diff --git a/src/config/sessions/session-accessor.conformance.test.ts b/src/config/sessions/session-accessor.conformance.test.ts
index 466895d438b1..dd4e424d4716 100644
--- a/src/config/sessions/session-accessor.conformance.test.ts
+++ b/src/config/sessions/session-accessor.conformance.test.ts
@@ -472,9 +472,9 @@ describe.each([fileBackedAdapter, sqliteAdapter])(
       const readScope = adapter.transcriptReadScope(paths);
       const event = {
         id: "event-1",
-        message: { role: "user", content: "hello" },
         parentId: null,
-        type: "message",
+        payload: { content: "hello" },
+        type: "metadata",
       };
 
       await adapter.appendTranscriptEvent(scope, { type: "session", sessionId: "session-1" });
@@ -491,9 +491,9 @@ describe.each([fileBackedAdapter, sqliteAdapter])(
       const readScope = sqliteAdapter.transcriptReadScope(paths);
       const event = {
         id: "event-1",
-        message: { role: "user", content: "hello" },
         parentId: null,
-        type: "message",
+        payload: { content: "hello" },
+        type: "metadata",
       };
 
       await sqliteAdapter.appendTranscriptEvent(scope, event);
@@ -869,4 +869,90 @@ describe("sqlite session normalization", () => {
       updated_at: expect.any(Number),
     });
   });
+
+  it("normalizes missing entry updatedAt before writing root and entry rows", async () => {
+    const env = { ...process.env, OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR: paths.stateDir };
+    await replaceSqliteSessionEntry(
+      {
+        agentId: "main",
+        env,
+        sessionKey: "agent:main:minimal",
+        storePath: paths.sqlitePath,
+      },
+      {
+        sessionId: "minimal-session",
+        sessionStartedAt: 123,
+      } as SessionEntry,
+    );
+
+    const loaded = loadSqliteSessionEntry({
+      agentId: "main",
+      env,
+      sessionKey: "agent:main:minimal",
+      storePath: paths.sqlitePath,
+    });
+    expect(loaded).toMatchObject({
+      sessionId: "minimal-session",
+      sessionStartedAt: 123,
+      updatedAt: 123,
+    });
+
+    const database = openOpenClawAgentDatabase({
+      agentId: "main",
+      env,
+      path: paths.sqlitePath,
+    });
+    const db = getNodeSqliteKysely<OpenClawAgentKyselyDatabase>(database.db);
+    const row = executeSqliteQueryTakeFirstSync(
+      database.db,
+      db
+        .selectFrom("sessions as s")
+        .innerJoin("session_entries as se", "se.session_id", "s.session_id")
+        .innerJoin("session_routes as sr", "sr.session_key", "se.session_key")
+        .select([
+          "s.created_at as root_created_at",
+          "s.updated_at as root_updated_at",
+          "se.entry_json",
+          "se.updated_at as entry_updated_at",
+          "sr.updated_at as route_updated_at",
+        ])
+        .where("s.session_id", "=", "minimal-session"),
+    );
+    expect(row).toEqual({
+      entry_json: JSON.stringify({
+        sessionId: "minimal-session",
+        sessionStartedAt: 123,
+        updatedAt: 123,
+      }),
+      entry_updated_at: 123,
+      root_created_at: 123,
+      root_updated_at: 123,
+      route_updated_at: 123,
+    });
+
+    await upsertSqliteSessionEntry(
+      {
+        agentId: "main",
+        env,
+        sessionKey: "agent:main:minimal-upsert",
+        storePath: paths.sqlitePath,
+      },
+      {
+        sessionId: "minimal-upsert-session",
+      },
+    );
+    const upsertRow = executeSqliteQueryTakeFirstSync(
+      database.db,
+      db
+        .selectFrom("session_entries")
+        .select(["entry_json", "updated_at"])
+        .where("session_key", "=", "agent:main:minimal-upsert"),
+    );
+    const upsertEntry = JSON.parse(upsertRow?.entry_json ?? "{}") as Partial<SessionEntry>;
+    expect(upsertEntry).toMatchObject({
+      sessionId: "minimal-upsert-session",
+      updatedAt: expect.any(Number),
+    });
+    expect(upsertRow?.updated_at).toBe(upsertEntry.updatedAt);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/config/sessions/session-accessor.sqlite.ts b/src/config/sessions/session-accessor.sqlite.ts
index cf088fa4f1f5..fa556e6f23f2 100644
--- a/src/config/sessions/session-accessor.sqlite.ts
+++ b/src/config/sessions/session-accessor.sqlite.ts
@@ -779,8 +779,9 @@ function writeSessionEntry(
   entry: SessionEntry,
 ): void {
   const db = getSessionKysely(database.db);
-  const updatedAt = entry.updatedAt;
-  const sessionRow = bindSqliteSessionRoot({ entry, sessionKey, updatedAt });
+  const normalizedEntry = normalizeSqliteSessionEntryTimestamp(entry);
+  const updatedAt = normalizedEntry.updatedAt;
+  const sessionRow = bindSqliteSessionRoot({ entry: normalizedEntry, sessionKey, updatedAt });
   executeSqliteQuerySync(
     database.db,
     db
@@ -817,20 +818,34 @@ function writeSessionEntry(
       .insertInto("session_entries")
       .values({
         session_key: sessionKey,
-        session_id: entry.sessionId,
-        entry_json: JSON.stringify(entry),
+        session_id: normalizedEntry.sessionId,
+        entry_json: JSON.stringify(normalizedEntry),
         updated_at: updatedAt,
       })
       .onConflict((conflict) =>
         conflict.column("session_key").doUpdateSet({
-          session_id: entry.sessionId,
-          entry_json: JSON.stringify(entry),
+          session_id: normalizedEntry.sessionId,
+          entry_json: JSON.stringify(normalizedEntry),
           updated_at: updatedAt,
         }),
       ),
   );
 }
 
+function normalizeSqliteSessionEntryTimestamp(entry: SessionEntry): SessionEntry {
+  if (typeof entry.updatedAt === "number" && Number.isFinite(entry.updatedAt)) {
+    return entry;
+  }
+  const updatedAt =
+    typeof entry.sessionStartedAt === "number" && Number.isFinite(entry.sessionStartedAt)
+      ? entry.sessionStartedAt
+      : Date.now();
+  return {
+    ...entry,
+    updatedAt,
+  };
+}
+
 function ensureTranscriptSessionRoot(
   database: OpenClawAgentDatabase,
   scope: ResolvedTranscriptScope,