk(&pcxt->estimator, estivfshared);
 	estsort = tuplesort_estimate_shared(scantuplesortstates);
 	shm_toc_estimate_chunk(&pcxt->estimator, estsort);
-	estcenters = buildstate->centers->itemsize * buildstate->centers->maxlen;
+	estcenters = VECTOR_SIZE(buildstate->dimensions) * buildstate->lists;
 	shm_toc_estimate_chunk(&pcxt->estimator, estcenters);
 	shm_toc_estimate_keys(&pcxt->estimator, 3);
 
@@ -857,16 +918,20 @@ IvfflatBeginParallel(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate, bool isconcurrent, int requ
 #ifdef IVFFLAT_KMEANS_DEBUG
 	ivfshared->inertia = 0;
 #endif
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	table_parallelscan_initialize(buildstate->heap,
 								  ParallelTableScanFromIvfflatShared(ivfshared),
 								  snapshot);
+#else
+	heap_parallelscan_initialize(&ivfshared->heapdesc, buildstate->heap, snapshot);
+#endif
 
 	/* Store shared tuplesort-private state, for which we reserved space */
 	sharedsort = (Sharedsort *) shm_toc_allocate(pcxt->toc, estsort);
 	tuplesort_initialize_shared(sharedsort, scantuplesortstates,
 								pcxt->seg);
 
-	ivfcenters = shm_toc_allocate(pcxt->toc, estcenters);
+	ivfcenters = (Vector *) shm_toc_allocate(pcxt->toc, estcenters);
 	memcpy(ivfcenters, buildstate->centers->items, estcenters);
 
 	shm_toc_insert(pcxt->toc, PARALLEL_KEY_IVFFLAT_SHARED, ivfshared);
@@ -930,7 +995,7 @@ AssignTuples(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate)
 	Oid			sortCollations[] = {InvalidOid};
 	bool		nullsFirstFlags[] = {false};
 
-	pgstat_progress_update_param(PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_SUBPHASE, PROGRESS_IVFFLAT_PHASE_ASSIGN);
+	UpdateProgress(PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_SUBPHASE, PROGRESS_IVFFLAT_PHASE_ASSIGN);
 
 	/* Calculate parallel workers */
 	if (buildstate->heap != NULL)
@@ -958,8 +1023,15 @@ AssignTuples(IvfflatBuildState * buildstate)
 		if (buildstate->ivfleader)
 			buildstate->reltuples = ParallelHeapScan(buildstate);
 		else
+		{
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 			buildstate->reltuples = table_index_build_scan(buildstate->heap, buildstate->index, buildstate->indexInfo,
 														   true, true, BuildCallback, (void *) buildstate, NULL);
+#else
+			buildstate->reltuples = IndexBuildHeapScan(buildstate->heap, buildstate->index, buildstate->indexInfo,
+													   true, BuildCallback, (void *) buildstate, NULL);
+#endif
+		}
 
 #ifdef IVFFLAT_KMEANS_DEBUG
 		PrintKmeansMetrics(buildstate);

src/ivfflat.c

@@ -3,16 +3,14 @@
 #include <float.h>
 
 #include "access/amapi.h"
-#include "access/reloptions.h"
-#include "commands/progress.h"
 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
 #include "ivfflat.h"
 #include "utils/guc.h"
 #include "utils/selfuncs.h"
 #include "utils/spccache.h"
 
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 150000
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
-#define MarkGUCPrefixReserved(x) EmitWarningsOnPlaceholders(x)
+#include "commands/progress.h"
 #endif
 
 int			ivfflat_probes;
@@ -35,13 +33,12 @@ IvfflatInit(void)
 	DefineCustomIntVariable("ivfflat.probes", "Sets the number of probes",
 							"Valid range is 1..lists.", &ivfflat_probes,
 							IVFFLAT_DEFAULT_PROBES, IVFFLAT_MIN_LISTS, IVFFLAT_MAX_LISTS, PGC_USERSET, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-
-	MarkGUCPrefixReserved("ivfflat");
 }
 
 /*
  * Get the name of index build phase
  */
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 static char *
 ivfflatbuildphasename(int64 phasenum)
 {
@@ -59,6 +56,7 @@ ivfflatbuildphasename(int64 phasenum)
 			return NULL;
 	}
 }
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Estimate the cost of an index scan
@@ -74,6 +72,9 @@ ivfflatcostestimate(PlannerInfo *root, IndexPath *path, double loop_count,
 	double		ratio;
 	double		spc_seq_page_cost;
 	Relation	index;
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 120000
+	List	   *qinfos;
+#endif
 
 	/* Never use index without order */
 	if (path->indexorderbys == NULL)
@@ -104,7 +105,12 @@ ivfflatcostestimate(PlannerInfo *root, IndexPath *path, double loop_count,
 	 */
 	costs.numIndexTuples = path->indexinfo->tuples * ratio;
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	genericcostestimate(root, path, loop_count, &costs);
+#else
+	qinfos = deconstruct_indexquals(path);
+	genericcostestimate(root, path, loop_count, qinfos, &costs);
+#endif
 
 	get_tablespace_page_costs(path->indexinfo->reltablespace, NULL, &spc_seq_page_cost);
 
@@ -188,7 +194,7 @@ ivfflathandler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	IndexAmRoutine *amroutine = makeNode(IndexAmRoutine);
 
 	amroutine->amstrategies = 0;
-	amroutine->amsupport = 5;
+	amroutine->amsupport = 4;
 #if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 130000
 	amroutine->amoptsprocnum = 0;
 #endif
@@ -221,7 +227,9 @@ ivfflathandler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	amroutine->amcostestimate = ivfflatcostestimate;
 	amroutine->amoptions = ivfflatoptions;
 	amroutine->amproperty = NULL;	/* TODO AMPROP_DISTANCE_ORDERABLE */
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	amroutine->ambuildphasename = ivfflatbuildphasename;
+#endif
 	amroutine->amvalidate = ivfflatvalidate;
 #if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 140000
 	amroutine->amadjustmembers = NULL;

src/ivfflat.h

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
 
 #include "postgres.h"
 
-#include "access/genam.h"
 #include "access/generic_xlog.h"
 #include "access/parallel.h"
-#include "lib/pairingheap.h"
+#include "access/reloptions.h"
 #include "nodes/execnodes.h"
 #include "port.h"				/* for random() */
 #include "utils/sampling.h"
@@ -17,6 +16,10 @@
 #include "common/pg_prng.h"
 #endif
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 120000
+#include "access/relscan.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef IVFFLAT_BENCH
 #include "portability/instr_time.h"
 #endif
@@ -28,7 +31,6 @@
 #define IVFFLAT_NORM_PROC 2
 #define IVFFLAT_KMEANS_DISTANCE_PROC 3
 #define IVFFLAT_KMEANS_NORM_PROC 4
-#define IVFFLAT_TYPE_INFO_PROC 5
 
 #define IVFFLAT_VERSION	1
 #define IVFFLAT_MAGIC_NUMBER 0x14FF1A7
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@
 #define PROGRESS_IVFFLAT_PHASE_ASSIGN	3
 #define PROGRESS_IVFFLAT_PHASE_LOAD		4
 
-#define IVFFLAT_LIST_SIZE(size)	(offsetof(IvfflatListData, center) + size)
+#define IVFFLAT_LIST_SIZE(_dim)	(offsetof(IvfflatListData, center) + VECTOR_SIZE(_dim))
 
 #define IvfflatPageGetOpaque(page)	((IvfflatPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(page))
 #define IvfflatPageGetMeta(page)	((IvfflatMetaPageData *) PageGetContents(page))
@@ -86,8 +88,7 @@ typedef struct VectorArrayData
 	int			length;
 	int			maxlen;
 	int			dim;
-	Size		itemsize;
+	Vector	   *items;
-	char	   *items;
 }			VectorArrayData;
 
 typedef VectorArrayData * VectorArray;
@@ -134,10 +135,16 @@ typedef struct IvfflatShared
 #ifdef IVFFLAT_KMEANS_DEBUG
 	double		inertia;
 #endif
+
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 120000
+	ParallelHeapScanDescData heapdesc;	/* must come last */
+#endif
 }			IvfflatShared;
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 #define ParallelTableScanFromIvfflatShared(shared) \
 	(ParallelTableScanDesc) ((char *) (shared) + BUFFERALIGN(sizeof(IvfflatShared)))
+#endif
 
 typedef struct IvfflatLeader
 {
@@ -146,25 +153,15 @@ typedef struct IvfflatLeader
 	IvfflatShared *ivfshared;
 	Sharedsort *sharedsort;
 	Snapshot	snapshot;
-	char	   *ivfcenters;
+	Vector	   *ivfcenters;
 }			IvfflatLeader;
 
-typedef struct IvfflatTypeInfo
-{
-	int			maxDimensions;
-	Datum		(*normalize) (PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
-	Size		(*itemSize) (int dimensions);
-	void		(*updateCenter) (Pointer v, int dimensions, float *x);
-	void		(*sumCenter) (Pointer v, float *x);
-}			IvfflatTypeInfo;
-
 typedef struct IvfflatBuildState
 {
 	/* Info */
 	Relation	heap;
 	Relation	index;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	const		IvfflatTypeInfo *typeInfo;
 
 	/* Settings */
 	int			dimensions;
@@ -184,6 +181,7 @@ typedef struct IvfflatBuildState
 	VectorArray samples;
 	VectorArray centers;
 	ListInfo   *listInfo;
+	Vector	   *normvec;
 
 #ifdef IVFFLAT_KMEANS_DEBUG
 	double		inertia;
@@ -245,7 +243,6 @@ typedef struct IvfflatScanList
 
 typedef struct IvfflatScanOpaqueData
 {
-	const		IvfflatTypeInfo *typeInfo;
 	int			probes;
 	int			dimensions;
 	bool		first;
@@ -260,7 +257,6 @@ typedef struct IvfflatScanOpaqueData
 	FmgrInfo   *procinfo;
 	FmgrInfo   *normprocinfo;
 	Oid			collation;
-	Datum		(*distfunc) (FmgrInfo *flinfo, Oid collation, Datum arg1, Datum arg2);
 
 	/* Lists */
 	pairingheap *listQueue;
@@ -269,29 +265,18 @@ typedef struct IvfflatScanOpaqueData
 
 typedef IvfflatScanOpaqueData * IvfflatScanOpaque;
 
-#define VECTOR_ARRAY_SIZE(_length, _size) (sizeof(VectorArrayData) + (_length) * MAXALIGN(_size))
+#define VECTOR_ARRAY_SIZE(_length, _dim) (sizeof(VectorArrayData) + (_length) * VECTOR_SIZE(_dim))
-
+#define VECTOR_ARRAY_OFFSET(_arr, _offset) ((char*) (_arr)->items + (_offset) * VECTOR_SIZE((_arr)->dim))
-/* Use functions instead of macros to avoid double evaluation */
+#define VectorArrayGet(_arr, _offset) ((Vector *) VECTOR_ARRAY_OFFSET(_arr, _offset))
-
+#define VectorArraySet(_arr, _offset, _val) memcpy(VECTOR_ARRAY_OFFSET(_arr, _offset), _val, VECTOR_SIZE((_arr)->dim))
-static inline Pointer
-VectorArrayGet(VectorArray arr, int offset)
-{
-	return ((char *) arr->items) + (offset * arr->itemsize);
-}
-
-static inline void
-VectorArraySet(VectorArray arr, int offset, Pointer val)
-{
-	memcpy(VectorArrayGet(arr, offset), val, VARSIZE_ANY(val));
-}
 
 /* Methods */
-VectorArray VectorArrayInit(int maxlen, int dimensions, Size itemsize);
+VectorArray VectorArrayInit(int maxlen, int dimensions);
 void		VectorArrayFree(VectorArray arr);
-void		IvfflatKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeInfo);
+void		PrintVectorArray(char *msg, VectorArray arr);
+void		IvfflatKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers);
 FmgrInfo   *IvfflatOptionalProcInfo(Relation index, uint16 procnum);
-Datum		IvfflatNormValue(const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeInfo, Oid collation, Datum value);
+bool		IvfflatNormValue(FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, Datum *value, Vector * result);
-bool		IvfflatCheckNorm(FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, Datum value);
 int			IvfflatGetLists(Relation index);
 void		IvfflatGetMetaPageInfo(Relation index, int *lists, int *dimensions);
 void		IvfflatUpdateList(Relation index, ListInfo listInfo, BlockNumber insertPage, BlockNumber originalInsertPage, BlockNumber startPage, ForkNumber forkNum);
@@ -301,7 +286,6 @@ Buffer		IvfflatNewBuffer(Relation index, ForkNumber forkNum);
 void		IvfflatInitPage(Buffer buf, Page page);
 void		IvfflatInitRegisterPage(Relation index, Buffer *buf, Page *page, GenericXLogState **state);
 void		IvfflatInit(void);
-const		IvfflatTypeInfo *IvfflatGetTypeInfo(Relation index);
 PGDLLEXPORT void IvfflatParallelBuildMain(dsm_segment *seg, shm_toc *toc);
 
 /* Index access methods */

src/ivfinsert.c

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 #include <float.h>
 
-#include "access/generic_xlog.h"
 #include "ivfflat.h"
 #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
@@ -67,7 +66,6 @@ FindInsertPage(Relation index, Datum *values, BlockNumber *insertPage, ListInfo
 static void
 InsertTuple(Relation index, Datum *values, bool *isnull, ItemPointer heap_tid, Relation heapRel)
 {
-	const		IvfflatTypeInfo *typeInfo = IvfflatGetTypeInfo(index);
 	IndexTuple	itup;
 	Datum		value;
 	FmgrInfo   *normprocinfo;
@@ -86,12 +84,8 @@ InsertTuple(Relation index, Datum *values, bool *isnull, ItemPointer heap_tid, R
 	normprocinfo = IvfflatOptionalProcInfo(index, IVFFLAT_NORM_PROC);
 	if (normprocinfo != NULL)
 	{
-		Oid			collation = index->rd_indcollation[0];
+		if (!IvfflatNormValue(normprocinfo, index->rd_indcollation[0], &value, NULL))
-
-		if (!IvfflatCheckNorm(normprocinfo, collation, value))
 			return;
-
-		value = IvfflatNormValue(typeInfo, collation, value);
 	}
 
 	/* Find the insert page - sets the page and list info */

src/ivfkmeans.c

@@ -3,15 +3,8 @@
 #include <float.h>
 #include <math.h>
 
-#include "bitvec.h"
-#include "halfutils.h"
-#include "halfvec.h"
 #include "ivfflat.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
-#include "utils/builtins.h"
-#include "utils/datum.h"
-#include "utils/memutils.h"
-#include "vector.h"
 
 /*
  * Initialize with kmeans++
@@ -49,12 +42,12 @@ InitCenters(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, float *low
 
 		for (j = 0; j < numSamples; j++)
 		{
-			Datum		vec = PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(samples, j));
+			Vector	   *vec = VectorArrayGet(samples, j);
 			double		distance;
 
 			/* Only need to compute distance for new center */
 			/* TODO Use triangle inequality to reduce distance calculations */
-			distance = DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall2Coll(procinfo, collation, vec, PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, i))));
+			distance = DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall2Coll(procinfo, collation, PointerGetDatum(vec), PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, i))));
 
 			/* Set lower bound */
 			lowerBound[j * numCenters + i] = distance;
@@ -89,166 +82,73 @@ InitCenters(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, float *low
 }
 
 /*
- * Norm centers
+ * Apply norm to vector
  */
-static void
+static inline void
-NormCenters(const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeInfo, Oid collation, VectorArray centers)
+ApplyNorm(FmgrInfo *normprocinfo, Oid collation, Vector * vec)
 {
-	MemoryContext normCtx = AllocSetContextCreate(CurrentMemoryContext,
+	double		norm = DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall1Coll(normprocinfo, collation, PointerGetDatum(vec)));
-												  "Ivfflat norm temporary context",
-												  ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
-	MemoryContext oldCtx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(normCtx);
 
-	for (int j = 0; j < centers->length; j++)
+	/* TODO Handle zero norm */
+	if (norm > 0)
 	{
-		Datum		center = PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, j));
+		for (int i = 0; i < vec->dim; i++)
-		Datum		newCenter = IvfflatNormValue(typeInfo, collation, center);
+			vec->x[i] /= norm;
-		Size		size = VARSIZE_ANY(DatumGetPointer(newCenter));
-
-		if (size > centers->itemsize)
-			elog(ERROR, "safety check failed");
-
-		memcpy(DatumGetPointer(center), DatumGetPointer(newCenter), size);
-		MemoryContextReset(normCtx);
 	}
-
-	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldCtx);
-	MemoryContextDelete(normCtx);
 }
 
 /*
- * Quick approach if we have no data
+ * Compare vectors
+ */
+static int
+CompareVectors(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	return vector_cmp_internal((Vector *) a, (Vector *) b);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Quick approach if we have little data
  */
 static void
-RandomCenters(Relation index, VectorArray centers, const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeInfo)
+QuickCenters(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers)
 {
 	int			dimensions = centers->dim;
-	FmgrInfo   *normprocinfo = IvfflatOptionalProcInfo(index, IVFFLAT_KMEANS_NORM_PROC);
 	Oid			collation = index->rd_indcollation[0];
-	float	   *x = (float *) palloc(sizeof(float) * dimensions);
+	FmgrInfo   *normprocinfo = IvfflatOptionalProcInfo(index, IVFFLAT_KMEANS_NORM_PROC);
 
-	/* Fill with random data */
+	/* Copy existing vectors while avoiding duplicates */
+	if (samples->length > 0)
+	{
+		qsort(samples->items, samples->length, VECTOR_SIZE(samples->dim), CompareVectors);
+		for (int i = 0; i < samples->length; i++)
+		{
+			Vector	   *vec = VectorArrayGet(samples, i);
+
+			if (i == 0 || CompareVectors(vec, VectorArrayGet(samples, i - 1)) != 0)
+			{
+				VectorArraySet(centers, centers->length, vec);
+				centers->length++;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Fill remaining with random data */
 	while (centers->length < centers->maxlen)
 	{
-		Pointer		center = VectorArrayGet(centers, centers->length);
+		Vector	   *vec = VectorArrayGet(centers, centers->length);
 
-		for (int i = 0; i < dimensions; i++)
+		SET_VARSIZE(vec, VECTOR_SIZE(dimensions));
-			x[i] = (float) RandomDouble();
+		vec->dim = dimensions;
 
-		typeInfo->updateCenter(center, dimensions, x);
+		for (int j = 0; j < dimensions; j++)
+			vec->x[j] = RandomDouble();
+
+		/* Normalize if needed (only needed for random centers) */
+		if (normprocinfo != NULL)
+			ApplyNorm(normprocinfo, collation, vec);
 
 		centers->length++;
 	}
-
-	if (normprocinfo != NULL)
-		NormCenters(typeInfo, collation, centers);
-}
-
-#ifdef IVFFLAT_MEMORY
-/*
- * Show memory usage
- */
-static void
-ShowMemoryUsage(MemoryContext context, Size estimatedSize)
-{
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 130000
-	elog(INFO, "total memory: %zu MB",
-		 MemoryContextMemAllocated(context, true) / (1024 * 1024));
-#else
-	MemoryContextStats(context);
-#endif
-	elog(INFO, "estimated memory: %zu MB", estimatedSize / (1024 * 1024));
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Sum centers
- */
-static void
-SumCenters(VectorArray samples, float *agg, int *closestCenters, const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeInfo)
-{
-	for (int j = 0; j < samples->length; j++)
-	{
-		float	   *x = agg + ((int64) closestCenters[j] * samples->dim);
-
-		typeInfo->sumCenter(VectorArrayGet(samples, j), x);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Update centers
- */
-static void
-UpdateCenters(float *agg, VectorArray centers, const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeInfo)
-{
-	for (int j = 0; j < centers->length; j++)
-	{
-		float	   *x = agg + ((int64) j * centers->dim);
-
-		typeInfo->updateCenter(VectorArrayGet(centers, j), centers->dim, x);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Compute new centers
- */
-static void
-ComputeNewCenters(VectorArray samples, float *agg, VectorArray newCenters, int *centerCounts, int *closestCenters, FmgrInfo *normprocinfo, Oid collation, const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeInfo)
-{
-	int			dimensions = newCenters->dim;
-	int			numCenters = newCenters->length;
-	int			numSamples = samples->length;
-
-	/* Reset sum and count */
-	for (int j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
-	{
-		float	   *x = agg + ((int64) j * dimensions);
-
-		for (int k = 0; k < dimensions; k++)
-			x[k] = 0.0;
-
-		centerCounts[j] = 0;
-	}
-
-	/* Increment sum of closest center */
-	SumCenters(samples, agg, closestCenters, typeInfo);
-
-	/* Increment count of closest center */
-	for (int j = 0; j < numSamples; j++)
-		centerCounts[closestCenters[j]] += 1;
-
-	/* Divide sum by count */
-	for (int j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
-	{
-		float	   *x = agg + ((int64) j * dimensions);
-
-		if (centerCounts[j] > 0)
-		{
-			/* Double avoids overflow, but requires more memory */
-			/* TODO Update bounds */
-			for (int k = 0; k < dimensions; k++)
-			{
-				if (isinf(x[k]))
-					x[k] = x[k] > 0 ? FLT_MAX : -FLT_MAX;
-			}
-
-			for (int k = 0; k < dimensions; k++)
-				x[k] /= centerCounts[j];
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			/* TODO Handle empty centers properly */
-			for (int k = 0; k < dimensions; k++)
-				x[k] = RandomDouble();
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* Set new centers */
-	UpdateCenters(agg, newCenters, typeInfo);
-
-	/* Normalize if needed */
-	if (normprocinfo != NULL)
-		NormCenters(typeInfo, collation, newCenters);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -260,16 +160,19 @@ ComputeNewCenters(VectorArray samples, float *agg, VectorArray newCenters, int *
  * https://www.aaai.org/Papers/ICML/2003/ICML03-022.pdf
  */
 static void
-ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeInfo)
+ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers)
 {
 	FmgrInfo   *procinfo;
 	FmgrInfo   *normprocinfo;
 	Oid			collation;
+	Vector	   *vec;
+	Vector	   *newCenter;
+	int64		j;
+	int64		k;
 	int			dimensions = centers->dim;
 	int			numCenters = centers->maxlen;
 	int			numSamples = samples->length;
 	VectorArray newCenters;
-	float	   *agg;
 	int		   *centerCounts;
 	int		   *closestCenters;
 	float	   *lowerBound;
@@ -279,10 +182,9 @@ ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const Ivff
 	float	   *newcdist;
 
 	/* Calculate allocation sizes */
-	Size		samplesSize = VECTOR_ARRAY_SIZE(samples->maxlen, samples->itemsize);
+	Size		samplesSize = VECTOR_ARRAY_SIZE(samples->maxlen, samples->dim);
-	Size		centersSize = VECTOR_ARRAY_SIZE(centers->maxlen, centers->itemsize);
+	Size		centersSize = VECTOR_ARRAY_SIZE(centers->maxlen, centers->dim);
-	Size		newCentersSize = VECTOR_ARRAY_SIZE(numCenters, centers->itemsize);
+	Size		newCentersSize = VECTOR_ARRAY_SIZE(numCenters, dimensions);
-	Size		aggSize = sizeof(float) * (int64) numCenters * dimensions;
 	Size		centerCountsSize = sizeof(int) * numCenters;
 	Size		closestCentersSize = sizeof(int) * numSamples;
 	Size		lowerBoundSize = sizeof(float) * numSamples * numCenters;
@@ -292,7 +194,7 @@ ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const Ivff
 	Size		newcdistSize = sizeof(float) * numCenters;
 
 	/* Calculate total size */
-	Size		totalSize = samplesSize + centersSize + newCentersSize + aggSize + centerCountsSize + closestCentersSize + lowerBoundSize + upperBoundSize + sSize + halfcdistSize + newcdistSize;
+	Size		totalSize = samplesSize + centersSize + newCentersSize + centerCountsSize + closestCentersSize + lowerBoundSize + upperBoundSize + sSize + halfcdistSize + newcdistSize;
 
 	/* Check memory requirements */
 	/* Add one to error message to ceil */
@@ -313,7 +215,6 @@ ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const Ivff
 
 	/* Allocate space */
 	/* Use float instead of double to save memory */
-	agg = palloc(aggSize);
 	centerCounts = palloc(centerCountsSize);
 	closestCenters = palloc(closestCentersSize);
 	lowerBound = palloc_extended(lowerBoundSize, MCXT_ALLOC_HUGE);
@@ -322,25 +223,25 @@ ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const Ivff
 	halfcdist = palloc_extended(halfcdistSize, MCXT_ALLOC_HUGE);
 	newcdist = palloc(newcdistSize);
 
-	/* Initialize new centers */
+	newCenters = VectorArrayInit(numCenters, dimensions);
-	newCenters = VectorArrayInit(numCenters, dimensions, centers->itemsize);
+	for (j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
-	newCenters->length = numCenters;
+	{
-
+		vec = VectorArrayGet(newCenters, j);
-#ifdef IVFFLAT_MEMORY
+		SET_VARSIZE(vec, VECTOR_SIZE(dimensions));
-	ShowMemoryUsage(MemoryContextGetParent(CurrentMemoryContext));
+		vec->dim = dimensions;
-#endif
+	}
 
 	/* Pick initial centers */
 	InitCenters(index, samples, centers, lowerBound);
 
 	/* Assign each x to its closest initial center c(x) = argmin d(x,c) */
-	for (int64 j = 0; j < numSamples; j++)
+	for (j = 0; j < numSamples; j++)
 	{
 		float		minDistance = FLT_MAX;
 		int			closestCenter = 0;
 
 		/* Find closest center */
-		for (int64 k = 0; k < numCenters; k++)
+		for (k = 0; k < numCenters; k++)
 		{
 			/* TODO Use Lemma 1 in k-means++ initialization */
 			float		distance = lowerBound[j * numCenters + k];
@@ -366,13 +267,13 @@ ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const Ivff
 		CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 
 		/* Step 1: For all centers, compute distance */
-		for (int64 j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
+		for (j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
 		{
-			Datum		vec = PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, j));
+			vec = VectorArrayGet(centers, j);
 
-			for (int64 k = j + 1; k < numCenters; k++)
+			for (k = j + 1; k < numCenters; k++)
 			{
-				float		distance = 0.5 * DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall2Coll(procinfo, collation, vec, PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, k))));
+				float		distance = 0.5 * DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall2Coll(procinfo, collation, PointerGetDatum(vec), PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, k))));
 
 				halfcdist[j * numCenters + k] = distance;
 				halfcdist[k * numCenters + j] = distance;
@@ -380,11 +281,11 @@ ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const Ivff
 		}
 
 		/* For all centers c, compute s(c) */
-		for (int64 j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
+		for (j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
 		{
 			float		minDistance = FLT_MAX;
 
-			for (int64 k = 0; k < numCenters; k++)
+			for (k = 0; k < numCenters; k++)
 			{
 				float		distance;
 
@@ -401,7 +302,7 @@ ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const Ivff
 
 		rjreset = iteration != 0;
 
-		for (int64 j = 0; j < numSamples; j++)
+		for (j = 0; j < numSamples; j++)
 		{
 			bool		rj;
 
@@ -411,9 +312,8 @@ ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const Ivff
 
 			rj = rjreset;
 
-			for (int64 k = 0; k < numCenters; k++)
+			for (k = 0; k < numCenters; k++)
 			{
-				Datum		vec;
 				float		dxcx;
 
 				/* Step 3: For all remaining points x and centers c */
@@ -426,12 +326,12 @@ ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const Ivff
 				if (upperBound[j] <= halfcdist[closestCenters[j] * numCenters + k])
 					continue;
 
-				vec = PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(samples, j));
+				vec = VectorArrayGet(samples, j);
 
 				/* Step 3a */
 				if (rj)
 				{
-					dxcx = DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall2Coll(procinfo, collation, vec, PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, closestCenters[j]))));
+					dxcx = DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall2Coll(procinfo, collation, PointerGetDatum(vec), PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, closestCenters[j]))));
 
 					/* d(x,c(x)) computed, which is a form of d(x,c) */
 					lowerBound[j * numCenters + closestCenters[j]] = dxcx;
@@ -445,7 +345,7 @@ ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const Ivff
 				/* Step 3b */
 				if (dxcx > lowerBound[j * numCenters + k] || dxcx > halfcdist[closestCenters[j] * numCenters + k])
 				{
-					float		dxc = DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall2Coll(procinfo, collation, vec, PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, k))));
+					float		dxc = DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall2Coll(procinfo, collation, PointerGetDatum(vec), PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, k))));
 
 					/* d(x,c) calculated */
 					lowerBound[j * numCenters + k] = dxc;
@@ -464,15 +364,66 @@ ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const Ivff
 		}
 
 		/* Step 4: For each center c, let m(c) be mean of all points assigned */
-		ComputeNewCenters(samples, agg, newCenters, centerCounts, closestCenters, normprocinfo, collation, typeInfo);
+		for (j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
+		{
+			vec = VectorArrayGet(newCenters, j);
+			for (k = 0; k < dimensions; k++)
+				vec->x[k] = 0.0;
+
+			centerCounts[j] = 0;
+		}
+
+		for (j = 0; j < numSamples; j++)
+		{
+			int			closestCenter;
+
+			vec = VectorArrayGet(samples, j);
+			closestCenter = closestCenters[j];
+
+			/* Increment sum and count of closest center */
+			newCenter = VectorArrayGet(newCenters, closestCenter);
+			for (k = 0; k < dimensions; k++)
+				newCenter->x[k] += vec->x[k];
+
+			centerCounts[closestCenter] += 1;
+		}
+
+		for (j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
+		{
+			vec = VectorArrayGet(newCenters, j);
+
+			if (centerCounts[j] > 0)
+			{
+				/* Double avoids overflow, but requires more memory */
+				/* TODO Update bounds */
+				for (k = 0; k < dimensions; k++)
+				{
+					if (isinf(vec->x[k]))
+						vec->x[k] = vec->x[k] > 0 ? FLT_MAX : -FLT_MAX;
+				}
+
+				for (k = 0; k < dimensions; k++)
+					vec->x[k] /= centerCounts[j];
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				/* TODO Handle empty centers properly */
+				for (k = 0; k < dimensions; k++)
+					vec->x[k] = RandomDouble();
+			}
+
+			/* Normalize if needed */
+			if (normprocinfo != NULL)
+				ApplyNorm(normprocinfo, collation, vec);
+		}
 
 		/* Step 5 */
-		for (int j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
+		for (j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
 			newcdist[j] = DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall2Coll(procinfo, collation, PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, j)), PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(newCenters, j))));
 
-		for (int64 j = 0; j < numSamples; j++)
+		for (j = 0; j < numSamples; j++)
 		{
-			for (int64 k = 0; k < numCenters; k++)
+			for (k = 0; k < numCenters; k++)
 			{
 				float		distance = lowerBound[j * numCenters + k] - newcdist[k];
 
@@ -485,78 +436,77 @@ ElkanKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const Ivff
 
 		/* Step 6 */
 		/* We reset r(x) before Step 3 in the next iteration */
-		for (int j = 0; j < numSamples; j++)
+		for (j = 0; j < numSamples; j++)
 			upperBound[j] += newcdist[closestCenters[j]];
 
 		/* Step 7 */
-		for (int j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
+		for (j = 0; j < numCenters; j++)
 			VectorArraySet(centers, j, VectorArrayGet(newCenters, j));
 
 		if (changes == 0 && iteration != 0)
 			break;
 	}
-}
 
-/*
+	VectorArrayFree(newCenters);
- * Ensure no NaN or infinite values
+	pfree(centerCounts);
- */
+	pfree(closestCenters);
-static void
+	pfree(lowerBound);
-CheckElements(VectorArray centers, const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeInfo)
+	pfree(upperBound);
-{
+	pfree(s);
-	float	   *scratch = palloc(sizeof(float) * centers->dim);
+	pfree(halfcdist);
-
+	pfree(newcdist);
-	for (int i = 0; i < centers->length; i++)
-	{
-		for (int j = 0; j < centers->dim; j++)
-			scratch[j] = 0;
-
-		/* /fp:fast may not propagate NaN with MSVC, but that's alright */
-		typeInfo->sumCenter(VectorArrayGet(centers, i), scratch);
-
-		for (int j = 0; j < centers->dim; j++)
-		{
-			if (isnan(scratch[j]))
-				elog(ERROR, "NaN detected. Please report a bug.");
-
-			if (isinf(scratch[j]))
-				elog(ERROR, "Infinite value detected. Please report a bug.");
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Ensure no zero vectors for cosine distance
- */
-static void
-CheckNorms(VectorArray centers, Relation index)
-{
-	/* Check NORM_PROC instead of KMEANS_NORM_PROC */
-	FmgrInfo   *normprocinfo = IvfflatOptionalProcInfo(index, IVFFLAT_NORM_PROC);
-	Oid			collation = index->rd_indcollation[0];
-
-	if (normprocinfo == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < centers->length; i++)
-	{
-		double		norm = DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall1Coll(normprocinfo, collation, PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, i))));
-
-		if (norm == 0)
-			elog(ERROR, "Zero norm detected. Please report a bug.");
-	}
 }
 
 /*
  * Detect issues with centers
  */
 static void
-CheckCenters(Relation index, VectorArray centers, const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeInfo)
+CheckCenters(Relation index, VectorArray centers)
 {
+	FmgrInfo   *normprocinfo;
+
 	if (centers->length != centers->maxlen)
 		elog(ERROR, "Not enough centers. Please report a bug.");
 
-	CheckElements(centers, typeInfo);
+	/* Ensure no NaN or infinite values */
-	CheckNorms(centers, index);
+	for (int i = 0; i < centers->length; i++)
+	{
+		Vector	   *vec = VectorArrayGet(centers, i);
+
+		for (int j = 0; j < vec->dim; j++)
+		{
+			if (isnan(vec->x[j]))
+				elog(ERROR, "NaN detected. Please report a bug.");
+
+			if (isinf(vec->x[j]))
+				elog(ERROR, "Infinite value detected. Please report a bug.");
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Ensure no duplicate centers */
+	/* Fine to sort in-place */
+	qsort(centers->items, centers->length, VECTOR_SIZE(centers->dim), CompareVectors);
+	for (int i = 1; i < centers->length; i++)
+	{
+		if (CompareVectors(VectorArrayGet(centers, i), VectorArrayGet(centers, i - 1)) == 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "Duplicate centers detected. Please report a bug.");
+	}
+
+	/* Ensure no zero vectors for cosine distance */
+	/* Check NORM_PROC instead of KMEANS_NORM_PROC */
+	normprocinfo = IvfflatOptionalProcInfo(index, IVFFLAT_NORM_PROC);
+	if (normprocinfo != NULL)
+	{
+		Oid			collation = index->rd_indcollation[0];
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < centers->length; i++)
+		{
+			double		norm = DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall1Coll(normprocinfo, collation, PointerGetDatum(VectorArrayGet(centers, i))));
+
+			if (norm == 0)
+				elog(ERROR, "Zero norm detected. Please report a bug.");
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -564,20 +514,12 @@ CheckCenters(Relation index, VectorArray centers, const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeIn
  * We use spherical k-means for inner product and cosine
  */
 void
-IvfflatKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers, const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeInfo)
+IvfflatKmeans(Relation index, VectorArray samples, VectorArray centers)
 {
-	MemoryContext kmeansCtx = AllocSetContextCreate(CurrentMemoryContext,
+	if (samples->length <= centers->maxlen)
-													"Ivfflat kmeans temporary context",
+		QuickCenters(index, samples, centers);
-													ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
-	MemoryContext oldCtx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(kmeansCtx);
-
-	if (samples->length == 0)
-		RandomCenters(index, centers, typeInfo);
 	else
-		ElkanKmeans(index, samples, centers, typeInfo);
+		ElkanKmeans(index, samples, centers);
 
-	CheckCenters(index, centers, typeInfo);
+	CheckCenters(index, centers);
-
-	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldCtx);
-	MemoryContextDelete(kmeansCtx);
 }

src/ivfscan.c

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include "access/relscan.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_operator_d.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type_d.h"
-#include "lib/pairingheap.h"
 #include "ivfflat.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ GetScanLists(IndexScanDesc scan, Datum value)
 			double		distance;
 
 			/* Use procinfo from the index instead of scan key for performance */
-			distance = DatumGetFloat8(so->distfunc(so->procinfo, so->collation, PointerGetDatum(&list->center), value));
+			distance = DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall2Coll(so->procinfo, so->collation, PointerGetDatum(&list->center), value));
 
 			if (listCount < so->probes)
 			{
@@ -106,7 +105,12 @@ GetScanItems(IndexScanDesc scan, Datum value)
 	IvfflatScanOpaque so = (IvfflatScanOpaque) scan->opaque;
 	TupleDesc	tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(scan->indexRelation);
 	double		tuples = 0;
+
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	TupleTableSlot *slot = MakeSingleTupleTableSlot(so->tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
+#else
+	TupleTableSlot *slot = MakeSingleTupleTableSlot(so->tupdesc);
+#endif
 
 	/*
 	 * Reuse same set of shared buffers for scan
@@ -149,7 +153,7 @@ GetScanItems(IndexScanDesc scan, Datum value)
 				 * performance
 				 */
 				ExecClearTuple(slot);
-				slot->tts_values[0] = so->distfunc(so->procinfo, so->collation, datum, value);
+				slot->tts_values[0] = FunctionCall2Coll(so->procinfo, so->collation, datum, value);
 				slot->tts_isnull[0] = false;
 				slot->tts_values[1] = PointerGetDatum(&itup->t_tid);
 				slot->tts_isnull[1] = false;
@@ -177,46 +181,6 @@ GetScanItems(IndexScanDesc scan, Datum value)
 	tuplesort_performsort(so->sortstate);
 }
 
-/*
- * Zero distance
- */
-static Datum
-ZeroDistance(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Oid collation, Datum arg1, Datum arg2)
-{
-	return Float8GetDatum(0.0);
-}
-
-/*
- * Get scan value
- */
-static Datum
-GetScanValue(IndexScanDesc scan)
-{
-	IvfflatScanOpaque so = (IvfflatScanOpaque) scan->opaque;
-	Datum		value;
-
-	if (scan->orderByData->sk_flags & SK_ISNULL)
-	{
-		value = PointerGetDatum(NULL);
-		so->distfunc = ZeroDistance;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		value = scan->orderByData->sk_argument;
-		so->distfunc = FunctionCall2Coll;
-
-		/* Value should not be compressed or toasted */
-		Assert(!VARATT_IS_COMPRESSED(DatumGetPointer(value)));
-		Assert(!VARATT_IS_EXTENDED(DatumGetPointer(value)));
-
-		/* Normalize if needed */
-		if (so->normprocinfo != NULL)
-			value = IvfflatNormValue(so->typeInfo, so->collation, value);
-	}
-
-	return value;
-}
-
 /*
  * Prepare for an index scan
  */
@@ -242,7 +206,6 @@ ivfflatbeginscan(Relation index, int nkeys, int norderbys)
 		probes = lists;
 
 	so = (IvfflatScanOpaque) palloc(offsetof(IvfflatScanOpaqueData, lists) + probes * sizeof(IvfflatScanList));
-	so->typeInfo = IvfflatGetTypeInfo(index);
 	so->first = true;
 	so->probes = probes;
 	so->dimensions = dimensions;
@@ -253,14 +216,22 @@ ivfflatbeginscan(Relation index, int nkeys, int norderbys)
 	so->collation = index->rd_indcollation[0];
 
 	/* Create tuple description for sorting */
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	so->tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(2);
+#else
+	so->tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(2, false);
+#endif
 	TupleDescInitEntry(so->tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "distance", FLOAT8OID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(so->tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "heaptid", TIDOID, -1, 0);
 
 	/* Prep sort */
 	so->sortstate = tuplesort_begin_heap(so->tupdesc, 1, attNums, sortOperators, sortCollations, nullsFirstFlags, work_mem, NULL, false);
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 	so->slot = MakeSingleTupleTableSlot(so->tupdesc, &TTSOpsMinimalTuple);
+#else
+	so->slot = MakeSingleTupleTableSlot(so->tupdesc);
+#endif
 
 	so->listQueue = pairingheap_allocate(CompareLists, scan);
 
@@ -322,7 +293,21 @@ ivfflatgettuple(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir)
 		if (!IsMVCCSnapshot(scan->xs_snapshot))
 			elog(ERROR, "non-MVCC snapshots are not supported with ivfflat");
 
-		value = GetScanValue(scan);
+		if (scan->orderByData->sk_flags & SK_ISNULL)
+			value = PointerGetDatum(InitVector(so->dimensions));
+		else
+		{
+			value = scan->orderByData->sk_argument;
+
+			/* Value should not be compressed or toasted */
+			Assert(!VARATT_IS_COMPRESSED(DatumGetPointer(value)));
+			Assert(!VARATT_IS_EXTENDED(DatumGetPointer(value)));
+
+			/* Fine if normalization fails */
+			if (so->normprocinfo != NULL)
+				IvfflatNormValue(so->normprocinfo, so->collation, &value, NULL);
+		}
+
 		IvfflatBench("GetScanLists", GetScanLists(scan, value));
 		IvfflatBench("GetScanItems", GetScanItems(scan, value));
 		so->first = false;
@@ -336,8 +321,12 @@ ivfflatgettuple(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir)
 	{
 		ItemPointer heaptid = (ItemPointer) DatumGetPointer(slot_getattr(so->slot, 2, &so->isnull));
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
 		scan->xs_heaptid = *heaptid;
-		scan->xs_recheck = false;
+#else
+		scan->xs_ctup.t_self = *heaptid;
+#endif
+
 		scan->xs_recheckorderby = false;
 		return true;
 	}

src/ivfutils.c

@@ -1,30 +1,21 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
-#include "access/generic_xlog.h"
-#include "bitvec.h"
-#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
-#include "fmgr.h"
-#include "halfutils.h"
-#include "halfvec.h"
 #include "ivfflat.h"
 #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
+#include "vector.h"
 
 /*
  * Allocate a vector array
  */
 VectorArray
-VectorArrayInit(int maxlen, int dimensions, Size itemsize)
+VectorArrayInit(int maxlen, int dimensions)
 {
 	VectorArray res = palloc(sizeof(VectorArrayData));
 
-	/* Ensure items are aligned to prevent UB */
-	itemsize = MAXALIGN(itemsize);
-
 	res->length = 0;
 	res->maxlen = maxlen;
 	res->dim = dimensions;
-	res->itemsize = itemsize;
+	res->items = palloc_extended(maxlen * VECTOR_SIZE(dimensions), MCXT_ALLOC_ZERO | MCXT_ALLOC_HUGE);
-	res->items = palloc_extended(maxlen * itemsize, MCXT_ALLOC_ZERO | MCXT_ALLOC_HUGE);
 	return res;
 }
 
@@ -38,6 +29,16 @@ VectorArrayFree(VectorArray arr)
 	pfree(arr);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Print vector array - useful for debugging
+ */
+void
+PrintVectorArray(char *msg, VectorArray arr)
+{
+	for (int i = 0; i < arr->length; i++)
+		PrintVector(msg, VectorArrayGet(arr, i));
+}
+
 /*
  * Get the number of lists in the index
  */
@@ -65,21 +66,34 @@ IvfflatOptionalProcInfo(Relation index, uint16 procnum)
 }
 
 /*
- * Normalize value
+ * Divide by the norm
- */
+ *
-Datum
+ * Returns false if value should not be indexed
-IvfflatNormValue(const IvfflatTypeInfo * typeInfo, Oid collation, Datum value)
+ *
-{
+ * The caller needs to free the pointer stored in value
-	return DirectFunctionCall1Coll(typeInfo->normalize, collation, value);
+ * if it's different than the original value
-}
-
-/*
- * Check if non-zero norm
  */
 bool
-IvfflatCheckNorm(FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, Datum value)
+IvfflatNormValue(FmgrInfo *procinfo, Oid collation, Datum *value, Vector * result)
 {
-	return DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall1Coll(procinfo, collation, value)) > 0;
+	double		norm = DatumGetFloat8(FunctionCall1Coll(procinfo, collation, *value));
+
+	if (norm > 0)
+	{
+		Vector	   *v = DatumGetVector(*value);
+
+		if (result == NULL)
+			result = InitVector(v->dim);
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < v->dim; i++)
+			result->x[i] = v->x[i] / norm;
+
+		*value = PointerGetDatum(result);
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -224,146 +238,3 @@ IvfflatUpdateList(Relation index, ListInfo listInfo,
 		UnlockReleaseBuffer(buf);
 	}
 }
-
-PGDLLEXPORT Datum l2_normalize(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
-PGDLLEXPORT Datum halfvec_l2_normalize(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
-PGDLLEXPORT Datum sparsevec_l2_normalize(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
-
-static Size
-VectorItemSize(int dimensions)
-{
-	return VECTOR_SIZE(dimensions);
-}
-
-static Size
-HalfvecItemSize(int dimensions)
-{
-	return HALFVEC_SIZE(dimensions);
-}
-
-static Size
-BitItemSize(int dimensions)
-{
-	return VARBITTOTALLEN(dimensions);
-}
-
-static void
-VectorUpdateCenter(Pointer v, int dimensions, float *x)
-{
-	Vector	   *vec = (Vector *) v;
-
-	SET_VARSIZE(vec, VECTOR_SIZE(dimensions));
-	vec->dim = dimensions;
-
-	for (int k = 0; k < dimensions; k++)
-		vec->x[k] = x[k];
-}
-
-static void
-HalfvecUpdateCenter(Pointer v, int dimensions, float *x)
-{
-	HalfVector *vec = (HalfVector *) v;
-
-	SET_VARSIZE(vec, HALFVEC_SIZE(dimensions));
-	vec->dim = dimensions;
-
-	for (int k = 0; k < dimensions; k++)
-		vec->x[k] = Float4ToHalfUnchecked(x[k]);
-}
-
-static void
-BitUpdateCenter(Pointer v, int dimensions, float *x)
-{
-	VarBit	   *vec = (VarBit *) v;
-	unsigned char *nx = VARBITS(vec);
-
-	SET_VARSIZE(vec, VARBITTOTALLEN(dimensions));
-	VARBITLEN(vec) = dimensions;
-
-	for (uint32 k = 0; k < VARBITBYTES(vec); k++)
-		nx[k] = 0;
-
-	for (int k = 0; k < dimensions; k++)
-		nx[k / 8] |= (x[k] > 0.5 ? 1 : 0) << (7 - (k % 8));
-}
-
-static void
-VectorSumCenter(Pointer v, float *x)
-{
-	Vector	   *vec = (Vector *) v;
-
-	for (int k = 0; k < vec->dim; k++)
-		x[k] += vec->x[k];
-}
-
-static void
-HalfvecSumCenter(Pointer v, float *x)
-{
-	HalfVector *vec = (HalfVector *) v;
-
-	for (int k = 0; k < vec->dim; k++)
-		x[k] += HalfToFloat4(vec->x[k]);
-}
-
-static void
-BitSumCenter(Pointer v, float *x)
-{
-	VarBit	   *vec = (VarBit *) v;
-
-	for (int k = 0; k < VARBITLEN(vec); k++)
-		x[k] += (float) (((VARBITS(vec)[k / 8]) >> (7 - (k % 8))) & 0x01);
-}
-
-/*
- * Get type info
- */
-const		IvfflatTypeInfo *
-IvfflatGetTypeInfo(Relation index)
-{
-	FmgrInfo   *procinfo = IvfflatOptionalProcInfo(index, IVFFLAT_TYPE_INFO_PROC);
-
-	if (procinfo == NULL)
-	{
-		static const IvfflatTypeInfo typeInfo = {
-			.maxDimensions = IVFFLAT_MAX_DIM,
-			.normalize = l2_normalize,
-			.itemSize = VectorItemSize,
-			.updateCenter = VectorUpdateCenter,
-			.sumCenter = VectorSumCenter
-		};
-
-		return (&typeInfo);
-	}
-	else
-		return (const IvfflatTypeInfo *) DatumGetPointer(FunctionCall0Coll(procinfo, InvalidOid));
-}
-
-PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ivfflat_halfvec_support);
-Datum
-ivfflat_halfvec_support(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	static const IvfflatTypeInfo typeInfo = {
-		.maxDimensions = IVFFLAT_MAX_DIM * 2,
-		.normalize = halfvec_l2_normalize,
-		.itemSize = HalfvecItemSize,
-		.updateCenter = HalfvecUpdateCenter,
-		.sumCenter = HalfvecSumCenter
-	};
-
-	PG_RETURN_POINTER(&typeInfo);
-};
-
-PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ivfflat_bit_support);
-Datum
-ivfflat_bit_support(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	static const IvfflatTypeInfo typeInfo = {
-		.maxDimensions = IVFFLAT_MAX_DIM * 32,
-		.normalize = NULL,
-		.itemSize = BitItemSize,
-		.updateCenter = BitUpdateCenter,
-		.sumCenter = BitSumCenter
-	};
-
-	PG_RETURN_POINTER(&typeInfo);
-};

src/ivfvacuum.c

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
-#include "access/generic_xlog.h"
 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
 #include "ivfflat.h"
 #include "storage/bufmgr.h"

src/sparsevec.h

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef SPARSEVEC_H
-#define SPARSEVEC_H
-
-#define SPARSEVEC_MAX_DIM 1000000000
-#define SPARSEVEC_MAX_NNZ 16000
-
-#define DatumGetSparseVector(x)		((SparseVector *) PG_DETOAST_DATUM(x))
-#define PG_GETARG_SPARSEVEC_P(x)	DatumGetSparseVector(PG_GETARG_DATUM(x))
-#define PG_RETURN_SPARSEVEC_P(x)	PG_RETURN_POINTER(x)
-
-/*
- * Indices use 0-based numbering for the on-disk (and binary) format (consistent with C)
- * and are always sorted. Values come after indices.
- */
-typedef struct SparseVector
-{
-	int32		vl_len_;		/* varlena header (do not touch directly!) */
-	int32		dim;			/* number of dimensions */
-	int32		nnz;			/* number of non-zero elements */
-	int32		unused;			/* reserved for future use, always zero */
-	int32		indices[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-}			SparseVector;
-
-/* Use functions instead of macros to avoid double evaluation */
-
-static inline Size
-SPARSEVEC_SIZE(int nnz)
-{
-	return offsetof(SparseVector, indices) + (nnz * sizeof(int32)) + (nnz * sizeof(float));
-}
-
-static inline float *
-SPARSEVEC_VALUES(SparseVector * x)
-{
-	return (float *) (((char *) x) + offsetof(SparseVector, indices) + (x->nnz * sizeof(int32)));
-}
-
-SparseVector *InitSparseVector(int dim, int nnz);
-
-#endif

src/vector.c

@@ -2,22 +2,15 @@
 
 #include <math.h>
 
-#include "bitutils.h"
-#include "bitvec.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
-#include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "fmgr.h"
-#include "halfutils.h"
-#include "halfvec.h"
 #include "hnsw.h"
 #include "ivfflat.h"
 #include "lib/stringinfo.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "port.h"				/* for strtof() */
-#include "sparsevec.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
-#include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
 #include "utils/numeric.h"
 #include "vector.h"
@@ -26,6 +19,13 @@
 #include "varatt.h"
 #endif
 
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
+#include "common/shortest_dec.h"
+#include "utils/float.h"
+#else
+#include <float.h>
+#endif
+
 #if PG_VERSION_NUM < 130000
 #define TYPALIGN_DOUBLE 'd'
 #define TYPALIGN_INT 'i'
@@ -34,12 +34,6 @@
 #define STATE_DIMS(x) (ARR_DIMS(x)[0] - 1)
 #define CreateStateDatums(dim) palloc(sizeof(Datum) * (dim + 1))
 
-#if defined(USE_TARGET_CLONES) && !defined(__FMA__)
-#define VECTOR_TARGET_CLONES __attribute__((target_clones("default", "fma")))
-#else
-#define VECTOR_TARGET_CLONES
-#endif
-
 PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
 
 /*
@@ -49,8 +43,6 @@ PGDLLEXPORT void _PG_init(void);
 void
 _PG_init(void)
 {
-	BitvecInit();
-	HalfvecInit();
 	HnswInit();
 	IvfflatInit();
 }
@@ -185,37 +177,30 @@ PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(vector_in);
 Datum
 vector_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	char	   *lit = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	char	   *str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
 	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
 	float		x[VECTOR_MAX_DIM];
 	int			dim = 0;
-	char	   *pt = lit;
+	char	   *pt;
+	char	   *stringEnd;
 	Vector	   *result;
+	char	   *lit = pstrdup(str);
 
-	while (vector_isspace(*pt))
+	while (vector_isspace(*str))
-		pt++;
+		str++;
 
-	if (*pt != '[')
+	if (*str != '[')
 		ereport(ERROR,
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
-				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for type vector: \"%s\"", lit),
+				 errmsg("malformed vector literal: \"%s\"", lit),
 				 errdetail("Vector contents must start with \"[\".")));
 
-	pt++;
+	str++;
+	pt = strtok(str, ",");
+	stringEnd = pt;
 
-	while (vector_isspace(*pt))
+	while (pt != NULL && *stringEnd != ']')
-		pt++;
-
-	if (*pt == ']')
-		ereport(ERROR,
-				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATA_EXCEPTION),
-				 errmsg("vector must have at least 1 dimension")));
-
-	for (;;)
 	{
-		float		val;
-		char	   *stringEnd;
-
 		if (dim == VECTOR_MAX_DIM)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
@@ -230,55 +215,61 @@ vector_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
 					 errmsg("invalid input syntax for type vector: \"%s\"", lit)));
 
-		errno = 0;
-
 		/* Use strtof like float4in to avoid a double-rounding problem */
-		/* Postgres sets LC_NUMERIC to C on startup */
+		x[dim] = strtof(pt, &stringEnd);
-		val = strtof(pt, &stringEnd);
+		CheckElement(x[dim]);
+		dim++;
 
 		if (stringEnd == pt)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
 					 errmsg("invalid input syntax for type vector: \"%s\"", lit)));
 
-		/* Check for range error like float4in */
+		while (vector_isspace(*stringEnd))
-		if (errno == ERANGE && isinf(val))
+			stringEnd++;
-			ereport(ERROR,
-					(errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
-					 errmsg("\"%s\" is out of range for type vector", pnstrdup(pt, stringEnd - pt))));
 
-		CheckElement(val);
+		if (*stringEnd != '\0' && *stringEnd != ']')
-		x[dim++] = val;
-
-		pt = stringEnd;
-
-		while (vector_isspace(*pt))
-			pt++;
-
-		if (*pt == ',')
-			pt++;
-		else if (*pt == ']')
-		{
-			pt++;
-			break;
-		}
-		else
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
 					 errmsg("invalid input syntax for type vector: \"%s\"", lit)));
+
+		pt = strtok(NULL, ",");
 	}
 
-	/* Only whitespace is allowed after the closing brace */
+	if (stringEnd == NULL || *stringEnd != ']')
-	while (vector_isspace(*pt))
-		pt++;
-
-	if (*pt != '\0')
 		ereport(ERROR,
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
-				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for type vector: \"%s\"", lit),
+				 errmsg("malformed vector literal: \"%s\"", lit),
+				 errdetail("Unexpected end of input.")));
+
+	stringEnd++;
+
+	/* Only whitespace is allowed after the closing brace */
+	while (vector_isspace(*stringEnd))
+		stringEnd++;
+
+	if (*stringEnd != '\0')
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("malformed vector literal: \"%s\"", lit),
 				 errdetail("Junk after closing right brace.")));
 
-	CheckDim(dim);
+	/* Ensure no consecutive delimiters since strtok skips */
+	for (pt = lit + 1; *pt != '\0'; pt++)
+	{
+		if (pt[-1] == ',' && *pt == ',')
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+					 errmsg("malformed vector literal: \"%s\"", lit)));
+	}
+
+	if (dim < 1)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATA_EXCEPTION),
+				 errmsg("vector must have at least 1 dimension")));
+
+	pfree(lit);
+
 	CheckExpectedDim(typmod, dim);
 
 	result = InitVector(dim);
@@ -288,9 +279,6 @@ vector_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
 }
 
-#define AppendChar(ptr, c) (*(ptr)++ = (c))
-#define AppendFloat(ptr, f) ((ptr) += float_to_shortest_decimal_bufn((f), (ptr)))
-
 /*
  * Convert internal representation to textual representation
  */
@@ -302,6 +290,16 @@ vector_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	int			dim = vector->dim;
 	char	   *buf;
 	char	   *ptr;
+	int			n;
+
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 120000
+	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (ndig < 1)
+		ndig = 1;
+
+#define FLOAT_SHORTEST_DECIMAL_LEN (ndig + 10)
+#endif
 
 	/*
 	 * Need:
@@ -316,17 +314,25 @@ vector_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	buf = (char *) palloc(FLOAT_SHORTEST_DECIMAL_LEN * dim + 2);
 	ptr = buf;
 
-	AppendChar(ptr, '[');
+	*ptr = '[';
-
+	ptr++;
 	for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
 	{
 		if (i > 0)
-			AppendChar(ptr, ',');
+		{
+			*ptr = ',';
+			ptr++;
+		}
 
-		AppendFloat(ptr, vector->x[i]);
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 120000
+		n = float_to_shortest_decimal_bufn(vector->x[i], ptr);
+#else
+		n = sprintf(ptr, "%.*g", ndig, vector->x[i]);
+#endif
+		ptr += n;
 	}
-
+	*ptr = ']';
-	AppendChar(ptr, ']');
+	ptr++;
 	*ptr = '\0';
 
 	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(vector, 0);
@@ -543,44 +549,6 @@ vector_to_float4(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
 }
 
-/*
- * Convert half vector to vector
- */
-PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(halfvec_to_vector);
-Datum
-halfvec_to_vector(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	HalfVector *vec = PG_GETARG_HALFVEC_P(0);
-	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
-	Vector	   *result;
-
-	CheckDim(vec->dim);
-	CheckExpectedDim(typmod, vec->dim);
-
-	result = InitVector(vec->dim);
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < vec->dim; i++)
-		result->x[i] = HalfToFloat4(vec->x[i]);
-
-	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
-}
-
-VECTOR_TARGET_CLONES static float
-VectorL2SquaredDistance(int dim, float *ax, float *bx)
-{
-	float		distance = 0.0;
-
-	/* Auto-vectorized */
-	for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
-	{
-		float		diff = ax[i] - bx[i];
-
-		distance += diff * diff;
-	}
-
-	return distance;
-}
-
 /*
  * Get the L2 distance between vectors
  */
@@ -590,10 +558,21 @@ l2_distance(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
 	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	float	   *ax = a->x;
+	float	   *bx = b->x;
+	float		distance = 0.0;
+	float		diff;
 
 	CheckDims(a, b);
 
-	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(sqrt((double) VectorL2SquaredDistance(a->dim, a->x, b->x)));
+	/* Auto-vectorized */
+	for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
+	{
+		diff = ax[i] - bx[i];
+		distance += diff * diff;
+	}
+
+	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(sqrt((double) distance));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -606,22 +585,21 @@ vector_l2_squared_distance(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
 	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	float	   *ax = a->x;
+	float	   *bx = b->x;
+	float		distance = 0.0;
+	float		diff;
 
 	CheckDims(a, b);
 
-	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((double) VectorL2SquaredDistance(a->dim, a->x, b->x));
-}
-
-VECTOR_TARGET_CLONES static float
-VectorInnerProduct(int dim, float *ax, float *bx)
-{
-	float		distance = 0.0;
-
 	/* Auto-vectorized */
-	for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
+	for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
-		distance += ax[i] * bx[i];
+	{
+		diff = ax[i] - bx[i];
+		distance += diff * diff;
+	}
 
-	return distance;
+	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((double) distance);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -633,10 +611,17 @@ inner_product(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
 	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	float	   *ax = a->x;
+	float	   *bx = b->x;
+	float		distance = 0.0;
 
 	CheckDims(a, b);
 
-	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((double) VectorInnerProduct(a->dim, a->x, b->x));
+	/* Auto-vectorized */
+	for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
+		distance += ax[i] * bx[i];
+
+	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((double) distance);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -648,29 +633,17 @@ vector_negative_inner_product(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
 	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	float	   *ax = a->x;
+	float	   *bx = b->x;
+	float		distance = 0.0;
 
 	CheckDims(a, b);
 
-	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((double) -VectorInnerProduct(a->dim, a->x, b->x));
-}
-
-VECTOR_TARGET_CLONES static double
-VectorCosineSimilarity(int dim, float *ax, float *bx)
-{
-	float		similarity = 0.0;
-	float		norma = 0.0;
-	float		normb = 0.0;
-
 	/* Auto-vectorized */
-	for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
+	for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
-	{
+		distance += ax[i] * bx[i];
-		similarity += ax[i] * bx[i];
-		norma += ax[i] * ax[i];
-		normb += bx[i] * bx[i];
-	}
 
-	/* Use sqrt(a * b) over sqrt(a) * sqrt(b) */
+	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((double) distance * -1);
-	return (double) similarity / sqrt((double) norma * (double) normb);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -682,11 +655,25 @@ cosine_distance(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
 	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	float	   *ax = a->x;
+	float	   *bx = b->x;
+	float		distance = 0.0;
+	float		norma = 0.0;
+	float		normb = 0.0;
 	double		similarity;
 
 	CheckDims(a, b);
 
-	similarity = VectorCosineSimilarity(a->dim, a->x, b->x);
+	/* Auto-vectorized */
+	for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
+	{
+		distance += ax[i] * bx[i];
+		norma += ax[i] * ax[i];
+		normb += bx[i] * bx[i];
+	}
+
+	/* Use sqrt(a * b) over sqrt(a) * sqrt(b) */
+	similarity = (double) distance / sqrt((double) norma * (double) normb);
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 	/* /fp:fast may not propagate NaN */
@@ -714,11 +701,18 @@ vector_spherical_distance(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
 	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	float	   *ax = a->x;
+	float	   *bx = b->x;
+	float		dp = 0.0;
 	double		distance;
 
 	CheckDims(a, b);
 
-	distance = (double) VectorInnerProduct(a->dim, a->x, b->x);
+	/* Auto-vectorized */
+	for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
+		dp += ax[i] * bx[i];
+
+	distance = (double) dp;
 
 	/* Prevent NaN with acos with loss of precision */
 	if (distance > 1)
@@ -729,21 +723,8 @@ vector_spherical_distance(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(acos(distance) / M_PI);
 }
 
-/* Does not require FMA, but keep logic simple */
-VECTOR_TARGET_CLONES static float
-VectorL1Distance(int dim, float *ax, float *bx)
-{
-	float		distance = 0.0;
-
-	/* Auto-vectorized */
-	for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
-		distance += fabsf(ax[i] - bx[i]);
-
-	return distance;
-}
-
 /*
- * Get the L1 distance between two vectors
+ * Get the L1 distance between vectors
  */
 PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(l1_distance);
 Datum
@@ -751,10 +732,17 @@ l1_distance(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
 	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	float	   *ax = a->x;
+	float	   *bx = b->x;
+	float		distance = 0.0;
 
 	CheckDims(a, b);
 
-	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((double) VectorL1Distance(a->dim, a->x, b->x));
+	/* Auto-vectorized */
+	for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
+		distance += fabsf(ax[i] - bx[i]);
+
+	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((double) distance);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -787,45 +775,6 @@ vector_norm(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(sqrt(norm));
 }
 
-/*
- * Normalize a vector with the L2 norm
- */
-PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(l2_normalize);
-Datum
-l2_normalize(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
-	float	   *ax = a->x;
-	double		norm = 0;
-	Vector	   *result;
-	float	   *rx;
-
-	result = InitVector(a->dim);
-	rx = result->x;
-
-	/* Auto-vectorized */
-	for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
-		norm += (double) ax[i] * (double) ax[i];
-
-	norm = sqrt(norm);
-
-	/* Return zero vector for zero norm */
-	if (norm > 0)
-	{
-		for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
-			rx[i] = ax[i] / norm;
-
-		/* Check for overflow */
-		for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
-		{
-			if (isinf(rx[i]))
-				float_overflow_error();
-		}
-	}
-
-	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
-}
-
 /*
  * Add vectors
  */
@@ -928,105 +877,15 @@ vector_mul(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
 }
 
-/*
- * Concatenate vectors
- */
-PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(vector_concat);
-Datum
-vector_concat(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
-	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
-	Vector	   *result;
-	int			dim = a->dim + b->dim;
-
-	CheckDim(dim);
-	result = InitVector(dim);
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
-		result->x[i] = a->x[i];
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < b->dim; i++)
-		result->x[i + a->dim] = b->x[i];
-
-	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
-}
-
-/*
- * Quantize a vector
- */
-PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(binary_quantize);
-Datum
-binary_quantize(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
-	float	   *ax = a->x;
-	VarBit	   *result = InitBitVector(a->dim);
-	unsigned char *rx = VARBITS(result);
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
-		rx[i / 8] |= (ax[i] > 0) << (7 - (i % 8));
-
-	PG_RETURN_VARBIT_P(result);
-}
-
-/*
- * Get a subvector
- */
-PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(subvector);
-Datum
-subvector(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
-	int32		start = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
-	int32		count = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
-	int32		end;
-	float	   *ax = a->x;
-	Vector	   *result;
-	int			dim;
-
-	if (count < 1)
-		ereport(ERROR,
-				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATA_EXCEPTION),
-				 errmsg("vector must have at least 1 dimension")));
-
-	/*
-	 * Check if (start + count > a->dim), avoiding integer overflow. a->dim
-	 * and count are both positive, so a->dim - count won't overflow.
-	 */
-	if (start > a->dim - count)
-		end = a->dim + 1;
-	else
-		end = start + count;
-
-	/* Indexing starts at 1, like substring */
-	if (start < 1)
-		start = 1;
-	else if (start > a->dim)
-		ereport(ERROR,
-				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATA_EXCEPTION),
-				 errmsg("vector must have at least 1 dimension")));
-
-	dim = end - start;
-	CheckDim(dim);
-	result = InitVector(dim);
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
-		result->x[i] = ax[start - 1 + i];
-
-	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
-}
-
 /*
  * Internal helper to compare vectors
  */
 int
 vector_cmp_internal(Vector * a, Vector * b)
 {
-	int			dim = Min(a->dim, b->dim);
+	CheckDims(a, b);
 
-	/* Check values before dimensions to be consistent with Postgres arrays */
+	for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++)
-	for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
 	{
 		if (a->x[i] < b->x[i])
 			return -1;
@@ -1034,13 +893,6 @@ vector_cmp_internal(Vector * a, Vector * b)
 		if (a->x[i] > b->x[i])
 			return 1;
 	}
-
-	if (a->dim < b->dim)
-		return -1;
-
-	if (a->dim > b->dim)
-		return 1;
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1051,8 +903,8 @@ PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(vector_lt);
 Datum
 vector_lt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
+	Vector	   *a = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
-	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	Vector	   *b = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
 
 	PG_RETURN_BOOL(vector_cmp_internal(a, b) < 0);
 }
@@ -1064,8 +916,8 @@ PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(vector_le);
 Datum
 vector_le(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
+	Vector	   *a = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
-	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	Vector	   *b = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
 
 	PG_RETURN_BOOL(vector_cmp_internal(a, b) <= 0);
 }
@@ -1077,8 +929,8 @@ PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(vector_eq);
 Datum
 vector_eq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
+	Vector	   *a = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
-	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	Vector	   *b = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
 
 	PG_RETURN_BOOL(vector_cmp_internal(a, b) == 0);
 }
@@ -1090,8 +942,8 @@ PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(vector_ne);
 Datum
 vector_ne(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
+	Vector	   *a = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
-	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	Vector	   *b = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
 
 	PG_RETURN_BOOL(vector_cmp_internal(a, b) != 0);
 }
@@ -1103,8 +955,8 @@ PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(vector_ge);
 Datum
 vector_ge(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
+	Vector	   *a = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
-	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	Vector	   *b = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
 
 	PG_RETURN_BOOL(vector_cmp_internal(a, b) >= 0);
 }
@@ -1116,8 +968,8 @@ PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(vector_gt);
 Datum
 vector_gt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
+	Vector	   *a = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
-	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	Vector	   *b = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
 
 	PG_RETURN_BOOL(vector_cmp_internal(a, b) > 0);
 }
@@ -1129,8 +981,8 @@ PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(vector_cmp);
 Datum
 vector_cmp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	Vector	   *a = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
+	Vector	   *a = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(0);
-	Vector	   *b = PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
+	Vector	   *b = (Vector *) PG_GETARG_VECTOR_P(1);
 
 	PG_RETURN_INT32(vector_cmp_internal(a, b));
 }
@@ -1197,13 +1049,12 @@ vector_accum(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 }
 
 /*
- * Combine vectors or half vectors (also used for halfvec_combine)
+ * Combine vectors
  */
 PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(vector_combine);
 Datum
 vector_combine(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	/* Must also update parameters of halfvec_combine if modifying */
 	ArrayType  *statearray1 = PG_GETARG_ARRAYTYPE_P(0);
 	ArrayType  *statearray2 = PG_GETARG_ARRAYTYPE_P(1);
 	float8	   *statevalues1;
@@ -1300,26 +1151,3 @@ vector_avg(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
 }
-
-/*
- * Convert sparse vector to dense vector
- */
-PGDLLEXPORT PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(sparsevec_to_vector);
-Datum
-sparsevec_to_vector(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	SparseVector *svec = PG_GETARG_SPARSEVEC_P(0);
-	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
-	Vector	   *result;
-	int			dim = svec->dim;
-	float	   *values = SPARSEVEC_VALUES(svec);
-
-	CheckDim(dim);
-	CheckExpectedDim(typmod, dim);
-
-	result = InitVector(dim);
-	for (int i = 0; i < svec->nnz; i++)
-		result->x[svec->indices[i]] = values[i];
-
-	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
-}

src/vector.h

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ typedef struct Vector
 {
 	int32		vl_len_;		/* varlena header (do not touch directly!) */
 	int16		dim;			/* number of dimensions */
-	int16		unused;			/* reserved for future use, always zero */
+	int16		unused;
 	float		x[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
 }			Vector;
 

test/expected/bit.out

@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '111');
- hamming_distance 
-------------------
-                0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '110');
- hamming_distance 
-------------------
-                1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '100');
- hamming_distance 
-------------------
-                2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '000');
- hamming_distance 
-------------------
-                3
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT hamming_distance('10101010101010101010', '01010101010101010101');
- hamming_distance 
-------------------
-               20
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT hamming_distance('101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101', '101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101');
- hamming_distance 
-------------------
-                0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT hamming_distance('101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101', '010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010');
- hamming_distance 
-------------------
-              513
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT hamming_distance('110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011', '100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001');
- hamming_distance 
-------------------
-                2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT hamming_distance('', '');
- hamming_distance 
-------------------
-                0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '00');
-ERROR:  different bit lengths 3 and 2
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '000'::varbit(4));
- hamming_distance 
-------------------
-                3
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '0000'::varbit(4));
-ERROR:  different bit lengths 3 and 4
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '1111');
- jaccard_distance 
-------------------
-                0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '1110');
- jaccard_distance 
-------------------
-             0.25
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '1100');
- jaccard_distance 
-------------------
-              0.5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '1000');
- jaccard_distance 
-------------------
-             0.75
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '0000');
- jaccard_distance 
-------------------
-                1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1100', '1000');
- jaccard_distance 
-------------------
-              0.5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('10101010101010101010', '01010101010101010101');
- jaccard_distance 
-------------------
-                1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101', '101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101');
- jaccard_distance 
-------------------
-                0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101', '010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010');
- jaccard_distance 
-------------------
-                1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011', '100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001');
- jaccard_distance 
-------------------
-              0.5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('', '');
- jaccard_distance 
-------------------
-                1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '000');
-ERROR:  different bit lengths 4 and 3
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '0000'::varbit(5));
- jaccard_distance 
-------------------
-                1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '00000'::varbit(5));
-ERROR:  different bit lengths 4 and 5

test/expected/btree.out

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 SET enable_seqscan = off;
--- vector
 CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
 INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
 CREATE INDEX ON t (val);
@@ -9,53 +8,10 @@ SELECT * FROM t WHERE val = '[1,2,3]';
  [1,2,3]
 (1 row)
 
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val;
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val LIMIT 1;
    val   
 ---------
  [0,0,0]
- [1,1,1]
- [1,2,3]
- 
-(4 rows)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- halfvec
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t (val);
-SELECT * FROM t WHERE val = '[1,2,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,3]
 (1 row)
 
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val;
-   val   
----------
- [0,0,0]
- [1,1,1]
- [1,2,3]
- 
-(4 rows)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- sparsevec
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{}/3'), ('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'), ('{1:1,2:1,3:1}/3'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t (val);
-SELECT * FROM t WHERE val = '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
-       val       
------------------
- {1:1,2:2,3:3}/3
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val;
-       val       
------------------
- {}/3
- {1:1,2:1,3:1}/3
- {1:1,2:2,3:3}/3
- 
-(4 rows)
-
 DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/cast.out

@@ -28,26 +28,6 @@ SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3]::numeric[]::vector;
  [1,2,3]
 (1 row)
 
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector::real[];
- float4  
----------
- {1,2,3}
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::real[]::vector;
- vector  
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::real[]::vector(3);
- vector  
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::real[]::vector(2);
-ERROR:  expected 2 dimensions, not 3
 SELECT '{NULL}'::real[]::vector;
 ERROR:  array must not contain nulls
 SELECT '{NaN}'::real[]::vector;
@@ -60,152 +40,10 @@ SELECT '{}'::real[]::vector;
 ERROR:  vector must have at least 1 dimension
 SELECT '{{1}}'::real[]::vector;
 ERROR:  array must be 1-D
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::double precision[]::vector;
+SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector::real[];
- vector  
+ float4  
 ---------
- [1,2,3]
+ {1,2,3}
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::double precision[]::vector(3);
- vector  
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::double precision[]::vector(2);
-ERROR:  expected 2 dimensions, not 3
-SELECT '{4e38,-4e38}'::double precision[]::vector;
-ERROR:  infinite value not allowed in vector
-SELECT '{1e-46,-1e-46}'::double precision[]::vector;
- vector 
---------
- [0,-0]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector::halfvec;
- halfvec 
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector::halfvec(3);
- halfvec 
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector::halfvec(2);
-ERROR:  expected 2 dimensions, not 3
-SELECT '[65520]'::vector::halfvec;
-ERROR:  "65520" is out of range for type halfvec
-SELECT '[1e-8]'::vector::halfvec;
- halfvec 
----------
- [0]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec::vector;
- vector  
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec::vector(3);
- vector  
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec::vector(2);
-ERROR:  expected 2 dimensions, not 3
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::real[]::halfvec;
- halfvec 
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::real[]::halfvec(3);
- halfvec 
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::real[]::halfvec(2);
-ERROR:  expected 2 dimensions, not 3
-SELECT '{65520,-65520}'::real[]::halfvec;
-ERROR:  "65520" is out of range for type halfvec
-SELECT '{1e-8,-1e-8}'::real[]::halfvec;
- halfvec 
----------
- [0,-0]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[0,1.5,0,3.5,0]'::vector::sparsevec;
-    sparsevec    
------------------
- {2:1.5,4:3.5}/5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[0,1.5,0,3.5,0]'::vector::sparsevec(5);
-    sparsevec    
------------------
- {2:1.5,4:3.5}/5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[0,1.5,0,3.5,0]'::vector::sparsevec(4);
-ERROR:  expected 4 dimensions, not 5
-SELECT '{2:1.5,4:3.5}/5'::sparsevec::vector;
-     vector      
------------------
- [0,1.5,0,3.5,0]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{2:1.5,4:3.5}/5'::sparsevec::vector(5);
-     vector      
------------------
- [0,1.5,0,3.5,0]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{2:1.5,4:3.5}/5'::sparsevec::vector(4);
-ERROR:  expected 4 dimensions, not 5
-SELECT '{}/16001'::sparsevec::vector;
-ERROR:  vector cannot have more than 16000 dimensions
-SELECT '[0,1.5,0,3.5,0]'::halfvec::sparsevec;
-    sparsevec    
------------------
- {2:1.5,4:3.5}/5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[0,1.5,0,3.5,0]'::halfvec::sparsevec(5);
-    sparsevec    
------------------
- {2:1.5,4:3.5}/5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[0,1.5,0,3.5,0]'::halfvec::sparsevec(4);
-ERROR:  expected 4 dimensions, not 5
-SELECT '{2:1.5,4:3.5}/5'::sparsevec::halfvec;
-     halfvec     
------------------
- [0,1.5,0,3.5,0]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{2:1.5,4:3.5}/5'::sparsevec::halfvec(5);
-     halfvec     
------------------
- [0,1.5,0,3.5,0]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{2:1.5,4:3.5}/5'::sparsevec::halfvec(4);
-ERROR:  expected 4 dimensions, not 5
-SELECT '{}/16001'::sparsevec::halfvec;
-ERROR:  halfvec cannot have more than 16000 dimensions
-SELECT '{1:65520}/1'::sparsevec::halfvec;
-ERROR:  "65520" is out of range for type halfvec
-SELECT '{1:1e-8}/1'::sparsevec::halfvec;
- halfvec 
----------
- [0]
 (1 row)
 
 SELECT array_agg(n)::vector FROM generate_series(1, 16001) n;

test/expected/copy.out

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
--- vector
 CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
 INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
 CREATE TABLE t2 (val vector(3));
-\copy t TO 'results/vector.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
+\copy t TO 'results/data.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
-\copy t2 FROM 'results/vector.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
+\copy t2 FROM 'results/data.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
 SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY val;
    val   
 ---------
@@ -15,37 +14,3 @@ SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY val;
 
 DROP TABLE t;
 DROP TABLE t2;
--- halfvec
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE TABLE t2 (val halfvec(3));
-\copy t TO 'results/halfvec.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
-\copy t2 FROM 'results/halfvec.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
-SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY val;
-   val   
----------
- [0,0,0]
- [1,1,1]
- [1,2,3]
- 
-(4 rows)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-DROP TABLE t2;
--- sparsevec
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{}/3'), ('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'), ('{1:1,2:1,3:1}/3'), (NULL);
-CREATE TABLE t2 (val sparsevec(3));
-\copy t TO 'results/sparsevec.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
-\copy t2 FROM 'results/sparsevec.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
-SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY val;
-       val       
------------------
- {}/3
- {1:1,2:1,3:1}/3
- {1:1,2:2,3:3}/3
- 
-(4 rows)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-DROP TABLE t2;

test/expected/functions.out

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector + '[4,5,6]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [5,7,9]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[3e38]'::vector + '[3e38]';
+ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
+SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector - '[4,5,6]';
+  ?column?  
+------------
+ [-3,-3,-3]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[-3e38]'::vector - '[3e38]';
+ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
+SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector * '[4,5,6]';
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ [4,10,18]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1e37]'::vector * '[1e37]';
+ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
+SELECT '[1e-37]'::vector * '[1e-37]';
+ERROR:  value out of range: underflow
+SELECT vector_dims('[1,2,3]');
+ vector_dims 
+-------------
+           3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT round(vector_norm('[1,1]')::numeric, 5);
+  round  
+---------
+ 1.41421
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT vector_norm('[3,4]');
+ vector_norm 
+-------------
+           5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT vector_norm('[0,1]');
+ vector_norm 
+-------------
+           1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT vector_norm('[3e37,4e37]')::real;
+ vector_norm 
+-------------
+       5e+37
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT l2_distance('[0,0]', '[3,4]');
+ l2_distance 
+-------------
+           5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT l2_distance('[0,0]', '[0,1]');
+ l2_distance 
+-------------
+           1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT l2_distance('[1,2]', '[3]');
+ERROR:  different vector dimensions 2 and 1
+SELECT l2_distance('[3e38]', '[-3e38]');
+ l2_distance 
+-------------
+    Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT inner_product('[1,2]', '[3,4]');
+ inner_product 
+---------------
+            11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT inner_product('[1,2]', '[3]');
+ERROR:  different vector dimensions 2 and 1
+SELECT inner_product('[3e38]', '[3e38]');
+ inner_product 
+---------------
+      Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]', '[2,4]');
+ cosine_distance 
+-----------------
+               0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]', '[0,0]');
+ cosine_distance 
+-----------------
+             NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]', '[1,1]');
+ cosine_distance 
+-----------------
+               0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,0]', '[0,2]');
+ cosine_distance 
+-----------------
+               1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]', '[-1,-1]');
+ cosine_distance 
+-----------------
+               2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]', '[3]');
+ERROR:  different vector dimensions 2 and 1
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]', '[1.1,1.1]');
+ cosine_distance 
+-----------------
+               0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]', '[-1.1,-1.1]');
+ cosine_distance 
+-----------------
+               2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cosine_distance('[3e38]', '[3e38]');
+ cosine_distance 
+-----------------
+             NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT l1_distance('[0,0]', '[3,4]');
+ l1_distance 
+-------------
+           7
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT l1_distance('[0,0]', '[0,1]');
+ l1_distance 
+-------------
+           1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT l1_distance('[1,2]', '[3]');
+ERROR:  different vector dimensions 2 and 1
+SELECT l1_distance('[3e38]', '[-3e38]');
+ l1_distance 
+-------------
+    Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]']) v;
+    avg    
+-----------
+ [2,3.5,5]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]', NULL]) v;
+    avg    
+-----------
+ [2,3.5,5]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY[]::vector[]) v;
+ avg 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2]'::vector, '[3]']) v;
+ERROR:  expected 2 dimensions, not 1
+SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[3e38]'::vector, '[3e38]']) v;
+   avg   
+---------
+ [3e+38]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT vector_avg(array_agg(n)) FROM generate_series(1, 16002) n;
+ERROR:  vector cannot have more than 16000 dimensions
+SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]']) v;
+   sum    
+----------
+ [4,7,10]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]', NULL]) v;
+   sum    
+----------
+ [4,7,10]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY[]::vector[]) v;
+ sum 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2]'::vector, '[3]']) v;
+ERROR:  different vector dimensions 2 and 1
+SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[3e38]'::vector, '[3e38]']) v;
+ERROR:  value out of range: overflow

test/expected/halfvec.out

@@ -1,636 +0,0 @@
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec;
- halfvec 
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[-1,-2,-3]'::halfvec;
-  halfvec   
-------------
- [-1,-2,-3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1.,2.,3.]'::halfvec;
- halfvec 
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT ' [ 1,  2 ,    3  ] '::halfvec;
- halfvec 
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1.23456]'::halfvec;
-  halfvec   
-------------
- [1.234375]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[hello,1]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: "[hello,1]"
-LINE 1: SELECT '[hello,1]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[NaN,1]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  NaN not allowed in halfvec
-LINE 1: SELECT '[NaN,1]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[Infinity,1]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  infinite value not allowed in halfvec
-LINE 1: SELECT '[Infinity,1]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[-Infinity,1]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  infinite value not allowed in halfvec
-LINE 1: SELECT '[-Infinity,1]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[65519,-65519]'::halfvec;
-    halfvec     
-----------------
- [65504,-65504]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[65520,-65520]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  "65520" is out of range for type halfvec
-LINE 1: SELECT '[65520,-65520]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[1e-8,-1e-8]'::halfvec;
- halfvec 
----------
- [0,-0]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[4e38,1]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  "4e38" is out of range for type halfvec
-LINE 1: SELECT '[4e38,1]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[1e-46,1]'::halfvec;
- halfvec 
----------
- [0,1]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: "[1,2,3"
-LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[1,2,3]9'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: "[1,2,3]9"
-LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3]9'::halfvec;
-               ^
-DETAIL:  Junk after closing right brace.
-SELECT '1,2,3'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: "1,2,3"
-LINE 1: SELECT '1,2,3'::halfvec;
-               ^
-DETAIL:  Vector contents must start with "[".
-SELECT ''::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: ""
-LINE 1: SELECT ''::halfvec;
-               ^
-DETAIL:  Vector contents must start with "[".
-SELECT '['::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: "["
-LINE 1: SELECT '['::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[ '::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: "[ "
-LINE 1: SELECT '[ '::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[,'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: "[,"
-LINE 1: SELECT '[,'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  halfvec must have at least 1 dimension
-LINE 1: SELECT '[]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[ ]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  halfvec must have at least 1 dimension
-LINE 1: SELECT '[ ]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[,]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: "[,]"
-LINE 1: SELECT '[,]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[1,]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: "[1,]"
-LINE 1: SELECT '[1,]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[1a]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: "[1a]"
-LINE 1: SELECT '[1a]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[1,,3]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: "[1,,3]"
-LINE 1: SELECT '[1,,3]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[1, ,3]'::halfvec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type halfvec: "[1, ,3]"
-LINE 1: SELECT '[1, ,3]'::halfvec;
-               ^
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(3);
- halfvec 
----------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(2);
-ERROR:  expected 2 dimensions, not 3
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(3, 2);
-ERROR:  invalid type modifier
-LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(3, 2);
-                          ^
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec('a');
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "a"
-LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec('a');
-                          ^
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(0);
-ERROR:  dimensions for type halfvec must be at least 1
-LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(0);
-                          ^
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(16001);
-ERROR:  dimensions for type halfvec cannot exceed 16000
-LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(16001);
-                          ^
-SELECT unnest('{"[1,2,3]", "[4,5,6]"}'::halfvec[]);
- unnest  
----------
- [1,2,3]
- [4,5,6]
-(2 rows)
-
-SELECT '{"[1,2,3]"}'::halfvec(2)[];
-ERROR:  expected 2 dimensions, not 3
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec + '[4,5,6]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- [5,7,9]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[65519]'::halfvec + '[65519]';
-ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
-SELECT '[1,2]'::halfvec + '[3]';
-ERROR:  different halfvec dimensions 2 and 1
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec - '[4,5,6]';
-  ?column?  
-------------
- [-3,-3,-3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[-65519]'::halfvec - '[65519]';
-ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
-SELECT '[1,2]'::halfvec - '[3]';
-ERROR:  different halfvec dimensions 2 and 1
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec * '[4,5,6]';
- ?column?  
------------
- [4,10,18]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[65519]'::halfvec * '[65519]';
-ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
-SELECT '[1e-7]'::halfvec * '[1e-7]';
-ERROR:  value out of range: underflow
-SELECT '[1,2]'::halfvec * '[3]';
-ERROR:  different halfvec dimensions 2 and 1
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec || '[4,5]';
-  ?column?   
--------------
- [1,2,3,4,5]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT array_fill(0, ARRAY[16000])::halfvec || '[1]';
-ERROR:  halfvec cannot have more than 16000 dimensions
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec < '[1,2,3]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- f
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec < '[1,2]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- f
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec <= '[1,2,3]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- t
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec <= '[1,2]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- f
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec = '[1,2,3]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- t
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec = '[1,2]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- f
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec != '[1,2,3]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- f
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec != '[1,2]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- t
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec >= '[1,2,3]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- t
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec >= '[1,2]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- t
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec > '[1,2,3]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- f
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec > '[1,2]';
- ?column? 
-----------
- t
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[1,2,3]', '[1,2,3]');
- halfvec_cmp 
--------------
-           0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[1,2,3]', '[0,0,0]');
- halfvec_cmp 
--------------
-           1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[0,0,0]', '[1,2,3]');
- halfvec_cmp 
--------------
-          -1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[1,2]', '[1,2,3]');
- halfvec_cmp 
--------------
-          -1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[1,2,3]', '[1,2]');
- halfvec_cmp 
--------------
-           1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[1,2]', '[2,3,4]');
- halfvec_cmp 
--------------
-          -1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[2,3]', '[1,2,3]');
- halfvec_cmp 
--------------
-           1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT vector_dims('[1,2,3]'::halfvec);
- vector_dims 
--------------
-           3
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT round(l2_norm('[1,1]'::halfvec)::numeric, 5);
-  round  
----------
- 1.41421
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_norm('[3,4]'::halfvec);
- l2_norm 
----------
-       5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_norm('[0,1]'::halfvec);
- l2_norm 
----------
-       1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_norm('[0,0]'::halfvec);
- l2_norm 
----------
-       0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_norm('[2]'::halfvec);
- l2_norm 
----------
-       2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_distance('[0,0]'::halfvec, '[3,4]');
- l2_distance 
--------------
-           5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_distance('[0,0]'::halfvec, '[0,1]');
- l2_distance 
--------------
-           1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_distance('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3]');
-ERROR:  different halfvec dimensions 2 and 1
-SELECT l2_distance('[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]'::halfvec, '[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,4,5]');
- l2_distance 
--------------
-           5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[0,0]'::halfvec <-> '[3,4]';
- ?column? 
-----------
-        5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT inner_product('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3,4]');
- inner_product 
----------------
-            11
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT inner_product('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3]');
-ERROR:  different halfvec dimensions 2 and 1
-SELECT inner_product('[65504]'::halfvec, '[65504]');
- inner_product 
----------------
-    4290774016
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT inner_product('[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]'::halfvec, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
- inner_product 
----------------
-            45
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2]'::halfvec <#> '[3,4]';
- ?column? 
-----------
-      -11
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[2,4]');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[0,0]');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-             NaN
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::halfvec, '[1,1]');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,0]'::halfvec, '[0,2]');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::halfvec, '[-1,-1]');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3]');
-ERROR:  different halfvec dimensions 2 and 1
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::halfvec, '[1.1,1.1]');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::halfvec, '[-1.1,-1.1]');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::halfvec, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::halfvec, '[-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6,-7,-8,-9]');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[1,2]'::halfvec <=> '[2,4]';
- ?column? 
-----------
-        0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l1_distance('[0,0]'::halfvec, '[3,4]');
- l1_distance 
--------------
-           7
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l1_distance('[0,0]'::halfvec, '[0,1]');
- l1_distance 
--------------
-           1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l1_distance('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3]');
-ERROR:  different halfvec dimensions 2 and 1
-SELECT l1_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::halfvec, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
- l1_distance 
--------------
-           0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l1_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::halfvec, '[0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8]');
- l1_distance 
--------------
-           9
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '[0,0]'::halfvec <+> '[3,4]';
- ?column? 
-----------
-        7
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('[3,4]'::halfvec);
-      l2_normalize      
-------------------------
- [0.60009766,0.7998047]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('[3,0]'::halfvec);
- l2_normalize 
---------------
- [1,0]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('[0,0.1]'::halfvec);
- l2_normalize 
---------------
- [0,1]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('[0,0]'::halfvec);
- l2_normalize 
---------------
- [0,0]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('[65504]'::halfvec);
- l2_normalize 
---------------
- [1]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT binary_quantize('[1,0,-1]'::halfvec);
- binary_quantize 
------------------
- 100
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT binary_quantize('[0,0.1,-0.2,-0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,-0.7,0.8,-0.9,1]'::halfvec);
- binary_quantize 
------------------
- 01001110101
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 1, 3);
- subvector 
------------
- [1,2,3]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 3, 2);
- subvector 
------------
- [3,4]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, -1, 3);
- subvector 
------------
- [1]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 3, 9);
- subvector 
------------
- [3,4,5]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 1, 0);
-ERROR:  halfvec must have at least 1 dimension
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 3, -1);
-ERROR:  halfvec must have at least 1 dimension
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, -1, 2);
-ERROR:  halfvec must have at least 1 dimension
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 2147483647, 10);
-ERROR:  halfvec must have at least 1 dimension
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 3, 2147483647);
- subvector 
------------
- [3,4,5]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, -2147483644, 2147483647);
- subvector 
------------
- [1,2]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::halfvec, '[3,5,7]']) v;
-    avg    
------------
- [2,3.5,5]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::halfvec, '[3,5,7]', NULL]) v;
-    avg    
------------
- [2,3.5,5]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY[]::halfvec[]) v;
- avg 
------
- 
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3]']) v;
-ERROR:  expected 2 dimensions, not 1
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[65504]'::halfvec, '[65504]']) v;
-   avg   
----------
- [65504]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT halfvec_avg(array_agg(n)) FROM generate_series(1, 16002) n;
-ERROR:  halfvec cannot have more than 16000 dimensions
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::halfvec, '[3,5,7]']) v;
-   sum    
-----------
- [4,7,10]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::halfvec, '[3,5,7]', NULL]) v;
-   sum    
-----------
- [4,7,10]
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY[]::halfvec[]) v;
- sum 
------
- 
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3]']) v;
-ERROR:  different halfvec dimensions 2 and 1
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[65504]'::halfvec, '[65504]']) v;
-ERROR:  value out of range: overflow

test/expected/hnsw_bit.out

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
--- hamming
-CREATE TABLE t (val bit(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (B'000'), (B'100'), (B'111'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val bit_hamming_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (B'110');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <~> B'111';
- val 
------
- 111
- 110
- 100
- 000
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <~> (SELECT NULL::bit)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- jaccard
-CREATE TABLE t (val bit(4));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (B'0000'), (B'1100'), (B'1111'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val bit_jaccard_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (B'1110');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <%> B'1111';
- val  
-------
- 1111
- 1110
- 1100
- 0000
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <%> (SELECT NULL::bit)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- varbit
-CREATE TABLE t (val varbit(3));
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val bit_hamming_ops);
-ERROR:  type not supported for hnsw index
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw ((val::bit(3)) bit_hamming_ops);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw ((val::bit(64001)) bit_hamming_ops);
-ERROR:  column cannot have more than 64000 dimensions for hnsw index
-DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/hnsw_cosine.out

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_cosine_ops);
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[3,3,3]';
+   val   
+---------
+ [1,1,1]
+ [1,2,3]
+ [1,2,4]
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[0,0,0]') t2;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/hnsw_halfvec.out

@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
--- L2
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val halfvec_l2_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,3]
- [1,2,4]
- [1,1,1]
- [0,0,0]
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
- count 
--------
-     5
-(1 row)
-
-TRUNCATE t;
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
- val 
------
-(0 rows)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- inner product
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val halfvec_ip_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,4]
- [1,2,3]
- [1,1,1]
- [0,0,0]
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- cosine
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val halfvec_cosine_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,1,1]
- [1,2,3]
- [1,2,4]
-(3 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[0,0,0]') t2;
- count 
--------
-     3
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     3
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- L1
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val halfvec_l1_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <+> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,3]
- [1,2,4]
- [1,1,1]
- [0,0,0]
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <+> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/hnsw_ip.out

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_ip_ops);
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '[3,3,3]';
+   val   
+---------
+ [1,2,4]
+ [1,2,3]
+ [1,1,1]
+ [0,0,0]
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/hnsw_l2.out

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops);
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
+   val   
+---------
+ [1,2,3]
+ [1,2,4]
+ [1,1,1]
+ [0,0,0]
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::vector);
+   val   
+---------
+ [0,0,0]
+ [1,1,1]
+ [1,2,3]
+ [1,2,4]
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+TRUNCATE t;
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
+ val 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/hnsw_options.out

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 1);
+ERROR:  value 1 out of bounds for option "m"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "2" and "100".
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 101);
+ERROR:  value 101 out of bounds for option "m"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "2" and "100".
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (ef_construction = 3);
+ERROR:  value 3 out of bounds for option "ef_construction"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "4" and "1000".
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (ef_construction = 1001);
+ERROR:  value 1001 out of bounds for option "ef_construction"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "4" and "1000".
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 16, ef_construction = 31);
+ERROR:  ef_construction must be greater than or equal to 2 * m
+SHOW hnsw.ef_search;
+ hnsw.ef_search 
+----------------
+ 40
+(1 row)
+
+SET hnsw.ef_search = 0;
+ERROR:  0 is outside the valid range for parameter "hnsw.ef_search" (1 .. 1000)
+SET hnsw.ef_search = 1001;
+ERROR:  1001 is outside the valid range for parameter "hnsw.ef_search" (1 .. 1000)
+DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/hnsw_sparsevec.out

@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
--- L2
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{}/3'), ('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'), ('{1:1,2:1,3:1}/3'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val sparsevec_l2_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{1:1,2:2,3:4}/3');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '{1:3,2:3,3:3}/3';
-       val       
------------------
- {1:1,2:2,3:3}/3
- {1:1,2:2,3:4}/3
- {1:1,2:1,3:1}/3
- {}/3
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::sparsevec)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
- count 
--------
-     5
-(1 row)
-
-TRUNCATE t;
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '{1:3,2:3,3:3}/3';
- val 
------
-(0 rows)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- inner product
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{}/3'), ('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'), ('{1:1,2:1,3:1}/3'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val sparsevec_ip_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{1:1,2:2,3:4}/3');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '{1:3,2:3,3:3}/3';
-       val       
------------------
- {1:1,2:2,3:4}/3
- {1:1,2:2,3:3}/3
- {1:1,2:1,3:1}/3
- {}/3
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::sparsevec)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- cosine
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{}/3'), ('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'), ('{1:1,2:1,3:1}/3'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val sparsevec_cosine_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{1:1,2:2,3:4}/3');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '{1:3,2:3,3:3}/3';
-       val       
------------------
- {1:1,2:1,3:1}/3
- {1:1,2:2,3:3}/3
- {1:1,2:2,3:4}/3
-(3 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '{}/3') t2;
- count 
--------
-     3
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::sparsevec)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     3
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- L1
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{}/3'), ('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'), ('{1:1,2:1,3:1}/3'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val sparsevec_l1_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{1:1,2:2,3:4}/3');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <+> '{1:3,2:3,3:3}/3';
-       val       
------------------
- {1:1,2:2,3:3}/3
- {1:1,2:2,3:4}/3
- {1:1,2:1,3:1}/3
- {}/3
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <+> (SELECT NULL::sparsevec)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- non-zero elements
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(1001));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (array_fill(1, ARRAY[1001])::vector::sparsevec);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val sparsevec_l2_ops);
-ERROR:  sparsevec cannot have more than 1000 non-zero elements for hnsw index
-TRUNCATE t;
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val sparsevec_l2_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (array_fill(1, ARRAY[1001])::vector::sparsevec);
-ERROR:  sparsevec cannot have more than 1000 non-zero elements for hnsw index
-DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/hnsw_unlogged.out

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops);
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
+   val   
+---------
+ [1,2,3]
+ [1,1,1]
+ [0,0,0]
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/hnsw_vector.out

@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
--- L2
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,3]
- [1,2,4]
- [1,1,1]
- [0,0,0]
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
- count 
--------
-     5
-(1 row)
-
-TRUNCATE t;
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
- val 
------
-(0 rows)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- inner product
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_ip_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,4]
- [1,2,3]
- [1,1,1]
- [0,0,0]
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- cosine
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_cosine_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,1,1]
- [1,2,3]
- [1,2,4]
-(3 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[0,0,0]') t2;
- count 
--------
-     3
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     3
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- L1
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l1_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <+> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,3]
- [1,2,4]
- [1,1,1]
- [0,0,0]
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <+> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- unlogged
-CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops);
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,3]
- [1,1,1]
- [0,0,0]
-(3 rows)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- options
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 1);
-ERROR:  value 1 out of bounds for option "m"
-DETAIL:  Valid values are between "2" and "100".
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 101);
-ERROR:  value 101 out of bounds for option "m"
-DETAIL:  Valid values are between "2" and "100".
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (ef_construction = 3);
-ERROR:  value 3 out of bounds for option "ef_construction"
-DETAIL:  Valid values are between "4" and "1000".
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (ef_construction = 1001);
-ERROR:  value 1001 out of bounds for option "ef_construction"
-DETAIL:  Valid values are between "4" and "1000".
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 16, ef_construction = 31);
-ERROR:  ef_construction must be greater than or equal to 2 * m
-SHOW hnsw.ef_search;
- hnsw.ef_search 
-----------------
- 40
-(1 row)
-
-SET hnsw.ef_search = 0;
-ERROR:  0 is outside the valid range for parameter "hnsw.ef_search" (1 .. 1000)
-SET hnsw.ef_search = 1001;
-ERROR:  1001 is outside the valid range for parameter "hnsw.ef_search" (1 .. 1000)
-DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/input.out

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector;
+ vector  
+---------
+ [1,2,3]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[-1,-2,-3]'::vector;
+   vector   
+------------
+ [-1,-2,-3]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1.,2.,3.]'::vector;
+ vector  
+---------
+ [1,2,3]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ' [ 1,  2 ,    3  ] '::vector;
+ vector  
+---------
+ [1,2,3]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1.23456]'::vector;
+  vector   
+-----------
+ [1.23456]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[hello,1]'::vector;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type vector: "[hello,1]"
+LINE 1: SELECT '[hello,1]'::vector;
+               ^
+SELECT '[NaN,1]'::vector;
+ERROR:  NaN not allowed in vector
+LINE 1: SELECT '[NaN,1]'::vector;
+               ^
+SELECT '[Infinity,1]'::vector;
+ERROR:  infinite value not allowed in vector
+LINE 1: SELECT '[Infinity,1]'::vector;
+               ^
+SELECT '[-Infinity,1]'::vector;
+ERROR:  infinite value not allowed in vector
+LINE 1: SELECT '[-Infinity,1]'::vector;
+               ^
+SELECT '[1.5e38,-1.5e38]'::vector;
+       vector       
+--------------------
+ [1.5e+38,-1.5e+38]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1.5e+38,-1.5e+38]'::vector;
+       vector       
+--------------------
+ [1.5e+38,-1.5e+38]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1.5e-38,-1.5e-38]'::vector;
+       vector       
+--------------------
+ [1.5e-38,-1.5e-38]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[4e38,1]'::vector;
+ERROR:  infinite value not allowed in vector
+LINE 1: SELECT '[4e38,1]'::vector;
+               ^
+SELECT '[1,2,3'::vector;
+ERROR:  malformed vector literal: "[1,2,3"
+LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3'::vector;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unexpected end of input.
+SELECT '[1,2,3]9'::vector;
+ERROR:  malformed vector literal: "[1,2,3]9"
+LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3]9'::vector;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Junk after closing right brace.
+SELECT '1,2,3'::vector;
+ERROR:  malformed vector literal: "1,2,3"
+LINE 1: SELECT '1,2,3'::vector;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Vector contents must start with "[".
+SELECT ''::vector;
+ERROR:  malformed vector literal: ""
+LINE 1: SELECT ''::vector;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Vector contents must start with "[".
+SELECT '['::vector;
+ERROR:  malformed vector literal: "["
+LINE 1: SELECT '['::vector;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unexpected end of input.
+SELECT '[,'::vector;
+ERROR:  malformed vector literal: "[,"
+LINE 1: SELECT '[,'::vector;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unexpected end of input.
+SELECT '[]'::vector;
+ERROR:  vector must have at least 1 dimension
+LINE 1: SELECT '[]'::vector;
+               ^
+SELECT '[1,]'::vector;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type vector: "[1,]"
+LINE 1: SELECT '[1,]'::vector;
+               ^
+SELECT '[1a]'::vector;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type vector: "[1a]"
+LINE 1: SELECT '[1a]'::vector;
+               ^
+SELECT '[1,,3]'::vector;
+ERROR:  malformed vector literal: "[1,,3]"
+LINE 1: SELECT '[1,,3]'::vector;
+               ^
+SELECT '[1, ,3]'::vector;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type vector: "[1, ,3]"
+LINE 1: SELECT '[1, ,3]'::vector;
+               ^
+SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(2);
+ERROR:  expected 2 dimensions, not 3
+SELECT unnest('{"[1,2,3]", "[4,5,6]"}'::vector[]);
+ unnest  
+---------
+ [1,2,3]
+ [4,5,6]
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT '{"[1,2,3]"}'::vector(2)[];
+ERROR:  expected 2 dimensions, not 3

test/expected/ivfflat_bit.out

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
--- hamming
-CREATE TABLE t (val bit(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (B'000'), (B'100'), (B'111'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val bit_hamming_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (B'110');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <~> B'111';
- val 
------
- 111
- 110
- 100
- 000
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <~> (SELECT NULL::bit)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- varbit
-CREATE TABLE t (val varbit(3));
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val bit_hamming_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-ERROR:  type not supported for ivfflat index
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat ((val::bit(3)) bit_hamming_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-NOTICE:  ivfflat index created with little data
-DETAIL:  This will cause low recall.
-HINT:  Drop the index until the table has more data.
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat ((val::bit(64001)) bit_hamming_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-ERROR:  column cannot have more than 64000 dimensions for ivfflat index
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat ((val::bit(2)) bit_hamming_ops) WITH (lists = 5);
-NOTICE:  ivfflat index created with little data
-DETAIL:  This will cause low recall.
-HINT:  Drop the index until the table has more data.
-DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/ivfflat_cosine.out

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_cosine_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[3,3,3]';
+   val   
+---------
+ [1,1,1]
+ [1,2,3]
+ [1,2,4]
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[0,0,0]') t2;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/ivfflat_halfvec.out

@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
--- L2
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val halfvec_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,3]
- [1,2,4]
- [1,1,1]
- [0,0,0]
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
- count 
--------
-     5
-(1 row)
-
-TRUNCATE t;
-NOTICE:  ivfflat index created with little data
-DETAIL:  This will cause low recall.
-HINT:  Drop the index until the table has more data.
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
- val 
------
-(0 rows)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- inner product
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val halfvec_ip_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,4]
- [1,2,3]
- [1,1,1]
- [0,0,0]
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- cosine
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val halfvec_cosine_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,1,1]
- [1,2,3]
- [1,2,4]
-(3 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[0,0,0]') t2;
- count 
--------
-     3
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     3
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/ivfflat_ip.out

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_ip_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '[3,3,3]';
+   val   
+---------
+ [1,2,4]
+ [1,2,3]
+ [1,1,1]
+ [0,0,0]
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/ivfflat_l2.out

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
+   val   
+---------
+ [1,2,3]
+ [1,2,4]
+ [1,1,1]
+ [0,0,0]
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::vector);
+   val   
+---------
+ [0,0,0]
+ [1,1,1]
+ [1,2,3]
+ [1,2,4]
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+TRUNCATE t;
+NOTICE:  ivfflat index created with little data
+DETAIL:  This will cause low recall.
+HINT:  Drop the index until the table has more data.
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
+ val 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/ivfflat_options.out

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 0);
+ERROR:  value 0 out of bounds for option "lists"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "1" and "32768".
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 32769);
+ERROR:  value 32769 out of bounds for option "lists"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "1" and "32768".
+SHOW ivfflat.probes;
+ ivfflat.probes 
+----------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/ivfflat_unlogged.out

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
+   val   
+---------
+ [1,2,3]
+ [1,1,1]
+ [0,0,0]
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/ivfflat_vector.out

@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
--- L2
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,3]
- [1,2,4]
- [1,1,1]
- [0,0,0]
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
- count 
--------
-     5
-(1 row)
-
-TRUNCATE t;
-NOTICE:  ivfflat index created with little data
-DETAIL:  This will cause low recall.
-HINT:  Drop the index until the table has more data.
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
- val 
------
-(0 rows)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- inner product
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_ip_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,4]
- [1,2,3]
- [1,1,1]
- [0,0,0]
-(4 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     4
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- cosine
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_cosine_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,1,1]
- [1,2,3]
- [1,2,4]
-(3 rows)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[0,0,0]') t2;
- count 
--------
-     3
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
- count 
--------
-     3
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- unlogged
-CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-   val   
----------
- [1,2,3]
- [1,1,1]
- [0,0,0]
-(3 rows)
-
-DROP TABLE t;
--- options
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 0);
-ERROR:  value 0 out of bounds for option "lists"
-DETAIL:  Valid values are between "1" and "32768".
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 32769);
-ERROR:  value 32769 out of bounds for option "lists"
-DETAIL:  Valid values are between "1" and "32768".
-SHOW ivfflat.probes;
- ivfflat.probes 
-----------------
- 1
-(1 row)
-
-DROP TABLE t;

test/expected/sparsevec.out

@@ -1,653 +0,0 @@
-SELECT '{1:1.5,3:3.5}/5'::sparsevec;
-    sparsevec    
------------------
- {1:1.5,3:3.5}/5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:-2,3:-4}/5'::sparsevec;
-   sparsevec   
----------------
- {1:-2,3:-4}/5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:2.,3:4.}/5'::sparsevec;
-  sparsevec  
--------------
- {1:2,3:4}/5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT ' { 1 : 1.5 ,  3  :  3.5  } / 5 '::sparsevec;
-    sparsevec    
------------------
- {1:1.5,3:3.5}/5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1.23456}/1'::sparsevec;
-   sparsevec   
----------------
- {1:1.23456}/1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:hello,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{1:hello,2:1}/2"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:hello,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1:NaN,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  NaN not allowed in sparsevec
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:NaN,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1:Infinity,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  infinite value not allowed in sparsevec
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:Infinity,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1:-Infinity,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  infinite value not allowed in sparsevec
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:-Infinity,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1:1.5e38,2:-1.5e38}/2'::sparsevec;
-        sparsevec         
---------------------------
- {1:1.5e+38,2:-1.5e+38}/2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1.5e+38,2:-1.5e+38}/2'::sparsevec;
-        sparsevec         
---------------------------
- {1:1.5e+38,2:-1.5e+38}/2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1.5e-38,2:-1.5e-38}/2'::sparsevec;
-        sparsevec         
---------------------------
- {1:1.5e-38,2:-1.5e-38}/2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:4e38,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  "4e38" is out of range for type sparsevec
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:4e38,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1:-4e38,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  "-4e38" is out of range for type sparsevec
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:-4e38,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1:1e-46,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  "1e-46" is out of range for type sparsevec
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:1e-46,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1:-1e-46,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  "-1e-46" is out of range for type sparsevec
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:-1e-46,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT ''::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: ""
-LINE 1: SELECT ''::sparsevec;
-               ^
-DETAIL:  Vector contents must start with "{".
-SELECT '{'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{ '::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{ "
-LINE 1: SELECT '{ '::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{:'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{:"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{:'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{,'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{,"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{,'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{}'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{}"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-DETAIL:  Unexpected end of input.
-SELECT '{}/'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{}/"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}/'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{}/1'::sparsevec;
- sparsevec 
------------
- {}/1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{}/1a'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{}/1a"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}/1a'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-DETAIL:  Junk after closing.
-SELECT '{ }/1'::sparsevec;
- sparsevec 
------------
- {}/1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{:}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{:}/1"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{:}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{,}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{,}/1"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{,}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1,}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{1,}/1"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1,}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{:1}/1"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1:}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{1:}/1"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1a:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{1a:1}/1"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1a:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1:1a}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{1:1a}/1"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:1a}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1:1,}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type sparsevec: "{1:1,}/1"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:1,}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1:0,2:1,3:0}/3'::sparsevec;
- sparsevec 
------------
- {2:1}/3
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{2:1,1:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-  sparsevec  
--------------
- {1:1,2:1}/2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,1:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec indices must not contain duplicates
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:1,1:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{1:1,2:1,1:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec indices must not contain duplicates
-LINE 1: SELECT '{1:1,2:1,1:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{}/5'::sparsevec;
- sparsevec 
------------
- {}/5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{}/-1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec must have at least 1 dimension
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}/-1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{}/1000000001'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec cannot have more than 1000000000 dimensions
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}/1000000001'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{}/2147483648'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec cannot have more than 1000000000 dimensions
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}/2147483648'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{}/-2147483649'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec must have at least 1 dimension
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}/-2147483649'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{}/9223372036854775808'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec cannot have more than 1000000000 dimensions
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}/9223372036854775808'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{}/-9223372036854775809'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec must have at least 1 dimension
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}/-9223372036854775809'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{2147483647:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec index out of bounds
-LINE 1: SELECT '{2147483647:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{2147483648:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec index out of bounds
-LINE 1: SELECT '{2147483648:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{-2147483648:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec index out of bounds
-LINE 1: SELECT '{-2147483648:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{-2147483649:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec index out of bounds
-LINE 1: SELECT '{-2147483649:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{0:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec index out of bounds
-LINE 1: SELECT '{0:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{2:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-ERROR:  sparsevec index out of bounds
-LINE 1: SELECT '{2:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-               ^
-SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(3);
- sparsevec 
------------
- {}/3
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(2);
-ERROR:  expected 2 dimensions, not 3
-SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(3, 2);
-ERROR:  invalid type modifier
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(3, 2);
-                       ^
-SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec('a');
-ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "a"
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec('a');
-                       ^
-SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(0);
-ERROR:  dimensions for type sparsevec must be at least 1
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(0);
-                       ^
-SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(1000000001);
-ERROR:  dimensions for type sparsevec cannot exceed 1000000000
-LINE 1: SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(1000000001);
-                       ^
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec < '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
- ?column? 
-----------
- f
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec < '{1:1,2:2}/2';
- ?column? 
-----------
- f
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec <= '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
- ?column? 
-----------
- t
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec <= '{1:1,2:2}/2';
- ?column? 
-----------
- f
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec = '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
- ?column? 
-----------
- t
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec = '{1:1,2:2}/2';
- ?column? 
-----------
- f
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec != '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
- ?column? 
-----------
- f
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec != '{1:1,2:2}/2';
- ?column? 
-----------
- t
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec >= '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
- ?column? 
-----------
- t
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec >= '{1:1,2:2}/2';
- ?column? 
-----------
- t
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec > '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
- ?column? 
-----------
- f
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec > '{1:1,2:2}/2';
- ?column? 
-----------
- t
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3', '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3');
- sparsevec_cmp 
----------------
-             0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3', '{}/3');
- sparsevec_cmp 
----------------
-             1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{}/3', '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3');
- sparsevec_cmp 
----------------
-            -1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{1:1,2:2}/2', '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3');
- sparsevec_cmp 
----------------
-            -1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3', '{1:1,2:2}/2');
- sparsevec_cmp 
----------------
-             1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{1:1,2:2}/2', '{1:2,2:3,3:4}/3');
- sparsevec_cmp 
----------------
-            -1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{1:2,2:3}/2', '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3');
- sparsevec_cmp 
----------------
-             1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT round(l2_norm('{1:1,2:1}/2'::sparsevec)::numeric, 5);
-  round  
----------
- 1.41421
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_norm('{1:3,2:4}/2'::sparsevec);
- l2_norm 
----------
-       5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_norm('{2:1}/2'::sparsevec);
- l2_norm 
----------
-       1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_norm('{1:3e37,2:4e37}/2'::sparsevec)::real;
- l2_norm 
----------
-   5e+37
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_norm('{}/2'::sparsevec);
- l2_norm 
----------
-       0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_norm('{1:2}/1'::sparsevec);
- l2_norm 
----------
-       2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_distance('{}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:3,2:4}/2');
- l2_distance 
--------------
-           5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_distance('{1:3}/2'::sparsevec, '{2:4}/2');
- l2_distance 
--------------
-           5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_distance('{2:4}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:3}/2');
- l2_distance 
--------------
-           5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_distance('{1:3,2:4}/2'::sparsevec, '{}/2');
- l2_distance 
--------------
-           5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_distance('{}/2'::sparsevec, '{2:1}/2');
- l2_distance 
--------------
-           1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{}/2'::sparsevec <-> '{1:3,2:4}/2';
- ?column? 
-----------
-        5
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT inner_product('{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:2,2:4}/2');
- inner_product 
----------------
-            10
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT inner_product('{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:3}/1');
-ERROR:  different sparsevec dimensions 2 and 1
-SELECT inner_product('{1:1,3:3}/4'::sparsevec, '{2:2,4:4}/4');
- inner_product 
----------------
-             0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT inner_product('{2:2,4:4}/4'::sparsevec, '{1:1,3:3}/4');
- inner_product 
----------------
-             0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT inner_product('{1:1,3:3,5:5}/5'::sparsevec, '{2:4,3:6,4:8}/5');
- inner_product 
----------------
-            18
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT inner_product('{1:1}/2'::sparsevec, '{}/2');
- inner_product 
----------------
-             0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT inner_product('{}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:1}/2');
- inner_product 
----------------
-             0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT inner_product('{1:3e38}/1'::sparsevec, '{1:3e38}/1');
- inner_product 
----------------
-      Infinity
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT inner_product('{1:1,3:3,5:5}/5'::sparsevec, '{2:4,3:6,4:8}/5');
- inner_product 
----------------
-            18
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec <#> '{1:3,2:4}/2';
- ?column? 
-----------
-      -11
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:2,2:4}/2');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{}/2');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-             NaN
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:1}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:1,2:1}/2');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1}/2'::sparsevec, '{2:2}/2');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:1}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:-1,2:-1}/2');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{2:2}/2');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('{2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:2}/2');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:3}/1');
-ERROR:  different sparsevec dimensions 2 and 1
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:1}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:1.1,2:1.1}/2');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:1}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:-1.1,2:-1.1}/2');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-               2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:3e38}/1'::sparsevec, '{1:3e38}/1');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-             NaN
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('{}/1'::sparsevec, '{}/1');
- cosine_distance 
------------------
-             NaN
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec <=> '{1:2,2:4}/2';
- ?column? 
-----------
-        0
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l1_distance('{}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:3,2:4}/2');
- l1_distance 
--------------
-           7
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l1_distance('{}/2'::sparsevec, '{2:1}/2');
- l1_distance 
--------------
-           1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l1_distance('{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:3}/1');
-ERROR:  different sparsevec dimensions 2 and 1
-SELECT l1_distance('{1:3e38}/1'::sparsevec, '{1:-3e38}/1');
- l1_distance 
--------------
-    Infinity
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l1_distance('{1:1,3:3,5:5,7:7}/8'::sparsevec, '{2:2,4:4,6:6,8:8}/8');
- l1_distance 
--------------
-          36
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l1_distance('{1:1,3:3,5:5,7:7,9:9}/9'::sparsevec, '{2:2,4:4,6:6,8:8}/9');
- l1_distance 
--------------
-          45
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT '{}/2'::sparsevec <+> '{1:3,2:4}/2';
- ?column? 
-----------
-        7
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('{1:3,2:4}/2'::sparsevec);
-  l2_normalize   
------------------
- {1:0.6,2:0.8}/2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('{1:3}/2'::sparsevec);
- l2_normalize 
---------------
- {1:1}/2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('{2:0.1}/2'::sparsevec);
- l2_normalize 
---------------
- {2:1}/2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('{}/2'::sparsevec);
- l2_normalize 
---------------
- {}/2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('{1:3e38}/1'::sparsevec);
- l2_normalize 
---------------
- {1:1}/1
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('{1:3e38,2:1e-37}/2'::sparsevec);
- l2_normalize 
---------------
- {1:1}/2
-(1 row)
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('{2:3e37,4:3e-37,6:4e37,8:4e-37}/9'::sparsevec);
-  l2_normalize   
------------------
- {2:0.6,6:0.8}/9
-(1 row)
-

test/expected/vector.out

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
--- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via CREATE EXTENSION
-\echo Use "CREATE EXTENSION vector" to load this file. \quit
-Use "CREATE EXTENSION vector" to load this file.

test/sql/bit.sql

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '111');
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '110');
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '100');
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '000');
-SELECT hamming_distance('10101010101010101010', '01010101010101010101');
-SELECT hamming_distance('101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101', '101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101');
-SELECT hamming_distance('101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101', '010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010');
-SELECT hamming_distance('110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011', '100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001');
-SELECT hamming_distance('', '');
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '00');
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '000'::varbit(4));
-SELECT hamming_distance('111', '0000'::varbit(4));
-
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '1111');
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '1110');
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '1100');
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '1000');
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '0000');
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1100', '1000');
-SELECT jaccard_distance('10101010101010101010', '01010101010101010101');
-SELECT jaccard_distance('101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101', '101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101');
-SELECT jaccard_distance('101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101', '010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010');
-SELECT jaccard_distance('110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011', '100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001');
-SELECT jaccard_distance('', '');
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '000');
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '0000'::varbit(5));
-SELECT jaccard_distance('1111', '00000'::varbit(5));

test/sql/btree.sql

@@ -1,34 +1,10 @@
 SET enable_seqscan = off;
 
--- vector
-
 CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
 INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
 CREATE INDEX ON t (val);
 
 SELECT * FROM t WHERE val = '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val;
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val LIMIT 1;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- halfvec
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t (val);
-
-SELECT * FROM t WHERE val = '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- sparsevec
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{}/3'), ('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'), ('{1:1,2:1,3:1}/3'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t (val);
-
-SELECT * FROM t WHERE val = '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val;
 
 DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/cast.sql

@@ -3,61 +3,13 @@ SELECT ARRAY[1.0,2.0,3.0]::vector;
 SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3]::float4[]::vector;
 SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3]::float8[]::vector;
 SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3]::numeric[]::vector;
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector::real[];
-
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::real[]::vector;
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::real[]::vector(3);
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::real[]::vector(2);
 SELECT '{NULL}'::real[]::vector;
 SELECT '{NaN}'::real[]::vector;
 SELECT '{Infinity}'::real[]::vector;
 SELECT '{-Infinity}'::real[]::vector;
 SELECT '{}'::real[]::vector;
 SELECT '{{1}}'::real[]::vector;
-
+SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector::real[];
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::double precision[]::vector;
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::double precision[]::vector(3);
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::double precision[]::vector(2);
-SELECT '{4e38,-4e38}'::double precision[]::vector;
-SELECT '{1e-46,-1e-46}'::double precision[]::vector;
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector::halfvec;
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector::halfvec(3);
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector::halfvec(2);
-SELECT '[65520]'::vector::halfvec;
-SELECT '[1e-8]'::vector::halfvec;
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec::vector;
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec::vector(3);
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec::vector(2);
-
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::real[]::halfvec;
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::real[]::halfvec(3);
-SELECT '{1,2,3}'::real[]::halfvec(2);
-SELECT '{65520,-65520}'::real[]::halfvec;
-SELECT '{1e-8,-1e-8}'::real[]::halfvec;
-
-SELECT '[0,1.5,0,3.5,0]'::vector::sparsevec;
-SELECT '[0,1.5,0,3.5,0]'::vector::sparsevec(5);
-SELECT '[0,1.5,0,3.5,0]'::vector::sparsevec(4);
-
-SELECT '{2:1.5,4:3.5}/5'::sparsevec::vector;
-SELECT '{2:1.5,4:3.5}/5'::sparsevec::vector(5);
-SELECT '{2:1.5,4:3.5}/5'::sparsevec::vector(4);
-SELECT '{}/16001'::sparsevec::vector;
-
-SELECT '[0,1.5,0,3.5,0]'::halfvec::sparsevec;
-SELECT '[0,1.5,0,3.5,0]'::halfvec::sparsevec(5);
-SELECT '[0,1.5,0,3.5,0]'::halfvec::sparsevec(4);
-
-SELECT '{2:1.5,4:3.5}/5'::sparsevec::halfvec;
-SELECT '{2:1.5,4:3.5}/5'::sparsevec::halfvec(5);
-SELECT '{2:1.5,4:3.5}/5'::sparsevec::halfvec(4);
-SELECT '{}/16001'::sparsevec::halfvec;
-SELECT '{1:65520}/1'::sparsevec::halfvec;
-SELECT '{1:1e-8}/1'::sparsevec::halfvec;
-
 SELECT array_agg(n)::vector FROM generate_series(1, 16001) n;
 SELECT array_to_vector(array_agg(n), 16001, false) FROM generate_series(1, 16001) n;
 

test/sql/copy.sql

@@ -1,42 +1,10 @@
--- vector
-
 CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
 INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
 
 CREATE TABLE t2 (val vector(3));
 
-\copy t TO 'results/vector.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
+\copy t TO 'results/data.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
-\copy t2 FROM 'results/vector.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
+\copy t2 FROM 'results/data.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
-
-SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY val;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-DROP TABLE t2;
-
--- halfvec
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-
-CREATE TABLE t2 (val halfvec(3));
-
-\copy t TO 'results/halfvec.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
-\copy t2 FROM 'results/halfvec.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
-
-SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY val;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-DROP TABLE t2;
-
--- sparsevec
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{}/3'), ('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'), ('{1:1,2:1,3:1}/3'), (NULL);
-
-CREATE TABLE t2 (val sparsevec(3));
-
-\copy t TO 'results/sparsevec.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
-\copy t2 FROM 'results/sparsevec.bin' WITH (FORMAT binary)
 
 SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY val;
 

test/sql/functions.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector + '[4,5,6]';
+SELECT '[3e38]'::vector + '[3e38]';
+SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector - '[4,5,6]';
+SELECT '[-3e38]'::vector - '[3e38]';
+SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector * '[4,5,6]';
+SELECT '[1e37]'::vector * '[1e37]';
+SELECT '[1e-37]'::vector * '[1e-37]';
+
+SELECT vector_dims('[1,2,3]');
+
+SELECT round(vector_norm('[1,1]')::numeric, 5);
+SELECT vector_norm('[3,4]');
+SELECT vector_norm('[0,1]');
+SELECT vector_norm('[3e37,4e37]')::real;
+
+SELECT l2_distance('[0,0]', '[3,4]');
+SELECT l2_distance('[0,0]', '[0,1]');
+SELECT l2_distance('[1,2]', '[3]');
+SELECT l2_distance('[3e38]', '[-3e38]');
+
+SELECT inner_product('[1,2]', '[3,4]');
+SELECT inner_product('[1,2]', '[3]');
+SELECT inner_product('[3e38]', '[3e38]');
+
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]', '[2,4]');
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]', '[0,0]');
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]', '[1,1]');
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,0]', '[0,2]');
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]', '[-1,-1]');
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]', '[3]');
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]', '[1.1,1.1]');
+SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]', '[-1.1,-1.1]');
+SELECT cosine_distance('[3e38]', '[3e38]');
+
+SELECT l1_distance('[0,0]', '[3,4]');
+SELECT l1_distance('[0,0]', '[0,1]');
+SELECT l1_distance('[1,2]', '[3]');
+SELECT l1_distance('[3e38]', '[-3e38]');
+
+SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]']) v;
+SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]', NULL]) v;
+SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY[]::vector[]) v;
+SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2]'::vector, '[3]']) v;
+SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[3e38]'::vector, '[3e38]']) v;
+SELECT vector_avg(array_agg(n)) FROM generate_series(1, 16002) n;
+
+SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]']) v;
+SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]', NULL]) v;
+SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY[]::vector[]) v;
+SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2]'::vector, '[3]']) v;
+SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[3e38]'::vector, '[3e38]']) v;

test/sql/halfvec.sql

@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[-1,-2,-3]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[1.,2.,3.]'::halfvec;
-SELECT ' [ 1,  2 ,    3  ] '::halfvec;
-SELECT '[1.23456]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[hello,1]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[NaN,1]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[Infinity,1]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[-Infinity,1]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[65519,-65519]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[65520,-65520]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[1e-8,-1e-8]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[4e38,1]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[1e-46,1]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[1,2,3'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[1,2,3]9'::halfvec;
-SELECT '1,2,3'::halfvec;
-SELECT ''::halfvec;
-SELECT '['::halfvec;
-SELECT '[ '::halfvec;
-SELECT '[,'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[ ]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[,]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[1,]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[1a]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[1,,3]'::halfvec;
-SELECT '[1, ,3]'::halfvec;
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(3);
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(2);
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(3, 2);
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec('a');
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(0);
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec(16001);
-
-SELECT unnest('{"[1,2,3]", "[4,5,6]"}'::halfvec[]);
-SELECT '{"[1,2,3]"}'::halfvec(2)[];
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec + '[4,5,6]';
-SELECT '[65519]'::halfvec + '[65519]';
-SELECT '[1,2]'::halfvec + '[3]';
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec - '[4,5,6]';
-SELECT '[-65519]'::halfvec - '[65519]';
-SELECT '[1,2]'::halfvec - '[3]';
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec * '[4,5,6]';
-SELECT '[65519]'::halfvec * '[65519]';
-SELECT '[1e-7]'::halfvec * '[1e-7]';
-SELECT '[1,2]'::halfvec * '[3]';
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec || '[4,5]';
-SELECT array_fill(0, ARRAY[16000])::halfvec || '[1]';
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec < '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec < '[1,2]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec <= '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec <= '[1,2]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec = '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec = '[1,2]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec != '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec != '[1,2]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec >= '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec >= '[1,2]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec > '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::halfvec > '[1,2]';
-
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[1,2,3]', '[1,2,3]');
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[1,2,3]', '[0,0,0]');
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[0,0,0]', '[1,2,3]');
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[1,2]', '[1,2,3]');
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[1,2,3]', '[1,2]');
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[1,2]', '[2,3,4]');
-SELECT halfvec_cmp('[2,3]', '[1,2,3]');
-
-SELECT vector_dims('[1,2,3]'::halfvec);
-
-SELECT round(l2_norm('[1,1]'::halfvec)::numeric, 5);
-SELECT l2_norm('[3,4]'::halfvec);
-SELECT l2_norm('[0,1]'::halfvec);
-SELECT l2_norm('[0,0]'::halfvec);
-SELECT l2_norm('[2]'::halfvec);
-
-SELECT l2_distance('[0,0]'::halfvec, '[3,4]');
-SELECT l2_distance('[0,0]'::halfvec, '[0,1]');
-SELECT l2_distance('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3]');
-SELECT l2_distance('[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]'::halfvec, '[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,4,5]');
-SELECT '[0,0]'::halfvec <-> '[3,4]';
-
-SELECT inner_product('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3,4]');
-SELECT inner_product('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3]');
-SELECT inner_product('[65504]'::halfvec, '[65504]');
-SELECT inner_product('[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]'::halfvec, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
-SELECT '[1,2]'::halfvec <#> '[3,4]';
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[2,4]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[0,0]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::halfvec, '[1,1]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,0]'::halfvec, '[0,2]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::halfvec, '[-1,-1]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::halfvec, '[1.1,1.1]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::halfvec, '[-1.1,-1.1]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::halfvec, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::halfvec, '[-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6,-7,-8,-9]');
-SELECT '[1,2]'::halfvec <=> '[2,4]';
-
-SELECT l1_distance('[0,0]'::halfvec, '[3,4]');
-SELECT l1_distance('[0,0]'::halfvec, '[0,1]');
-SELECT l1_distance('[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3]');
-SELECT l1_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::halfvec, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
-SELECT l1_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::halfvec, '[0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8]');
-SELECT '[0,0]'::halfvec <+> '[3,4]';
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('[3,4]'::halfvec);
-SELECT l2_normalize('[3,0]'::halfvec);
-SELECT l2_normalize('[0,0.1]'::halfvec);
-SELECT l2_normalize('[0,0]'::halfvec);
-SELECT l2_normalize('[65504]'::halfvec);
-
-SELECT binary_quantize('[1,0,-1]'::halfvec);
-SELECT binary_quantize('[0,0.1,-0.2,-0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,-0.7,0.8,-0.9,1]'::halfvec);
-
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 1, 3);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 3, 2);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, -1, 3);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 3, 9);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 1, 0);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 3, -1);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, -1, 2);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 2147483647, 10);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, 3, 2147483647);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::halfvec, -2147483644, 2147483647);
-
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::halfvec, '[3,5,7]']) v;
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::halfvec, '[3,5,7]', NULL]) v;
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY[]::halfvec[]) v;
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3]']) v;
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[65504]'::halfvec, '[65504]']) v;
-SELECT halfvec_avg(array_agg(n)) FROM generate_series(1, 16002) n;
-
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::halfvec, '[3,5,7]']) v;
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::halfvec, '[3,5,7]', NULL]) v;
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY[]::halfvec[]) v;
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2]'::halfvec, '[3]']) v;
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[65504]'::halfvec, '[65504]']) v;

test/sql/hnsw_bit.sql

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
-
--- hamming
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val bit(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (B'000'), (B'100'), (B'111'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val bit_hamming_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (B'110');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <~> B'111';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <~> (SELECT NULL::bit)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- jaccard
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val bit(4));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (B'0000'), (B'1100'), (B'1111'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val bit_jaccard_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (B'1110');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <%> B'1111';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <%> (SELECT NULL::bit)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- varbit
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val varbit(3));
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val bit_hamming_ops);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw ((val::bit(3)) bit_hamming_ops);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw ((val::bit(64001)) bit_hamming_ops);
-DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/hnsw_cosine.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_cosine_ops);
+
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
+
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[3,3,3]';
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[0,0,0]') t2;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/hnsw_halfvec.sql

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
-
--- L2
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val halfvec_l2_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
-
-TRUNCATE t;
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- inner product
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val halfvec_ip_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- cosine
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val halfvec_cosine_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[0,0,0]') t2;
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- L1
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val halfvec_l1_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <+> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <+> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/hnsw_ip.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_ip_ops);
+
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
+
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '[3,3,3]';
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/hnsw_l2.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops);
+
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
+
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::vector);
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
+
+TRUNCATE t;
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/hnsw_options.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 1);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 101);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (ef_construction = 3);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (ef_construction = 1001);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 16, ef_construction = 31);
+
+SHOW hnsw.ef_search;
+
+SET hnsw.ef_search = 0;
+SET hnsw.ef_search = 1001;
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/hnsw_sparsevec.sql

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
-
--- L2
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{}/3'), ('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'), ('{1:1,2:1,3:1}/3'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val sparsevec_l2_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{1:1,2:2,3:4}/3');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '{1:3,2:3,3:3}/3';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::sparsevec)) t2;
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
-
-TRUNCATE t;
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '{1:3,2:3,3:3}/3';
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- inner product
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{}/3'), ('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'), ('{1:1,2:1,3:1}/3'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val sparsevec_ip_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{1:1,2:2,3:4}/3');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '{1:3,2:3,3:3}/3';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::sparsevec)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- cosine
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{}/3'), ('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'), ('{1:1,2:1,3:1}/3'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val sparsevec_cosine_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{1:1,2:2,3:4}/3');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '{1:3,2:3,3:3}/3';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '{}/3') t2;
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::sparsevec)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- L1
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{}/3'), ('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'), ('{1:1,2:1,3:1}/3'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val sparsevec_l1_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('{1:1,2:2,3:4}/3');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <+> '{1:3,2:3,3:3}/3';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <+> (SELECT NULL::sparsevec)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- non-zero elements
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val sparsevec(1001));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (array_fill(1, ARRAY[1001])::vector::sparsevec);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val sparsevec_l2_ops);
-TRUNCATE t;
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val sparsevec_l2_ops);
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (array_fill(1, ARRAY[1001])::vector::sparsevec);
-DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/hnsw_unlogged.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops);
+
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/hnsw_vector.sql

@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
-
--- L2
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
-
-TRUNCATE t;
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- inner product
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_ip_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- cosine
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_cosine_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[0,0,0]') t2;
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- L1
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l1_ops);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <+> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <+> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- unlogged
-
-CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops);
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- options
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 1);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 101);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (ef_construction = 3);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (ef_construction = 1001);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING hnsw (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (m = 16, ef_construction = 31);
-
-SHOW hnsw.ef_search;
-
-SET hnsw.ef_search = 0;
-SET hnsw.ef_search = 1001;
-
-DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/input.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector;
+SELECT '[-1,-2,-3]'::vector;
+SELECT '[1.,2.,3.]'::vector;
+SELECT ' [ 1,  2 ,    3  ] '::vector;
+SELECT '[1.23456]'::vector;
+SELECT '[hello,1]'::vector;
+SELECT '[NaN,1]'::vector;
+SELECT '[Infinity,1]'::vector;
+SELECT '[-Infinity,1]'::vector;
+SELECT '[1.5e38,-1.5e38]'::vector;
+SELECT '[1.5e+38,-1.5e+38]'::vector;
+SELECT '[1.5e-38,-1.5e-38]'::vector;
+SELECT '[4e38,1]'::vector;
+SELECT '[1,2,3'::vector;
+SELECT '[1,2,3]9'::vector;
+SELECT '1,2,3'::vector;
+SELECT ''::vector;
+SELECT '['::vector;
+SELECT '[,'::vector;
+SELECT '[]'::vector;
+SELECT '[1,]'::vector;
+SELECT '[1a]'::vector;
+SELECT '[1,,3]'::vector;
+SELECT '[1, ,3]'::vector;
+SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(2);
+
+SELECT unnest('{"[1,2,3]", "[4,5,6]"}'::vector[]);
+SELECT '{"[1,2,3]"}'::vector(2)[];

test/sql/ivfflat_bit.sql

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
-
--- hamming
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val bit(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (B'000'), (B'100'), (B'111'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val bit_hamming_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES (B'110');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <~> B'111';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <~> (SELECT NULL::bit)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- varbit
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val varbit(3));
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val bit_hamming_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat ((val::bit(3)) bit_hamming_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat ((val::bit(64001)) bit_hamming_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat ((val::bit(2)) bit_hamming_ops) WITH (lists = 5);
-DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/ivfflat_cosine.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_cosine_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
+
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
+
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[3,3,3]';
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[0,0,0]') t2;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/ivfflat_halfvec.sql

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
-
--- L2
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val halfvec_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
-
-TRUNCATE t;
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- inner product
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val halfvec_ip_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- cosine
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val halfvec(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val halfvec_cosine_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[0,0,0]') t2;
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::halfvec)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/ivfflat_ip.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_ip_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
+
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
+
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '[3,3,3]';
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/ivfflat_l2.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
+
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
+
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::vector);
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
+
+TRUNCATE t;
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/ivfflat_options.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 0);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 32769);
+
+SHOW ivfflat.probes;
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/ivfflat_unlogged.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE t (val vector(3));
+INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
+
+SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
+
+DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/ivfflat_vector.sql

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-SET enable_seqscan = off;
-
--- L2
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
-
-TRUNCATE t;
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- inner product
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_ip_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <#> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- cosine
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_cosine_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[1,2,4]');
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[3,3,3]';
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> '[0,0,0]') t2;
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <=> (SELECT NULL::vector)) t2;
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- unlogged
-
-CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE t (val vector(3));
-INSERT INTO t (val) VALUES ('[0,0,0]'), ('[1,2,3]'), ('[1,1,1]'), (NULL);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 1);
-
-SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val <-> '[3,3,3]';
-
-DROP TABLE t;
-
--- options
-
-CREATE TABLE t (val vector(3));
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 0);
-CREATE INDEX ON t USING ivfflat (val vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 32769);
-
-SHOW ivfflat.probes;
-
-DROP TABLE t;

test/sql/sparsevec.sql

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-SELECT '{1:1.5,3:3.5}/5'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:-2,3:-4}/5'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:2.,3:4.}/5'::sparsevec;
-SELECT ' { 1 : 1.5 ,  3  :  3.5  } / 5 '::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:1.23456}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:hello,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:NaN,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:Infinity,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:-Infinity,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:1.5e38,2:-1.5e38}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:1.5e+38,2:-1.5e+38}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:1.5e-38,2:-1.5e-38}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:4e38,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:-4e38,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:1e-46,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:-1e-46,2:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT ''::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{ '::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{:'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{,'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{}'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{}/'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{}/1a'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{ }/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{:}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{,}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1,}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1a:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:1a}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:1,}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:0,2:1,3:0}/3'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{2:1,1:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:1,1:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{1:1,2:1,1:1}/2'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{}/5'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{}/-1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{}/1000000001'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{}/2147483648'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{}/-2147483649'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{}/9223372036854775808'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{}/-9223372036854775809'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{2147483647:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{2147483648:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{-2147483648:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{-2147483649:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{0:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-SELECT '{2:1}/1'::sparsevec;
-
-SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(3);
-SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(2);
-SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(3, 2);
-SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec('a');
-SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(0);
-SELECT '{}/3'::sparsevec(1000000001);
-
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec < '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec < '{1:1,2:2}/2';
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec <= '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec <= '{1:1,2:2}/2';
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec = '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec = '{1:1,2:2}/2';
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec != '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec != '{1:1,2:2}/2';
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec >= '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec >= '{1:1,2:2}/2';
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec > '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3';
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3'::sparsevec > '{1:1,2:2}/2';
-
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3', '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3');
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3', '{}/3');
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{}/3', '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3');
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{1:1,2:2}/2', '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3');
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3', '{1:1,2:2}/2');
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{1:1,2:2}/2', '{1:2,2:3,3:4}/3');
-SELECT sparsevec_cmp('{1:2,2:3}/2', '{1:1,2:2,3:3}/3');
-
-SELECT round(l2_norm('{1:1,2:1}/2'::sparsevec)::numeric, 5);
-SELECT l2_norm('{1:3,2:4}/2'::sparsevec);
-SELECT l2_norm('{2:1}/2'::sparsevec);
-SELECT l2_norm('{1:3e37,2:4e37}/2'::sparsevec)::real;
-SELECT l2_norm('{}/2'::sparsevec);
-SELECT l2_norm('{1:2}/1'::sparsevec);
-
-SELECT l2_distance('{}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:3,2:4}/2');
-SELECT l2_distance('{1:3}/2'::sparsevec, '{2:4}/2');
-SELECT l2_distance('{2:4}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:3}/2');
-SELECT l2_distance('{1:3,2:4}/2'::sparsevec, '{}/2');
-SELECT l2_distance('{}/2'::sparsevec, '{2:1}/2');
-SELECT '{}/2'::sparsevec <-> '{1:3,2:4}/2';
-
-SELECT inner_product('{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:2,2:4}/2');
-SELECT inner_product('{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:3}/1');
-SELECT inner_product('{1:1,3:3}/4'::sparsevec, '{2:2,4:4}/4');
-SELECT inner_product('{2:2,4:4}/4'::sparsevec, '{1:1,3:3}/4');
-SELECT inner_product('{1:1,3:3,5:5}/5'::sparsevec, '{2:4,3:6,4:8}/5');
-SELECT inner_product('{1:1}/2'::sparsevec, '{}/2');
-SELECT inner_product('{}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:1}/2');
-SELECT inner_product('{1:3e38}/1'::sparsevec, '{1:3e38}/1');
-SELECT inner_product('{1:1,3:3,5:5}/5'::sparsevec, '{2:4,3:6,4:8}/5');
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec <#> '{1:3,2:4}/2';
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:2,2:4}/2');
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{}/2');
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:1}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:1,2:1}/2');
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1}/2'::sparsevec, '{2:2}/2');
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:1}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:-1,2:-1}/2');
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{2:2}/2');
-SELECT cosine_distance('{2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:2}/2');
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:3}/1');
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:1}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:1.1,2:1.1}/2');
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:1,2:1}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:-1.1,2:-1.1}/2');
-SELECT cosine_distance('{1:3e38}/1'::sparsevec, '{1:3e38}/1');
-SELECT cosine_distance('{}/1'::sparsevec, '{}/1');
-SELECT '{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec <=> '{1:2,2:4}/2';
-
-SELECT l1_distance('{}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:3,2:4}/2');
-SELECT l1_distance('{}/2'::sparsevec, '{2:1}/2');
-SELECT l1_distance('{1:1,2:2}/2'::sparsevec, '{1:3}/1');
-SELECT l1_distance('{1:3e38}/1'::sparsevec, '{1:-3e38}/1');
-SELECT l1_distance('{1:1,3:3,5:5,7:7}/8'::sparsevec, '{2:2,4:4,6:6,8:8}/8');
-SELECT l1_distance('{1:1,3:3,5:5,7:7,9:9}/9'::sparsevec, '{2:2,4:4,6:6,8:8}/9');
-SELECT '{}/2'::sparsevec <+> '{1:3,2:4}/2';
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('{1:3,2:4}/2'::sparsevec);
-SELECT l2_normalize('{1:3}/2'::sparsevec);
-SELECT l2_normalize('{2:0.1}/2'::sparsevec);
-SELECT l2_normalize('{}/2'::sparsevec);
-SELECT l2_normalize('{1:3e38}/1'::sparsevec);
-SELECT l2_normalize('{1:3e38,2:1e-37}/2'::sparsevec);
-SELECT l2_normalize('{2:3e37,4:3e-37,6:4e37,8:4e-37}/9'::sparsevec);

test/sql/vector.sql

@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector;
-SELECT '[-1,-2,-3]'::vector;
-SELECT '[1.,2.,3.]'::vector;
-SELECT ' [ 1,  2 ,    3  ] '::vector;
-SELECT '[1.23456]'::vector;
-SELECT '[hello,1]'::vector;
-SELECT '[NaN,1]'::vector;
-SELECT '[Infinity,1]'::vector;
-SELECT '[-Infinity,1]'::vector;
-SELECT '[1.5e38,-1.5e38]'::vector;
-SELECT '[1.5e+38,-1.5e+38]'::vector;
-SELECT '[1.5e-38,-1.5e-38]'::vector;
-SELECT '[4e38,1]'::vector;
-SELECT '[-4e38,1]'::vector;
-SELECT '[1e-46,1]'::vector;
-SELECT '[-1e-46,1]'::vector;
-SELECT '[1,2,3'::vector;
-SELECT '[1,2,3]9'::vector;
-SELECT '1,2,3'::vector;
-SELECT ''::vector;
-SELECT '['::vector;
-SELECT '[ '::vector;
-SELECT '[,'::vector;
-SELECT '[]'::vector;
-SELECT '[ ]'::vector;
-SELECT '[,]'::vector;
-SELECT '[1,]'::vector;
-SELECT '[1a]'::vector;
-SELECT '[1,,3]'::vector;
-SELECT '[1, ,3]'::vector;
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(3);
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(2);
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(3, 2);
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector('a');
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(0);
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(16001);
-
-SELECT unnest('{"[1,2,3]", "[4,5,6]"}'::vector[]);
-SELECT '{"[1,2,3]"}'::vector(2)[];
-
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector + '[4,5,6]';
-SELECT '[3e38]'::vector + '[3e38]';
-SELECT '[1,2]'::vector + '[3]';
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector - '[4,5,6]';
-SELECT '[-3e38]'::vector - '[3e38]';
-SELECT '[1,2]'::vector - '[3]';
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector * '[4,5,6]';
-SELECT '[1e37]'::vector * '[1e37]';
-SELECT '[1e-37]'::vector * '[1e-37]';
-SELECT '[1,2]'::vector * '[3]';
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector || '[4,5]';
-SELECT array_fill(0, ARRAY[16000])::vector || '[1]';
-
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector < '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector < '[1,2]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector <= '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector <= '[1,2]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector = '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector = '[1,2]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector != '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector != '[1,2]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector >= '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector >= '[1,2]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector > '[1,2,3]';
-SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector > '[1,2]';
-
-SELECT vector_cmp('[1,2,3]', '[1,2,3]');
-SELECT vector_cmp('[1,2,3]', '[0,0,0]');
-SELECT vector_cmp('[0,0,0]', '[1,2,3]');
-SELECT vector_cmp('[1,2]', '[1,2,3]');
-SELECT vector_cmp('[1,2,3]', '[1,2]');
-SELECT vector_cmp('[1,2]', '[2,3,4]');
-SELECT vector_cmp('[2,3]', '[1,2,3]');
-
-SELECT vector_dims('[1,2,3]'::vector);
-
-SELECT round(vector_norm('[1,1]')::numeric, 5);
-SELECT vector_norm('[3,4]');
-SELECT vector_norm('[0,1]');
-SELECT vector_norm('[3e37,4e37]')::real;
-SELECT vector_norm('[0,0]');
-SELECT vector_norm('[2]');
-
-SELECT l2_distance('[0,0]'::vector, '[3,4]');
-SELECT l2_distance('[0,0]'::vector, '[0,1]');
-SELECT l2_distance('[1,2]'::vector, '[3]');
-SELECT l2_distance('[3e38]'::vector, '[-3e38]');
-SELECT l2_distance('[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]'::vector, '[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,4,5]');
-SELECT '[0,0]'::vector <-> '[3,4]';
-
-SELECT inner_product('[1,2]'::vector, '[3,4]');
-SELECT inner_product('[1,2]'::vector, '[3]');
-SELECT inner_product('[3e38]'::vector, '[3e38]');
-SELECT inner_product('[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]'::vector, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
-SELECT '[1,2]'::vector <#> '[3,4]';
-
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]'::vector, '[2,4]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]'::vector, '[0,0]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::vector, '[1,1]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,0]'::vector, '[0,2]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::vector, '[-1,-1]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]'::vector, '[3]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::vector, '[1.1,1.1]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::vector, '[-1.1,-1.1]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[3e38]'::vector, '[3e38]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::vector, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
-SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::vector, '[-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6,-7,-8,-9]');
-SELECT '[1,2]'::vector <=> '[2,4]';
-
-SELECT l1_distance('[0,0]'::vector, '[3,4]');
-SELECT l1_distance('[0,0]'::vector, '[0,1]');
-SELECT l1_distance('[1,2]'::vector, '[3]');
-SELECT l1_distance('[3e38]'::vector, '[-3e38]');
-SELECT l1_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::vector, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
-SELECT l1_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::vector, '[0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8]');
-SELECT '[0,0]'::vector <+> '[3,4]';
-
-SELECT l2_normalize('[3,4]'::vector);
-SELECT l2_normalize('[3,0]'::vector);
-SELECT l2_normalize('[0,0.1]'::vector);
-SELECT l2_normalize('[0,0]'::vector);
-SELECT l2_normalize('[3e38]'::vector);
-
-SELECT binary_quantize('[1,0,-1]'::vector);
-SELECT binary_quantize('[0,0.1,-0.2,-0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,-0.7,0.8,-0.9,1]'::vector);
-
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 1, 3);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 3, 2);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, -1, 3);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 3, 9);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 1, 0);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 3, -1);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, -1, 2);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 2147483647, 10);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 3, 2147483647);
-SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, -2147483644, 2147483647);
-
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]']) v;
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]', NULL]) v;
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY[]::vector[]) v;
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2]'::vector, '[3]']) v;
-SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[3e38]'::vector, '[3e38]']) v;
-SELECT vector_avg(array_agg(n)) FROM generate_series(1, 16002) n;
-
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]']) v;
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]', NULL]) v;
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY[]::vector[]) v;
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2]'::vector, '[3]']) v;
-SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[3e38]'::vector, '[3e38]']) v;

test/t/003_ivfflat_build_recall.pl

@@ -30,19 +30,18 @@ sub test_recall
 			SELECT i FROM tst ORDER BY v $operator '$queries[$i]' LIMIT $limit;
 		));
 		my @actual_ids = split("\n", $actual);
+		my %actual_set = map { $_ => 1 } @actual_ids;
 
 		my @expected_ids = split("\n", $expected[$i]);
-		my %expected_set = map { $_ => 1 } @expected_ids;
 
-		foreach (@actual_ids)
+		foreach (@expected_ids)
 		{
-			if (exists($expected_set{$_}))
+			if (exists($actual_set{$_}))
 			{
 				$correct++;
 			}
+			$total++;
 		}
-
-		$total += $limit;
 	}
 
 	cmp_ok($correct / $total, ">=", $min, $operator);
@@ -82,12 +81,7 @@ for my $i (0 .. $#operators)
 	@expected = ();
 	foreach (@queries)
 	{
-		my $res = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
+		my $res = $node->safe_psql("postgres", "SELECT i FROM tst ORDER BY v $operator '$_' LIMIT $limit;");
-			WITH top AS (
-				SELECT v $operator '$_' AS distance FROM tst ORDER BY distance LIMIT $limit
-			)
-			SELECT i FROM tst WHERE (v $operator '$_') <= (SELECT MAX(distance) FROM top)
-		));
 		push(@expected, $res);
 	}
 
@@ -104,16 +98,8 @@ for my $i (0 .. $#operators)
 		test_recall(1, 0.71, $operator);
 		test_recall(10, 0.95, $operator);
 	}
-
+	# Account for equal distances
-	# Test probes equals lists
+	test_recall(100, 0.9925, $operator);
-	if ($operator eq "<=>")
-	{
-		test_recall(100, 0.9925, $operator);
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		test_recall(100, 1.00, $operator);
-	}
 
 	$node->safe_psql("postgres", "DROP INDEX idx;");
 
@@ -133,16 +119,8 @@ for my $i (0 .. $#operators)
 		test_recall(1, 0.71, $operator);
 		test_recall(10, 0.95, $operator);
 	}
-
+	# Account for equal distances
-	# Test probes equals lists
+	test_recall(100, 0.9925, $operator);
-	if ($operator eq "<=>")
-	{
-		test_recall(100, 0.9925, $operator);
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		test_recall(100, 1.00, $operator);
-	}
 
 	$node->safe_psql("postgres", "DROP INDEX idx;");
 }

test/t/008_aggregates.pl

@@ -41,20 +41,6 @@ sub test_aggregate
 	# Test explain
 	my $explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", "EXPLAIN SELECT $agg(v) FROM tst;");
 	like($explain, qr/Partial Aggregate/);
-
-	# Test halfvec
-	$res = $node->safe_psql("postgres", "SELECT $agg(v::halfvec) FROM tst;");
-	if ($agg eq 'avg')
-	{
-		like($res, qr/\[1\.5/);
-		like($res, qr/,2\.5/);
-		like($res, qr/,3\.5/);
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		# Does not raise overflow error in this instance due to loss of precision
-		is($res, "[24576,24576,49152]")
-	}
 }
 
 test_aggregate('avg');

test/t/009_ivfflat_filtering.pl

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use PostgresNode;
-use TestLib;
-use Test::More;
-
-my $dim = 3;
-my $nc = 50;
-my $limit = 20;
-
-my $array_sql = join(",", ('random()') x $dim);
-
-# Initialize node
-my $node = get_new_node('node');
-$node->init;
-$node->start;
-
-# Create table and index
-$node->safe_psql("postgres", "CREATE EXTENSION vector;");
-$node->safe_psql("postgres", "CREATE TABLE tst (i int4, v vector($dim), c int4, t text);");
-$node->safe_psql("postgres",
-	"INSERT INTO tst SELECT i, ARRAY[$array_sql], i % $nc, 'test ' || i FROM generate_series(1, 10000) i;"
-);
-$node->safe_psql("postgres", "CREATE INDEX idx ON tst USING ivfflat (v vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 100);");
-$node->safe_psql("postgres", "ANALYZE tst;");
-
-# Generate query
-my @r = ();
-for (1 .. $dim)
-{
-	push(@r, rand());
-}
-my $query = "[" . join(",", @r) . "]";
-my $c = int(rand() * $nc);
-
-# Test attribute filtering
-my $explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
-	EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT i FROM tst WHERE c = $c ORDER BY v <-> '$query' LIMIT $limit;
-));
-# TODO Do not use index
-like($explain, qr/Index Scan using idx/);
-
-# Test attribute filtering with few rows removed
-$explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
-	EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT i FROM tst WHERE c != $c ORDER BY v <-> '$query' LIMIT $limit;
-));
-like($explain, qr/Index Scan using idx/);
-
-# Test attribute filtering with few rows removed comparison
-$explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
-	EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT i FROM tst WHERE c >= 1 ORDER BY v <-> '$query' LIMIT $limit;
-));
-like($explain, qr/Index Scan using idx/);
-
-# Test attribute filtering with many rows removed comparison
-$explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
-	EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT i FROM tst WHERE c < 1 ORDER BY v <-> '$query' LIMIT $limit;
-));
-# TODO Do not use index
-like($explain, qr/Index Scan using idx/);
-
-# Test attribute filtering with few rows removed like
-$explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
-	EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT i FROM tst WHERE t LIKE '%%test%%' ORDER BY v <-> '$query' LIMIT $limit;
-));
-like($explain, qr/Index Scan using idx/);
-
-# Test attribute filtering with many rows removed like
-$explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
-	EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT i FROM tst WHERE t LIKE '%%other%%' ORDER BY v <-> '$query' LIMIT $limit;
-));
-like($explain, qr/Seq Scan/);
-
-# Test distance filtering
-$explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
-	EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT i FROM tst WHERE v <-> '$query' < 1 ORDER BY v <-> '$query' LIMIT $limit;
-));
-like($explain, qr/Index Scan using idx/);
-
-# Test distance filtering greater than distance
-$explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
-	EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT i FROM tst WHERE v <-> '$query' > 1 ORDER BY v <-> '$query' LIMIT $limit;
-));
-# TODO Do not use index
-like($explain, qr/Index Scan using idx/);
-
-# Test distance filtering without order
-$explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
-	EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT i FROM tst WHERE v <-> '$query' < 1;
-));
-like($explain, qr/Seq Scan/);
-
-# Test distance filtering without limit
-$explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
-	EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT i FROM tst WHERE v <-> '$query' < 1 ORDER BY v <-> '$query';
-));
-# TODO Do not use index
-like($explain, qr/Index Scan using idx/);
-
-# Test attribute index
-$node->safe_psql("postgres", "CREATE INDEX attribute_idx ON tst (c);");
-$explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
-	EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT i FROM tst WHERE c = $c ORDER BY v <-> '$query' LIMIT $limit;
-));
-# TODO Use attribute index
-like($explain, qr/Index Scan using idx/);
-
-# Test partial index
-$node->safe_psql("postgres", "CREATE INDEX partial_idx ON tst USING ivfflat (v vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 5) WHERE (c = $c);");
-$explain = $node->safe_psql("postgres", qq(
-	EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT i FROM tst WHERE c = $c ORDER BY v <-> '$query' LIMIT $limit;
-));
-# TODO Use partial index
-like($explain, qr/Index Scan using idx/);
-
-done_testing();

test/t/012_hnsw_build_recall.pl

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ my $node;
 my @queries = ();
 my @expected;
 my $limit = 20;
-my $array_sql = join(",", ('random() * random()') x 3);
 
 sub test_recall
 {
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ $node->start;
 $node->safe_psql("postgres", "CREATE EXTENSION vector;");
 $node->safe_psql("postgres", "CREATE TABLE tst (i int4, v vector(3));");
 $node->safe_psql("postgres",
-	"INSERT INTO tst SELECT i, ARRAY[$array_sql] FROM generate_series(1, 10000) i;"
+	"INSERT INTO tst SELECT i, ARRAY[random(), random(), random()] FROM generate_series(1, 10000) i;"
 );
 
 # Generate queries
@@ -68,8 +67,8 @@ for (1 .. 20)
 }
 
 # Check each index type
-my @operators = ("<->", "<#>", "<=>", "<+>");
+my @operators = ("<->", "<#>", "<=>");
-my @opclasses = ("vector_l2_ops", "vector_ip_ops", "vector_cosine_ops", "vector_l1_ops");
+my @opclasses = ("vector_l2_ops", "vector_ip_ops", "vector_cosine_ops");
 
 for my $i (0 .. $#operators)
 {
@@ -91,15 +90,16 @@ for my $i (0 .. $#operators)
 	));
 
 	# Test approximate results
-	my $min = $operator eq "<#>" ? 0.98 : 0.99;
+	my $min = $operator eq "<#>" ? 0.80 : 0.99;
 	test_recall($min, $operator);
 
 	$node->safe_psql("postgres", "DROP INDEX idx;");
 
-	# Build index in parallel in memory
+	# Build index in parallel
 	my ($ret, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql("postgres", qq(
 		SET client_min_messages = DEBUG;
 		SET min_parallel_table_scan_size = 1;
+		SET hnsw.enable_parallel_build = on;
 		CREATE INDEX idx ON tst USING hnsw (v $opclass);
 	));
 	is($ret, 0, $stderr);
@@ -109,21 +109,6 @@ for my $i (0 .. $#operators)
 	test_recall($min, $operator);
 
 	$node->safe_psql("postgres", "DROP INDEX idx;");
-
-	# Build index in parallel on disk
-	# Set parallel_workers on table to use workers with low maintenance_work_mem
-	($ret, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql("postgres", qq(
-		ALTER TABLE tst SET (parallel_workers = 2);
-		SET client_min_messages = DEBUG;
-		SET maintenance_work_mem = '4MB';
-		CREATE INDEX idx ON tst USING hnsw (v $opclass);
-		ALTER TABLE tst RESET (parallel_workers);
-	));
-	is($ret, 0, $stderr);
-	like($stderr, qr/using \d+ parallel workers/);
-	like($stderr, qr/hnsw graph no longer fits into maintenance_work_mem/);
-
-	$node->safe_psql("postgres", "DROP INDEX idx;");
 }
 
 done_testing();

test/t/013_hnsw_insert_recall.pl

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ my $node;
 my @queries = ();
 my @expected;
 my $limit = 20;
-my $array_sql = join(",", ('random() * random()') x 3);
 
 sub test_recall
 {
@@ -65,8 +64,8 @@ for (1 .. 20)
 }
 
 # Check each index type
-my @operators = ("<->", "<#>", "<=>", "<+>");
+my @operators = ("<->", "<#>", "<=>");
-my @opclasses = ("vector_l2_ops", "vector_ip_ops", "vector_cosine_ops", "vector_l1_ops");
+my @opclasses = ("vector_l2_ops", "vector_ip_ops", "vector_cosine_ops");
 
 for my $i (0 .. $#operators)
 {
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ for my $i (0 .. $#operators)
 		[qr{^$}],
 		"concurrent INSERTs",
 		{
-			"013_hnsw_insert_recall_$opclass" => "INSERT INTO tst (v) VALUES (ARRAY[$array_sql]);"
+			"013_hnsw_insert_recall_$opclass" => "INSERT INTO tst (v) VALUES (ARRAY[random(), random(), random()]);"
 		}
 	);
 
@@ -99,8 +98,7 @@ for my $i (0 .. $#operators)
 		push(@expected, $res);
 	}
 
-	# Test approximate results
+	my $min = $operator eq "<#>" ? 0.80 : 0.99;
-	my $min = $operator eq "<#>" ? 0.98 : 0.99;
 	test_recall($min, $operator);
 
 	$node->safe_psql("postgres", "DROP INDEX idx;");