diff --git a/web/src/contexts/AuthContext.tsx b/web/src/contexts/AuthContext.tsx
index 1930c587..9d1cfd1c 100644
--- a/web/src/contexts/AuthContext.tsx
+++ b/web/src/contexts/AuthContext.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import React, { createContext, useContext, useState, useEffect } from 'react'
 import { getSystemConfig } from '../lib/config'
+import { reset401Flag } from '../lib/httpClient'
 
 interface User {
   id: string
@@ -58,6 +59,9 @@ export function AuthProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
   const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(true)
 
   useEffect(() => {
+    // Reset 401 flag on page load to allow fresh 401 handling
+    reset401Flag()
+
     // 先检查是否为管理员模式（使用带缓存的系统配置获取）
     getSystemConfig()
       .then(() => {
@@ -85,6 +89,23 @@ export function AuthProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
       })
   }, [])
 
+  // Listen for unauthorized events from httpClient (401 responses)
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const handleUnauthorized = () => {
+      console.log('Unauthorized event received - clearing auth state')
+      // Clear auth state when 401 is detected
+      setUser(null)
+      setToken(null)
+      // Note: localStorage cleanup is already done in httpClient
+    }
+
+    window.addEventListener('unauthorized', handleUnauthorized)
+
+    return () => {
+      window.removeEventListener('unauthorized', handleUnauthorized)
+    }
+  }, [])
+
   const login = async (email: string, password: string) => {
     try {
       const response = await fetch('/api/login', {
@@ -125,6 +146,9 @@ export function AuthProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
       })
       const data = await response.json()
       if (response.ok) {
+        // Reset 401 flag on successful login
+        reset401Flag()
+
         const userInfo = {
           id: data.user_id || 'admin',
           email: data.email || 'admin@localhost',
@@ -133,9 +157,18 @@ export function AuthProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
         setUser(userInfo)
         localStorage.setItem('auth_token', data.token)
         localStorage.setItem('auth_user', JSON.stringify(userInfo))
-        // 跳转到仪表盘
-        window.history.pushState({}, '', '/dashboard')
-        window.dispatchEvent(new PopStateEvent('popstate'))
+
+        // Check and redirect to returnUrl if exists
+        const returnUrl = sessionStorage.getItem('returnUrl')
+        if (returnUrl) {
+          sessionStorage.removeItem('returnUrl')
+          window.history.pushState({}, '', returnUrl)
+          window.dispatchEvent(new PopStateEvent('popstate'))
+        } else {
+          // 跳转到仪表盘
+          window.history.pushState({}, '', '/dashboard')
+          window.dispatchEvent(new PopStateEvent('popstate'))
+        }
         return { success: true }
       } else {
         return { success: false, message: data.error || '登录失败' }
@@ -199,6 +232,9 @@ export function AuthProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
       const data = await response.json()
 
       if (response.ok) {
+        // Reset 401 flag on successful login
+        reset401Flag()
+
         // 登录成功，保存token和用户信息
         const userInfo = { id: data.user_id, email: data.email }
         setToken(data.token)
@@ -206,9 +242,17 @@ export function AuthProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
         localStorage.setItem('auth_token', data.token)
         localStorage.setItem('auth_user', JSON.stringify(userInfo))
 
-        // 跳转到配置页面
-        window.history.pushState({}, '', '/traders')
-        window.dispatchEvent(new PopStateEvent('popstate'))
+        // Check and redirect to returnUrl if exists
+        const returnUrl = sessionStorage.getItem('returnUrl')
+        if (returnUrl) {
+          sessionStorage.removeItem('returnUrl')
+          window.history.pushState({}, '', returnUrl)
+          window.dispatchEvent(new PopStateEvent('popstate'))
+        } else {
+          // 跳转到配置页面
+          window.history.pushState({}, '', '/traders')
+          window.dispatchEvent(new PopStateEvent('popstate'))
+        }
 
         return { success: true, message: data.message }
       } else {
@@ -232,6 +276,9 @@ export function AuthProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
       const data = await response.json()
 
       if (response.ok) {
+        // Reset 401 flag on successful login
+        reset401Flag()
+
         // 注册完成，自动登录
         const userInfo = { id: data.user_id, email: data.email }
         setToken(data.token)
@@ -239,9 +286,17 @@ export function AuthProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
         localStorage.setItem('auth_token', data.token)
         localStorage.setItem('auth_user', JSON.stringify(userInfo))
 
-        // 跳转到配置页面
-        window.history.pushState({}, '', '/traders')
-        window.dispatchEvent(new PopStateEvent('popstate'))
+        // Check and redirect to returnUrl if exists
+        const returnUrl = sessionStorage.getItem('returnUrl')
+        if (returnUrl) {
+          sessionStorage.removeItem('returnUrl')
+          window.history.pushState({}, '', returnUrl)
+          window.dispatchEvent(new PopStateEvent('popstate'))
+        } else {
+          // 跳转到配置页面
+          window.history.pushState({}, '', '/traders')
+          window.dispatchEvent(new PopStateEvent('popstate'))
+        }
 
         return { success: true, message: data.message }
       } else {
diff --git a/web/src/lib/api.ts b/web/src/lib/api.ts
index 3d3eda69..a9390ea8 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/api.ts
+++ b/web/src/lib/api.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import type {
   CompetitionData,
 } from '../types'
 import { CryptoService } from './crypto'
+import { httpClient } from './httpClient'
 
 const API_BASE = '/api'
 
@@ -33,51 +34,51 @@ function getAuthHeaders(): Record<string, string> {
 export const api = {
   // AI交易员管理接口
   async getTraders(): Promise<TraderInfo[]> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/my-traders`, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(`${API_BASE}/my-traders`, getAuthHeaders())
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取trader列表失败')
     return res.json()
   },
 
   // 获取公开的交易员列表（无需认证）
   async getPublicTraders(): Promise<any[]> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/traders`)
+    const res = await httpClient.get(`${API_BASE}/traders`)
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取公开trader列表失败')
     return res.json()
   },
 
   async createTrader(request: CreateTraderRequest): Promise<TraderInfo> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/traders`, {
-      method: 'POST',
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-      body: JSON.stringify(request),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.post(
+      `${API_BASE}/traders`,
+      request,
+      getAuthHeaders()
+    )
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('创建交易员失败')
     return res.json()
   },
 
   async deleteTrader(traderId: string): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/traders/${traderId}`, {
-      method: 'DELETE',
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.delete(
+      `${API_BASE}/traders/${traderId}`,
+      getAuthHeaders()
+    )
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('删除交易员失败')
   },
 
   async startTrader(traderId: string): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/traders/${traderId}/start`, {
-      method: 'POST',
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.post(
+      `${API_BASE}/traders/${traderId}/start`,
+      undefined,
+      getAuthHeaders()
+    )
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('启动交易员失败')
   },
 
   async stopTrader(traderId: string): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/traders/${traderId}/stop`, {
-      method: 'POST',
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.post(
+      `${API_BASE}/traders/${traderId}/stop`,
+      undefined,
+      getAuthHeaders()
+    )
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('停止交易员失败')
   },
 
@@ -85,18 +86,19 @@ export const api = {
     traderId: string,
     customPrompt: string
   ): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/traders/${traderId}/prompt`, {
-      method: 'PUT',
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-      body: JSON.stringify({ custom_prompt: customPrompt }),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.put(
+      `${API_BASE}/traders/${traderId}/prompt`,
+      { custom_prompt: customPrompt },
+      getAuthHeaders()
+    )
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('更新自定义策略失败')
   },
 
   async getTraderConfig(traderId: string): Promise<any> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/traders/${traderId}/config`, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(
+      `${API_BASE}/traders/${traderId}/config`,
+      getAuthHeaders()
+    )
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取交易员配置失败')
     return res.json()
   },
@@ -105,27 +107,25 @@ export const api = {
     traderId: string,
     request: CreateTraderRequest
   ): Promise<TraderInfo> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/traders/${traderId}`, {
-      method: 'PUT',
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-      body: JSON.stringify(request),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.put(
+      `${API_BASE}/traders/${traderId}`,
+      request,
+      getAuthHeaders()
+    )
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('更新交易员失败')
     return res.json()
   },
 
   // AI模型配置接口
   async getModelConfigs(): Promise<AIModel[]> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/models`, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(`${API_BASE}/models`, getAuthHeaders())
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取模型配置失败')
     return res.json()
   },
 
   // 获取系统支持的AI模型列表（无需认证）
   async getSupportedModels(): Promise<AIModel[]> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/supported-models`)
+    const res = await httpClient.get(`${API_BASE}/supported-models`)
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取支持的模型失败')
     return res.json()
   },
@@ -149,27 +149,25 @@ export const api = {
     )
 
     // 发送加密数据
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/models`, {
-      method: 'PUT',
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-      body: JSON.stringify(encryptedPayload),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.put(
+      `${API_BASE}/models`,
+      encryptedPayload,
+      getAuthHeaders()
+    )
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('更新模型配置失败')
   },
 
 
   // 交易所配置接口
   async getExchangeConfigs(): Promise<Exchange[]> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/exchanges`, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(`${API_BASE}/exchanges`, getAuthHeaders())
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取交易所配置失败')
     return res.json()
   },
 
   // 获取系统支持的交易所列表（无需认证）
   async getSupportedExchanges(): Promise<Exchange[]> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/supported-exchanges`)
+    const res = await httpClient.get(`${API_BASE}/supported-exchanges`)
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取支持的交易所失败')
     return res.json()
   },
@@ -177,11 +175,11 @@ export const api = {
   async updateExchangeConfigs(
     request: UpdateExchangeConfigRequest
   ): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/exchanges`, {
-      method: 'PUT',
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-      body: JSON.stringify(request),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.put(
+      `${API_BASE}/exchanges`,
+      request,
+      getAuthHeaders()
+    )
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('更新交易所配置失败')
   },
 
@@ -207,11 +205,11 @@ export const api = {
     )
 
     // 发送加密数据
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/exchanges`, {
-      method: 'PUT',
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-      body: JSON.stringify(encryptedPayload),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.put(
+      `${API_BASE}/exchanges`,
+      encryptedPayload,
+      getAuthHeaders()
+    )
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('更新交易所配置失败')
   },
 
@@ -220,9 +218,7 @@ export const api = {
     const url = traderId
       ? `${API_BASE}/status?trader_id=${traderId}`
       : `${API_BASE}/status`
-    const res = await fetch(url, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(url, getAuthHeaders())
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取系统状态失败')
     return res.json()
   },
@@ -232,7 +228,7 @@ export const api = {
     const url = traderId
       ? `${API_BASE}/account?trader_id=${traderId}`
       : `${API_BASE}/account`
-    const res = await fetch(url, {
+    const res = await httpClient.request(url, {
       cache: 'no-store',
       headers: {
         ...getAuthHeaders(),
@@ -250,9 +246,7 @@ export const api = {
     const url = traderId
       ? `${API_BASE}/positions?trader_id=${traderId}`
       : `${API_BASE}/positions`
-    const res = await fetch(url, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(url, getAuthHeaders())
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取持仓列表失败')
     return res.json()
   },
@@ -262,9 +256,7 @@ export const api = {
     const url = traderId
       ? `${API_BASE}/decisions?trader_id=${traderId}`
       : `${API_BASE}/decisions`
-    const res = await fetch(url, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(url, getAuthHeaders())
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取决策日志失败')
     return res.json()
   },
@@ -274,9 +266,7 @@ export const api = {
     const url = traderId
       ? `${API_BASE}/decisions/latest?trader_id=${traderId}`
       : `${API_BASE}/decisions/latest`
-    const res = await fetch(url, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(url, getAuthHeaders())
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取最新决策失败')
     return res.json()
   },
@@ -286,9 +276,7 @@ export const api = {
     const url = traderId
       ? `${API_BASE}/statistics?trader_id=${traderId}`
       : `${API_BASE}/statistics`
-    const res = await fetch(url, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(url, getAuthHeaders())
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取统计信息失败')
     return res.json()
   },
@@ -298,21 +286,15 @@ export const api = {
     const url = traderId
       ? `${API_BASE}/equity-history?trader_id=${traderId}`
       : `${API_BASE}/equity-history`
-    const res = await fetch(url, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(url, getAuthHeaders())
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取历史数据失败')
     return res.json()
   },
 
   // 批量获取多个交易员的历史数据（无需认证）
   async getEquityHistoryBatch(traderIds: string[]): Promise<any> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/equity-history-batch`, {
-      method: 'POST',
-      headers: {
-        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-      },
-      body: JSON.stringify({ trader_ids: traderIds }),
+    const res = await httpClient.post(`${API_BASE}/equity-history-batch`, {
+      trader_ids: traderIds,
     })
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取批量历史数据失败')
     return res.json()
@@ -320,14 +302,14 @@ export const api = {
 
   // 获取前5名交易员数据（无需认证）
   async getTopTraders(): Promise<any[]> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/top-traders`)
+    const res = await httpClient.get(`${API_BASE}/top-traders`)
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取前5名交易员失败')
     return res.json()
   },
 
   // 获取公开交易员配置（无需认证）
   async getPublicTraderConfig(traderId: string): Promise<any> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/trader/${traderId}/config`)
+    const res = await httpClient.get(`${API_BASE}/trader/${traderId}/config`)
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取公开交易员配置失败')
     return res.json()
   },
@@ -337,16 +319,14 @@ export const api = {
     const url = traderId
       ? `${API_BASE}/performance?trader_id=${traderId}`
       : `${API_BASE}/performance`
-    const res = await fetch(url, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(url, getAuthHeaders())
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取AI学习数据失败')
     return res.json()
   },
 
   // 获取竞赛数据（无需认证）
   async getCompetition(): Promise<CompetitionData> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/competition`)
+    const res = await httpClient.get(`${API_BASE}/competition`)
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取竞赛数据失败')
     return res.json()
   },
@@ -356,9 +336,10 @@ export const api = {
     coin_pool_url: string
     oi_top_url: string
   }> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/user/signal-sources`, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(
+      `${API_BASE}/user/signal-sources`,
+      getAuthHeaders()
+    )
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取用户信号源配置失败')
     return res.json()
   },
@@ -367,14 +348,14 @@ export const api = {
     coinPoolUrl: string,
     oiTopUrl: string
   ): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/user/signal-sources`, {
-      method: 'POST',
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-      body: JSON.stringify({
+    const res = await httpClient.post(
+      `${API_BASE}/user/signal-sources`,
+      {
         coin_pool_url: coinPoolUrl,
         oi_top_url: oiTopUrl,
-      }),
-    })
+      },
+      getAuthHeaders()
+    )
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('保存用户信号源配置失败')
   },
 
@@ -383,9 +364,7 @@ export const api = {
     public_ip: string
     message: string
   }> {
-    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/server-ip`, {
-      headers: getAuthHeaders(),
-    })
+    const res = await httpClient.get(`${API_BASE}/server-ip`, getAuthHeaders())
     if (!res.ok) throw new Error('获取服务器IP失败')
     return res.json()
   },
diff --git a/web/src/lib/httpClient.ts b/web/src/lib/httpClient.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9097c416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/lib/httpClient.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/**
+ * HTTP Client with unified error handling and 401 interception
+ *
+ * Features:
+ * - Unified fetch wrapper
+ * - Automatic 401 token expiration handling
+ * - Auth state cleanup on unauthorized
+ * - Automatic redirect to login page
+ */
+
+export class HttpClient {
+  // Singleton flag to prevent duplicate 401 handling
+  private static isHandling401 = false
+
+  /**
+   * Reset 401 handling flag (call after successful login)
+   */
+  public reset401Flag(): void {
+    HttpClient.isHandling401 = false
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Show login required notification to user
+   */
+  private showLoginRequiredNotification(): void {
+    // Create notification element
+    const notification = document.createElement('div')
+    notification.style.cssText = `
+      position: fixed;
+      top: 20px;
+      left: 50%;
+      transform: translateX(-50%);
+      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #F0B90B 0%, #FCD535 100%);
+      color: #0B0E11;
+      padding: 16px 24px;
+      border-radius: 8px;
+      font-size: 16px;
+      font-weight: bold;
+      z-index: 10000;
+      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
+      animation: slideDown 0.3s ease-out;
+    `
+    notification.textContent = '⚠️ 登录已过期，请先登录'
+
+    // Add slide down animation
+    const style = document.createElement('style')
+    style.textContent = `
+      @keyframes slideDown {
+        from {
+          opacity: 0;
+          transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-20px);
+        }
+        to {
+          opacity: 1;
+          transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(0);
+        }
+      }
+    `
+    document.head.appendChild(style)
+
+    // Add to page
+    document.body.appendChild(notification)
+
+    // Auto remove after animation
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      notification.style.animation = 'slideDown 0.3s ease-out reverse'
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        document.body.removeChild(notification)
+        document.head.removeChild(style)
+      }, 300)
+    }, 1800)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Response interceptor - handles common HTTP errors
+   *
+   * @param response - Fetch Response object
+   * @returns Response if successful
+   * @throws Error with user-friendly message
+   */
+  private async handleResponse(response: Response): Promise<Response> {
+    // Handle 401 Unauthorized - Token expired or invalid
+    if (response.status === 401) {
+      // Prevent duplicate 401 handling when multiple API calls fail simultaneously
+      if (HttpClient.isHandling401) {
+        throw new Error('登录已过期，请重新登录')
+      }
+
+      // Set flag to prevent race conditions
+      HttpClient.isHandling401 = true
+
+      // Clean up local storage
+      localStorage.removeItem('auth_token')
+      localStorage.removeItem('auth_user')
+
+      // Notify global listeners (AuthContext will react to this)
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('unauthorized'))
+
+      // Show user-friendly notification (only once)
+      this.showLoginRequiredNotification()
+
+      // Delay redirect to let user see the notification
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        // Only redirect if not already on login page
+        if (!window.location.pathname.includes('/login')) {
+          // Save current location for post-login redirect
+          const returnUrl = window.location.pathname + window.location.search
+          if (returnUrl !== '/login' && returnUrl !== '/') {
+            sessionStorage.setItem('returnUrl', returnUrl)
+          }
+
+          window.location.href = '/login'
+        }
+        // Note: No need to reset flag since we're redirecting
+      }, 1500) // 1.5秒延迟,让用户看到提示
+
+      throw new Error('登录已过期，请重新登录')
+    }
+
+    // Handle other common errors
+    if (response.status === 403) {
+      throw new Error('没有权限访问此资源')
+    }
+
+    if (response.status === 404) {
+      throw new Error('请求的资源不存在')
+    }
+
+    if (response.status >= 500) {
+      throw new Error('服务器错误，请稍后重试')
+    }
+
+    return response
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * GET request
+   */
+  async get(url: string, headers?: Record<string, string>): Promise<Response> {
+    const response = await fetch(url, {
+      method: 'GET',
+      headers,
+    })
+    return this.handleResponse(response)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * POST request
+   */
+  async post(
+    url: string,
+    body?: any,
+    headers?: Record<string, string>
+  ): Promise<Response> {
+    const response = await fetch(url, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: {
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        ...headers,
+      },
+      body: body ? JSON.stringify(body) : undefined,
+    })
+    return this.handleResponse(response)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * PUT request
+   */
+  async put(
+    url: string,
+    body?: any,
+    headers?: Record<string, string>
+  ): Promise<Response> {
+    const response = await fetch(url, {
+      method: 'PUT',
+      headers: {
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        ...headers,
+      },
+      body: body ? JSON.stringify(body) : undefined,
+    })
+    return this.handleResponse(response)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * DELETE request
+   */
+  async delete(
+    url: string,
+    headers?: Record<string, string>
+  ): Promise<Response> {
+    const response = await fetch(url, {
+      method: 'DELETE',
+      headers,
+    })
+    return this.handleResponse(response)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generic request method for custom configurations
+   */
+  async request(url: string, options: RequestInit = {}): Promise<Response> {
+    const response = await fetch(url, options)
+    return this.handleResponse(response)
+  }
+}
+
+// Export singleton instance
+export const httpClient = new HttpClient()
+
+// Export helper function to reset 401 flag
+export const reset401Flag = () => httpClient.reset401Flag()