diff --git a/extensions/sms/src/accounts.ts b/extensions/sms/src/accounts.ts
index c6b00d1718cc..8bd84a23ce34 100644
--- a/extensions/sms/src/accounts.ts
+++ b/extensions/sms/src/accounts.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ function parseList(raw: string | string[] | undefined): string[] {
     return [];
   }
   return (Array.isArray(raw) ? raw : normalizeStringEntries(raw.split(",")))
-    .map((entry) => normalizeSmsAllowFrom(String(entry)))
+    .map((entry) => normalizeSmsAllowFrom(entry))
     .filter(Boolean);
 }
 
@@ -83,17 +83,21 @@ export function resolveSmsAccount(
 ): ResolvedSmsAccount {
   const channelCfg = getChannelConfig(cfg) ?? {};
   const id = normalizeOptionalAccountId(accountId) ?? resolveDefaultSmsAccountId(cfg);
-  const accountConfig = resolveAccountEntry(
-    channelCfg.accounts as
-      | Record<string, Partial<Record<string, unknown> & SmsChannelConfig>>
-      | undefined,
-    id,
-  );
+  const accountConfig = resolveAccountEntry(channelCfg.accounts, id);
+  const channelConfig: Record<string, unknown> & SmsChannelConfig = { ...channelCfg };
+  const accountEntries:
+    | Record<string, Partial<Record<string, unknown> & SmsChannelConfig>>
+    | undefined = channelCfg.accounts
+    ? Object.fromEntries(
+        Object.entries(channelCfg.accounts).map(([accountKey, account]) => [
+          accountKey,
+          { ...account },
+        ]),
+      )
+    : undefined;
   const merged = resolveMergedAccountConfig<Record<string, unknown> & SmsChannelConfig>({
-    channelConfig: channelCfg as Record<string, unknown> & SmsChannelConfig,
-    accounts: channelCfg.accounts as
-      | Record<string, Partial<Record<string, unknown> & SmsChannelConfig>>
-      | undefined,
+    channelConfig,
+    accounts: accountEntries,
     accountId: id,
     omitKeys: ["defaultAccount"],
   });
@@ -115,8 +119,8 @@ export function resolveSmsAccount(
     ? process.env.SMS_DANGEROUSLY_DISABLE_SIGNATURE_VALIDATION
     : undefined;
 
-  const webhookPath = String(merged.webhookPath ?? envWebhookPath ?? DEFAULT_WEBHOOK_PATH).trim();
-  const publicWebhookUrl = String(merged.publicWebhookUrl ?? envPublicWebhookUrl ?? "").trim();
+  const webhookPath = (merged.webhookPath ?? envWebhookPath ?? DEFAULT_WEBHOOK_PATH).trim();
+  const publicWebhookUrl = (merged.publicWebhookUrl ?? envPublicWebhookUrl ?? "").trim();
   const authToken =
     normalizeResolvedSecretInputString({
       value: merged.authToken ?? envAuthToken,
@@ -128,11 +132,11 @@ export function resolveSmsAccount(
   return {
     accountId: id,
     enabled: channelCfg.enabled !== false && accountConfig?.enabled !== false,
-    accountSid: String(merged.accountSid ?? envAccountSid ?? "").trim(),
+    accountSid: (merged.accountSid ?? envAccountSid ?? "").trim(),
     authToken,
-    fromNumber: normalizeSmsPhoneNumber(String(merged.fromNumber ?? envFromNumber ?? "")),
-    messagingServiceSid: String(merged.messagingServiceSid ?? envMessagingServiceSid ?? "").trim(),
-    defaultTo: normalizeSmsPhoneNumber(String(merged.defaultTo ?? "")),
+    fromNumber: normalizeSmsPhoneNumber(merged.fromNumber ?? envFromNumber ?? ""),
+    messagingServiceSid: (merged.messagingServiceSid ?? envMessagingServiceSid ?? "").trim(),
+    defaultTo: normalizeSmsPhoneNumber(merged.defaultTo ?? ""),
     webhookPath: webhookPath || DEFAULT_WEBHOOK_PATH,
     publicWebhookUrl,
     dangerouslyDisableSignatureValidation:
diff --git a/extensions/sms/src/channel.ts b/extensions/sms/src/channel.ts
index ecfd39745b81..ae699977e881 100644
--- a/extensions/sms/src/channel.ts
+++ b/extensions/sms/src/channel.ts
@@ -103,15 +103,15 @@ function applySmsAccountConfig(params: {
   input: Record<string, unknown>;
 }): OpenClawConfig {
   const patch = smsSetupPatch(params.input);
-  const channels = { ...(params.cfg.channels ?? {}) };
-  const current = { ...((channels[CHANNEL_ID] as Record<string, unknown> | undefined) ?? {}) };
+  const channels = { ...params.cfg.channels };
+  const current = { ...(channels[CHANNEL_ID] as Record<string, unknown> | undefined) };
   if (params.accountId === DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID) {
     channels[CHANNEL_ID] = { ...current, ...patch };
     return { ...params.cfg, channels };
   }
-  const accounts = { ...((current.accounts as Record<string, unknown> | undefined) ?? {}) };
+  const accounts = { ...(current.accounts as Record<string, unknown> | undefined) };
   accounts[params.accountId] = {
-    ...((accounts[params.accountId] as Record<string, unknown> | undefined) ?? {}),
+    ...(accounts[params.accountId] as Record<string, unknown> | undefined),
     ...patch,
   };
   channels[CHANNEL_ID] = { ...current, accounts };
@@ -254,6 +254,12 @@ export const smsPlugin: ChannelPlugin<ResolvedSmsAccount> = createChatChannelPlu
       },
     },
     status: {
+      buildAccountSnapshot: ({ account }) => ({
+        accountId: account.accountId,
+        name: account.fromNumber || account.messagingServiceSid || "SMS",
+        configured: isSmsAccountConfigured(account),
+        enabled: account.enabled,
+      }),
       buildCapabilitiesDiagnostics: async ({ account }) => ({
         lines: collectSmsStartupWarnings(account).map((text) => ({ text, tone: "warn" })),
       }),
diff --git a/extensions/sms/src/gateway.test.ts b/extensions/sms/src/gateway.test.ts
index 4493e2a51b1e..7126ec46a000 100644
--- a/extensions/sms/src/gateway.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/sms/src/gateway.test.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import type { ResolvedSmsAccount } from "./types.js";
 const registerPluginHttpRoute = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn(() => vi.fn()));
 
 vi.mock("openclaw/plugin-sdk/webhook-ingress", async (importOriginal) => ({
-  ...((await importOriginal()) as Record<string, unknown>),
+  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("openclaw/plugin-sdk/webhook-ingress")>()),
   registerPluginHttpRoute,
 }));
 
diff --git a/extensions/sms/src/inbound.test.ts b/extensions/sms/src/inbound.test.ts
index 77f5ab7dcfae..dd39318dec0b 100644
--- a/extensions/sms/src/inbound.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/sms/src/inbound.test.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import { dispatchSmsInboundEvent, type SmsChannelRuntime } from "./inbound.js";
+import type { sendSmsViaTwilio as sendSmsViaTwilioType } from "./twilio.js";
 import type { ResolvedSmsAccount } from "./types.js";
 
 const sendSmsViaTwilio = vi.hoisted(() =>
-  vi.fn(async () => ({ sid: "SM-pair", to: "+15551234567" })),
+  vi.fn<typeof sendSmsViaTwilioType>(async () => ({ sid: "SM-pair", to: "+15551234567" })),
 );
 
 vi.mock("./twilio.js", () => ({
diff --git a/extensions/sms/src/twilio.test.ts b/extensions/sms/src/twilio.test.ts
index 0b8258c27fa5..661e8b5ac668 100644
--- a/extensions/sms/src/twilio.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/sms/src/twilio.test.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,16 @@ function createAccount(overrides: Partial<ResolvedSmsAccount> = {}): ResolvedSms
   };
 }
 
+function readUrlEncodedRequestBody(init: RequestInit | undefined): URLSearchParams {
+  if (typeof init?.body === "string") {
+    return new URLSearchParams(init.body);
+  }
+  if (init?.body instanceof URLSearchParams) {
+    return init.body;
+  }
+  throw new Error("Expected Twilio request body to be URL-encoded.");
+}
+
 describe("Twilio SMS helpers", () => {
   it("parses Twilio form bodies and inbound messages", () => {
     const form = parseTwilioFormBody(
@@ -105,7 +115,7 @@ describe("Twilio SMS helpers", () => {
   });
 
   it("sends SMS through Twilio's Messages API", async () => {
-    const fetchImpl = vi.fn(
+    const fetchImpl = vi.fn<typeof fetch>(
       async () =>
         new Response(
           JSON.stringify({
@@ -156,14 +166,14 @@ describe("Twilio SMS helpers", () => {
       authorization: `Basic ${Buffer.from("AC123:secret").toString("base64")}`,
       "content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
     });
-    const body = new URLSearchParams(String(init?.body));
+    const body = readUrlEncodedRequestBody(init);
     expect(body.get("From")).toBe("+15557654321");
     expect(body.get("To")).toBe("+15551234567");
     expect(body.get("Body")).toBe("hello");
   });
 
   it("can send through a Twilio Messaging Service SID", async () => {
-    const fetchImpl = vi.fn(
+    const fetchImpl = vi.fn<typeof fetch>(
       async () =>
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ sid: "SM789" }), {
           status: 201,
@@ -193,14 +203,14 @@ describe("Twilio SMS helpers", () => {
     });
 
     const [, init] = fetchImpl.mock.calls[0] ?? [];
-    const body = new URLSearchParams(String(init?.body));
+    const body = readUrlEncodedRequestBody(init);
     expect(body.get("MessagingServiceSid")).toBe("MG123");
     expect(body.get("To")).toBe("+15551234567");
     expect(body.get("Body")).toBe("hello");
   });
 
   it("prefers an explicit from number when both sender options are resolved", async () => {
-    const fetchImpl = vi.fn(
+    const fetchImpl = vi.fn<typeof fetch>(
       async () =>
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ sid: "SM999" }), {
           status: 201,
@@ -230,7 +240,7 @@ describe("Twilio SMS helpers", () => {
     });
 
     const [, init] = fetchImpl.mock.calls[0] ?? [];
-    const body = new URLSearchParams(String(init?.body));
+    const body = readUrlEncodedRequestBody(init);
     expect(body.get("From")).toBe("+15557654321");
     expect(body.get("MessagingServiceSid")).toBeNull();
   });
diff --git a/extensions/sms/src/twilio.ts b/extensions/sms/src/twilio.ts
index bcb365d249d5..67efcdd9cde8 100644
--- a/extensions/sms/src/twilio.ts
+++ b/extensions/sms/src/twilio.ts
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ function parseTwilioSuccessPayload(text: string): TwilioMessagePayload {
     if (err instanceof Error && err.message === "Twilio SMS send returned malformed JSON.") {
       throw err;
     }
-    throw new Error("Twilio SMS send returned malformed JSON.");
+    throw new Error("Twilio SMS send returned malformed JSON.", { cause: err });
   }
 }
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ export function computeTwilioSignature(params: {
   const data =
     params.url +
     Object.keys(params.form)
-      .sort()
+      .toSorted()
       .map((key) => `${key}${params.form[key] ?? ""}`)
       .join("");
   return createHmac("sha1", params.authToken).update(data).digest("base64");
diff --git a/extensions/sms/tsconfig.json b/extensions/sms/tsconfig.json
index b1eac8b8a69e..b8a85a99ac3d 100644
--- a/extensions/sms/tsconfig.json
+++ b/extensions/sms/tsconfig.json
@@ -4,5 +4,13 @@
     "rootDir": "."
   },
   "include": ["./*.ts", "./src/**/*.ts"],
-  "exclude": ["./**/*.test.ts", "./dist/**", "./node_modules/**"]
+  "exclude": [
+    "./**/*.test.ts",
+    "./dist/**",
+    "./node_modules/**",
+    "./src/test-support/**",
+    "./src/**/*test-helpers.ts",
+    "./src/**/*test-harness.ts",
+    "./src/**/*test-support.ts"
+  ]
 }
diff --git a/src/gateway/server.agent.gateway-server-agent-b.test.ts b/src/gateway/server.agent.gateway-server-agent-b.test.ts
index 032ac7541a4d..20b8b8adb488 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server.agent.gateway-server-agent-b.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server.agent.gateway-server-agent-b.test.ts
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ describe("gateway server agent", () => {
     const res = await rpcReq(ws, "agent", {
       message: "hi",
       sessionKey: "main",
-      channel: "sms",
+      channel: "missing-channel",
       idempotencyKey: "idem-agent-bad-channel",
     });
     expect(res.ok).toBe(false);